Reactive mesothelial cells are frequently found in the smear, of body fludid dffusion when associated with liver cirrhosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, congestive heart failure or pulmonary infarction. But it is not easy to differentiate these reactive mesothelial cells from macrophages or various types of malignant cells. In order to investigate the morphology of hyperplastic mesothelial cells, in comparison with the various types of malignant cells in the effusion, this experiment was designed. The tissue reaction was evoked by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 ml of 2% Talcum suspension. The results obtained were as follows: 1) On light microscopic observation of the tissure, until 5 days, cytoplasm and nucleus of mesothelial cells became larger and nucleoi became prominent. After then, cytoplasm and nucleus became smaller and at 28 days after injection of Talcum suspension, cellular features became similar to those of normal ones. 2) On cytologic observation of touch print specimens, hyperplastic mesothelial cells became round to oval, and their cytoplasm became conspicuous. Nuclei were vesicular, and nucleoi were prominent. N/C ratio was decreased than normal. 3) On electron microscopic observation, hyperplastic mesothelial cells did not have microvilli, but had a few cytoplasmic globular projections, loosely approximated cellular junctions, larger and more abundant intracytoplaomic vesicles when compared with normal one. Chromatin clumping, irregular thickening of nuclear membrane and prominent nucleoi were also noted.

A malignant granular cell tumor (MGCT) occurred in the left shoulder of a 62-year-old man. The patient underwent wide marginal excision followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A metastatic tumor was identified in the axillary lymph node 22 months after the excision of the shoulder mass. The primary tumor was a poorly circumscribed mass measuring 5 5 4 cm. On cut section, it was a solid mass with yellowish tan color. Histologically, both primary and metastatic tumor consisted of polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm and a vesicular nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. Two to three mitotic figures per ten high power fields at 200 were counted. Tumor cells were weakly stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) preparation both before and after diastase digestion, and were positive for S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and vimentin. By electron microscopy, the cytoplasm was filled with numerous autophagolysosomes containing myelin figures, mitochondria, and fragmented rough endoplasmic reticula. Basal laminae and angulated bodies were also noted. These findings suggest schwannian differentiation of this tumor.
Amylases ; Basement Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Digestion ; Drug Therapy ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria ; Myelin Sheath ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Radiotherapy ; S100 Proteins ; Shoulder* ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl ; Vimentin

A total of 73 enucleated eyeballs is reviewed and analyzed clinicopthologically. These eyeballs were selected among the enucleated spceimens that had been removed at the Yeungnam University Hospital during a period of 10 years beginning from 1983 to 1992. Following results were obtained. 1) When the eyeballs were classified according to me direct cause of removal, the neoplasm was the most common single cause accounting for 26 cases(35.6%) out of 73 cases, followed by phthisis bulbi l6 cases(21.9%), trauma 10 cases(13.7%), glaucoma 8 cases(10.9%), inflammation 5 cases(6.8%), staphyloma 4 cases(5.5%), retinal detachment 1 cases(1.4%), Coat's disease 1 cases(1.4%), corneal disease 1 cases(1.4%) and choroidal hemorrhage 1 cases(1.4%). 2) 39 cases(53.4%) were male and 34(46.6%) were female. 23 cases(31.5%) were below 10 years of age, which was the highest rate. 3) The neoplastic lesion included retinoblastoma 20 cases(76.9%) in 26 neoplasms, malignant melanoma 4 cases(15.3%), hemagioblastoma of optic disc 1 cases(3.9%), adenocarcinoma of Meibomian gland 1 cases(3.9%). 4) Retinoblastoma was the commonest intraocular tumor accounting for 20 out of 26 cases, In growth pattern, 80.0% of the tumor grew endophtytically. True rosette were seen 60% of the retinoblastoma.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) is a destructive periodontal disease that can develop in young age. Only a few cases of full mouth rehabilitation, using dental implants, have been reported in a patient with aggressive periodontitis. CASE DESCRIPTION: This clinical report describes the treatment procedures and results of full mouth rehabilitation in a patient with aggressive periodontitis. After all teeth were extracted, 6 implants were placed in the maxilla and mandible, respectively. Fixed detachable implant prostheses were made. The patient was satisfied with the final results. She was followed for 10 months postloading. CLINICAL IMPLICATION: For a long-term success, continuous maintenance care is critical, as the contributing factors of the disease (such as immune factors or periodontal pathogens) may not be controlled adequately.
Aggressive Periodontitis ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Mouth ; Mouth Rehabilitation ; Periodontal Diseases ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that develops when reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. The prevalence of GERD is increasing worldwide and in Asia-Pacific. The latest Korean guidelines for GERD were published in 2012, and several international guidelines and consensus statements for the management of GERD have also been recently published. Here, we review these guidelines and consensus statements in order to provide a better understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of GERD.
Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Prevalence

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although LIN28A is known to potentially play a role in the oncogenesis of various cancers, whether LIN28A expression is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer has not been fully explored. We sought to evaluate clinicopathological characteristics according to the expression of LIN28A in numerous gastric cancer tissue samples. METHODS: LIN28A expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of a tissue microarray comprising 288 gastric cancer tissues and 288 adjacent normal tissues. Clinicopathological characteristics, including overall survival, were compared according to LIN28A expression. RESULTS: The IHC staining score was lower for the cancer tissues than the normal tissues (p<0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in the clinicopathological characteristics between the low and high LIN28A expression groups. In addition, the 5-year overall survival rate did not differ between the two groups: 75.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.3% to 81.7%) versus 71.6% (95% CI, 63.3% to 80.9%) for low versus high expression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of LIN28A did not appear to play a distinct role in predicting the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastric cancer. In addition, LIN28A expression was not an independently associated factor for overall survival in patients with gastric cancer.
Carcinogenesis ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Primary Myelofibrosis* ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This stuy evaluated the role of a second-look endoscopy after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients without signs of bleeding. METHODS: Between March 2011 and March 2012, 407 patients with gastric neoplasms who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for 445 lesions were retrospectively reviewed. After the patients had undergone endoscopic submucosal dissection, they were allocated to two groups (with or without second-look endoscopy) according to the following endoscopy. The postoperative bleeding risk of the lesions was not considered when allocating the patients. RESULTS: The delayed postoperative bleeding rates did not differ between the two groups (with vs without second-look endoscopy, 3.0% vs 2.1%; p=0.546). However, a tumor in the upper-third of the stomach (odds ratio [OR], 5.353; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.075 to 26.650) and specimen size greater than 40 mm (OR, 4.794; 95% CI, 1.307 to 17.588) were both independent risk factors for delayed postoperative bleeding. Additionally, second-look endoscopy was not related to reduced delayed postoperative bleeding. However, delayed postoperative bleeding in the patients who did not undergo a second-look endoscopy occurred significantly earlier than that in patients who underwent a second-look endoscopy (4.5 and 14.0 days, respectively, p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: A routine second-look endoscopy after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection is not necessary for all patients.
Female ; Gastrectomy/*adverse effects ; Gastric Mucosa/surgery ; *Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Hemorrhage/diagnosis/etiology/*prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Second-Look Surgery ; Stomach/pathology/surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology/surgery ; Time Factors

Dyspepsia refers to group of commonly occurring upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The majority of patients with dyspepsia suffer from functional (nonulcer) dyspepsia. Although there is a lack of epidemiological data from population-based or patient cohort studies in Korea, the current understanding of this condition has been updated using data from various recent research studies, which have facilitated the development of clinical guidelines for functional dyspepsia. According to a survey using the Rome III criteria, more than 40% of respondents who visited primary clinics and tertiary hospitals were defined as having functional dyspepsia, most of who were within a subgroup of patients with postprandial distress syndrome. In addition, a population-based cross-sectional survey revealed considerable overlap between functional dyspepsia and other functional gastrointestinal disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (especially nonerosive reflux disease) and irritable bowel syndrome. In contrast to the results of Western trials, there is insufficient evidence to recommend a Helicobacter pylori test-and-treat strategy as an initial management approach to functional dyspepsia in Korea, suggesting the need for early endoscopic evaluation. Additional studies are necessary to adjust the cutoff age for implementation of immediate endoscopic evaluation of patients without alarm symptoms. Considering the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the limited efficacy of symptomatic relief after its eradication, further well-qualified studies in Korea are warranted.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; *Dyspepsia/diagnosis/epidemiology/microbiology/therapy ; Early Diagnosis ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; *Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors

Depression is heterogeneous in terms of its clinical aspect, diagnosis, cause, neurobiology, drug response and course. Because of the heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD), DSM-IV classified MDD into various subtypes, such as melancholic, atypical, severe with psychotic feature, severe without psychotic feature, with postpartum onset, with catatonic feature, early-onset, late-onset, chronic, single or recurrent. In spite of the efforts of many clinicians trying to classify and explain the nature of MDD, depression is still qualified as a syndrome rather than a disease. When we see patients with MDD in clinical setting, we still use several subtypes of classical classification in order to comprehend the patient better. Psychiatrist should treat the patients with MDD according to their specific features and integrate the various information from them. For these reasons, depression is regarded as a complicated disease to identify and treat. Therefore, mental health professionals, especially psychiatrists should be trained on these diverse characteristics of MDD and it is recommended that the treatment of depression should be referred to a psychiatrist.
Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Neurobiology ; Population Characteristics ; Postpartum Period ; Psychiatry