Kupffer cells are tissue macrophages (histiocytes) fixed in hepatie sinusoids. Since malignant hepatocytes are the only tumor parencymal cells of the hepatocellular carcinoma, theoretically there are no Kupffer cells within the hepatocellular carcinoma. To clarify whether it is true or not, 12 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma of the trabecular type with some extents of the non-neoplastic surrounding liver were subjected to immunoperoxidase staining for lysozyme and S-100 protein and the results are as follows. 1) Kupffer cells were stained positively by the immunoperoxidase staining for lysozyme but not for S-100 protein, indicating that they are monocyte derived macrophages. 2) Kupffer cells were also present within the hepatocellular carcinoma, but were 2-7 times fewer within the hepatocellular carcinoma than in the non-neoplastic areas (p<0.05). 3) The non-neoplastic hepatic tissue of patients with serum HBsAg shows a tendency to have more kupffer cells than those without HBsAg.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

It has been clarified that myoepithelial cells contain S-100 protein which is known to be a marker protein of neural tissue. To evaluate the participation of myoepithelial cells in the histogenesis of the salivary gland tumors, normal salivary glands and various salivary gland tumors were stained by immuno-peroxidase method. PAP kits (DAKO Co, USA) for the S-100 protein and the Cytokeratin were used and the following resulting were obtained. Acinic cells of the normal salivery gland were negative for both cytokeratin and S-100 protein. The intercalated duct cells were weakly positive for cytokeratin and S-100 protein. The normal myoepithelial cells scattered around the acini and the intercalated ducts were positive only S-100 protein. In contrast, the striated duct were positive only for cytokeratin. In plemorphic adenoma, the S-100 protein positive cells were found in solid sheets of tumor cells, in chondromyxoid areas and in areas of spindle-cell stroma as well as in the outer layer of the tubular structures. Only the inner lining of the tubules were positive for cytokeratin. In basal cell adenoma, the stromal spindle cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein and the epithelial cells weakly positive. When tubules were present within the epithelial sheets, the inner most lining cells were positive for cytokeratin. The peripheral palisaded tumor cells were negative for both substances. By immunostaining of the adenoid cystic carcinoma, S-100 protein containing cells were found focally scattered independently on the variety of histologies. The lining cells of true cystic structure were positive for cytokeratin. Immunostaining of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma demostrated that the squamous cells and the tubular epithelial cells contained cytokeraitn, whereas only a few intermediate cells were positive for S-100 protein. In Warthin's tumor there were no S-100 protein positive cells, although basally located epithelial cells of the papillae were positive for cytokeratin. These findings suggest that salivary gland tumors other than the Warthin's tumor arise from myoepithelial cells or reserve cells having dual potentiality differentating into myoepithelial and intercalcated duct cells.

Apocrine carcinoma is a rare type of mammary cancer, which shows partial or total apocrine differentiation in either ductal or lobular carcinoma. The malignant transformation of apocrine epithelium of the breast was first described by Krompecher in 1916. It is well known that their relationship to true apocrine glands of the skin is only a morphological similarity, and this histological difference does not affect the prognosis. The authors experienced two cases of apocrine carcinoma of the breast which involved infiltrating ductal carcinoma of a 64-year old woman and intraductal carcinoma of a 69-year old woman respectively. Electron microscopic examination and brief review of literature was done.
Female ; Humans

Congenital immature teratoma of the tongue is a exceedingly rare form of epignathus. We report here an autopsy case of a huge immature teratoma protruding from the tongue of a newborn female infant. The mass obstructed the mouth and caused hydramnios. The mother's serum level of alpha-fetoprotein was elevated, and the tumor was identified by a ultrasonogram subsequently done. Discussion on the histogenesis of epignathus was made through a review of literatures.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

No abstract available.
Neurothekeoma* ; Scalp

No abstract available.
Histiocytosis*

The authors attempted to choose what has the best reproducibility and predictability for prognosis of the prostatic adenocarcinoma among four most widely used gradings methods; the Gleason's Mostofi's, Bocking and MD Anderson hospital systems. According to these gradings systems, each of two pathologists made histologic gradings of 40 consecutive prostatic adenocarcinomas which had been diagnosed with the surgically resected specimens. Correlation between the histological grades and the clinical stages was studied and a comparison was made among each system. For the comparison, the Gleason's and MDAH systems were revised as 3 grades and adjusted to the other gradings systems. In this study, MDAH grading system yielded the highest reproducibility as represented by 90% agreement, as compared with the other systems which showed 82.5~87.5% agreement. By the Gleason's, Mostofi's and Bocking's systems, 46.2%, 23.1% and 46.2% of grade 3 tumors respectively fell under the clinical stage A. On the contrary, there were no cases of grade 3 in stage A and no cases of grade 1 in stage D, by MDAH gradings system. These results suggest that MDAH gradings system is superior to the other systems in reproducibility and for predicting the biological behavior.
Adenocarcinoma

To elucidate the effect of copper on the 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene(3'-MeDAB) induced hepatic carcinogenesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups according to 3'-MeDAB and copper administration: I. noraml control, II. copper only, III. 3'-MeDAB only, IV. 3'-MeDAB plus copper. The animals of groups III and IV were fed experimental diet containing 0.06% 3'-MeDAB. Copper was administrated intraperitoneally in a dose of 0.5 mg, twice a weak. Animals were sacrificed at different intervals. Liver weight, hepatic copper content and gross and microscopical changes of the liver were examined and the cell kinetics of various lesions in the hepatic carcinogenesis was studied by applying the immunohistochemical method for bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU). The hepatic copper content was significantly increased in animals given copper but returned to the normal value after cessation of adminstration. 3'-MeDAB administration caused oval cell proliferation and produced hyperplastic nodules, cholangiofibrosis and carcinoma of the liver. Simultaneous administration of copper did not alter the incidence of 3'-MeDAB induced lesions, except for carcinoma. The liver weight and the size of hepatic nodules and masses were smaller in group IV than in group III. The liver weight as well as the nodularity and the mass formation continued to increase affect cessation of 3'-MeDAB administration. Copper did not affect the BrdU labelling indices of the hepatic lesions induced by 3'-MeDAB. The oval cell proliferation and the BrdU labelling indices of the oval cell and the hyperplastic nodule were decreased, but the incidence of cholangiofibrosis and its BrdU labelling index were still elevated after cessation of 3'MeDAB administration. These findings indicate that copper could delay the developement of 3'-MeDAB induced hepatic lesions, but not suppress, since copper does not stay long enough to accumulate in the rat liver, and that copper could not affect the proliferation of 3'-MeDAB induced hepatic lesions once developed.
Rats ; Animals ; Incidence

To evaluate the effect of preoperative treatment on proliferative activity and prognosis of the hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs), fifty-three surgically resected HCCs were studied. Twenty cases were treated preoperatively and thirty-three were not treated before surgery. The proliferation index(PI, % of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive cells) of the remaining cancer cases(35.41). Although PI was similar among gross types and among histologic grades, tumors of the expanding type and of the histologic grade I revealed distinctly low PI in pretreated cases. Two-year survival rate was not significantly different between pretreated and not-pretreated cases(67.4 vs 52.7). But the differences between gross types(p<0.05) and between histologic grades(p<0.01) were significant. Total necrosis of tumor occurred in five pretreated patients, all of whom were alive during two-year follow-up. Smaller HCCs showed better prognosis(p<0.01). Although PI appeared not correlated well with the two tear survival rate, the pretreated HCCs preoperative modalities induce tumor necrosis, but do not reduce the proliferative activity of tumor cells significantly, and that pretreatment does not affect the long-term prognosis of HCCs except for the accasions of total necrosis of tumor.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

This study was undertaken to elucidate the short-term effect of iron on the hyperplastic lesions of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. The Solt-Farber's resistant hepatocyte model was chosen for the experiment, and Sprague-Dawley rats wee divided into six groups: normal control, iron-rich diet administration with or without hydroxyquinoline. The iron content, microscopic changes, bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) labelling index and the DNA polidy were studied. In the carcinogen administered group, oval cell proliferation and consecutive hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte developed regardless of iron administration. The hepatic iron content was increased rimarkably by iron administration, but gradually decreased as the hyperplastic lesions developed in carcinogen administered groups. Although the administration of iron without carcinogen induced hepatic accumulation of stainable iron, the hyperplastic lesions appeared to be lack of it. BrdU labelling indices of the oval cells and the hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte were very high and were not significantly altered by iron administration. Most liver cells had diploid or tetraploid DNA content, but there was an increase of diploidy as the development of hyperplastic lesions regardless of iron administration. The results indicate that the chemical carcinogen-induced hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte do not accumulate iron, and that short-term iron administration does not affect the development of hyperplastic lesions and their proliferative activity and DNA ploidy.
Rats ; Animals ; Carcinogens