The present study was undertaken to find out the role of NO on cataractogenesis in the experimenally-induced uveitis(EIU) model. Nitrite and nitrate, stable oxidative products of nitric oxide(NO), were measured in the aqueous humor and the progression of inflammations and lens opacities were evaluated with slit lamp biomicroscope. Immunoperoxidase staining and immunofluorescent staining for inducible NO synthase(iNOS) and peroxynitrite were performed to confirm the site of production of NO and peroxynitrite. The grades of inflammation were peaked at 24 hours inflammation was gradually decreased after 48 hours and lens opacity after 72 hours. These changes returned to the baseline level by one week after LPS injection. Similarly, NO concentration in aqueous humor was peaked at 24 hours. And it was then decreased after 48 hours and returned to the baseline level by one week. These inflammatory signs and lens opacities were significantly decreased in NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME) administrated group. Inflammatory cells in anterior chamber, iris, and ciliary body expressed highly iNOS which was coincide with peroxynitrite immunolocalization. Therefore, these results suggest that cataract formation in EIU is related to the NO production in aqueous humor. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation by peroxynitrite is possibly related with cataractogenesis in EIU. But, we need a further evaluation to seek the relationship between cataractogenesis and increased nitric oxide concentration, combined with studies of other biochemical changes in anterior chamber and lens.
Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor ; Cataract* ; Ciliary Body ; Inflammation ; Iris ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitroarginine ; Peroxynitrous Acid ; Uveitis*

PURPOSE: To review the outcomes of surgical treatment for superficial peroneal nerve entrapment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultrasonogram was used for diagnosis and surgical treatment. Seven superficial peroneal nerve entrapment were surgically treated with follow up of average 16 months (range, 6~29 months). Three patients were male and four patients were female with mean age 36.7 years (range, 19~51 years). Four cases developed after repetitive ankle sprain and three cases had no etiology. RESULTS: Operation was performed mini-open and subcutaneous fasciotomy under local anesthesia. The results were excellent in two cases, good in four cases, fair in one case. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonogram was useful for diagnosis and surgical treatment of superficial peroneal nerve entrapment syndrome.
Anesthesia, Local ; Animals ; Ankle ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Peroneal Nerve ; Sprains and Strains

Intraneural ganglilon of superficial peroneal nerve was rare condition around foot and ankle. we experienced a case of recurred intraneural ganglion of superficial peroneal nerve on foot. We treated the case with idendify of intraarticular branch of ganglion. We report the case with a review of literature.
Animals ; Ankle ; Foot ; Ganglion Cysts ; Peroneal Nerve

It has been well known that Nitrogen Oxide (NO)plays an important role in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU)model,but there has been few researches on development of corneal toxicity in this model. This study was planned to elucidate ultrastructural changes of corneal opacities and edema in EIU model. Lewis rats were separated into 3 groups:A,B and ontrol. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was administered subcutaneously into footpads in group A and B for induction of uveitis, while balanced salt solution was injected into those in control rats. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), known as inhibitor of NO synthase, was applied topically into eyes in group B before and after injection of LPS, respectively. 24 hours after injection of LPS, all of these eyes were observed with light microscope and electron microscope to assess severity of uveitis and corneal status. More severe corneal edema and opacity,along with more intense uveitis were noted in group A than in group B. Corneal thickness was 93.21 +/-8 .9 4 micrometerin control group,161.97+/-11.93micrometerin A group,and 121.67+/-11.35micrometerin B group.The rats treated with L-NAME showed less corneal edema,which was statistically significant(p<0.05). Ultrastructural alterations observed were as folloews: vacuolated necrosis in epithelium;increased perikeratocyte space, derangement of collagen fibrils due to stromal edema;and condensed chromatin,mitochondrial swelling, increased intercellular space in endothelium. Atypical pyknotic pattern of cellular necrosis due to intranuclear and perinuclear vacuoles was charactreristic. However, ultrastructures were relatively well preserved in group B except for intracytoplasmic vacuoles.These results suggest that L-NAME inhibits corneal toxicity caused by endotoxin. In conclusion,this study support the hypothesis that NO plays an important role in corneal toxicity.
Animals ; Collagen ; Corneal Edema* ; Corneal Opacity ; Edema ; Endothelium ; Extracellular Space ; Necrosis ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitrogen ; Rats ; Uveitis* ; Vacuoles

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes at a minimum of 1 year following the ACL reconstruction with use of Liga- ment Plate(R) which was invented for secure fixation of hamstring tendon graft into femoral tunnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six patients who could followed up for minimum 12 months were treated with the ACL reconstruction fixed with Ligament Plate(R) using a four-stranded autologous hamstring tendon graft. For femoral fixation, we used Ligament Plate(R), and for tibial fixation, we used suture-post strengthened with cortical screw. Average follow up period was 18.6 months. Prior to surgery and at the follow-up examination, we evaluated the clinical results with Lachmann test, pivot shift test, Lysholm score and the difference of mid-thigh circumference, and KT 2000 arth- rometer was perfomed. For radiographic evaluation, we analyzed knee radiographs including anterior drawer radiographs and evaluated the degree of tunnel enlargement. RESULTS: Lysholm score improved from 61.6 points to 93.8 points. Lachman test revealed negative findings for sixty- three cases, and ten cases with grade 1 laxity and another three cases with grade 2 at last follow-up. Pivot shift test showed negative findings except six cases with grade 1 laxity at last follow-up. The results of KT 2000 arthrometer improved from 5.4mm difference compared with normal limb to 2.1mm respectively. The difference of mid-thigh circumference compared with normal limb showed 1.7cm. Radiographic analysis of anterior drawer view revealed 6.5 mm difference compared with normal limb preoperatively and 1.1 mm difference at last follow-up. Femoral and tibial tunnel enlarged to 2.7mm and 1.8 mm compared with immediate postoperative radiographs. CONCLUSION: ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon grafts fixed with Ligament Plate(R) could provide sufficient strength of early fixation, and then could show good clinical results. However, long term follow-up was necessary.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments* ; Tendons* ; Transplants*

Background: Bacterial skin infections are commonly observed in dermatological practice. After the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, individuals have become concerned about personal hygiene. It is expected that infectious diseases will decrease, and there will be differences in the characteristics of isolated microorganisms, including antibiotic susceptibility. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the differences in the characteristics of bacterial skin infections before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent bacterial culture and susceptibility tests at Chosun University Hospital for the treatment of bacterial skin infections. The period before the COVID-19 pandemic is from January 2018 to December 2019, and the period after the COVID-19 pandemic is from January 2020 to December 2021. We analyzed the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in the patients. Results: Overall, 578 patients were included in this study. The age of the patients increased from 39.9 years before the COVID-19 pandemic to 44.2 years (p=0.03). The number of hospitalized patients decreased from 0.2% before the pandemic to 0.1% after the pandemic (p＜0.001). The most commonly isolated microorganism in both groups was S. aureus, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci. The methicillin resistance rate of S. aureus increased from 34.8% to 36.4% between 2018 and 2021, although no significant association was found between the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion This study showed that although there was no significant difference in the types of bacteria and antibiotic resistance, the age of the patients increased, and the rate of admission decreased.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the genetic causes of hypospadias in children using targeted gene panel sequencing for disorders of sex development (DSD). Materials and Methods: This study included 18 twin boys with hypospadias: seven and two pairs were monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively, and six were discordant and three were concordant twins. Targeted gene panel sequencing for 67 known DSD genes was performed. Sequence variants were classified into five different categories, pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variants of uncertain significance, likely benign, and benign, following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Standards and Guidelines. Results: The mean gestational age and birth weight were 35.3±2.0 weeks and 1.96±0.61 kg, respectively, with seven patients being small for gestational age. Hypospadias was present in 12 patients, with posterior type in 33.3% and anterior type in 66.7%.In three families with twins, both siblings had hypospadias. In addition, cryptorchidism was observed in one subject. Surgical correction of hypospadias was performed at a mean age of 22.1 months. Molecular analysis identified 12 different genetic variants, including two pathogenic mutations in the AMH (p.E389*) and SRD5A2 (p.R246Q) genes, found in subjects with hypospadias, respectively. However, only heterozygous mutations were detected. Conclusions This study did not identify a definitive genetic component contributing to the development of hypospadias; however, the findings suggest that intrauterine growth retardation may play a significant role.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the genetic causes of hypospadias in children using targeted gene panel sequencing for disorders of sex development (DSD). Materials and Methods: This study included 18 twin boys with hypospadias: seven and two pairs were monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively, and six were discordant and three were concordant twins. Targeted gene panel sequencing for 67 known DSD genes was performed. Sequence variants were classified into five different categories, pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variants of uncertain significance, likely benign, and benign, following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Standards and Guidelines. Results: The mean gestational age and birth weight were 35.3±2.0 weeks and 1.96±0.61 kg, respectively, with seven patients being small for gestational age. Hypospadias was present in 12 patients, with posterior type in 33.3% and anterior type in 66.7%.In three families with twins, both siblings had hypospadias. In addition, cryptorchidism was observed in one subject. Surgical correction of hypospadias was performed at a mean age of 22.1 months. Molecular analysis identified 12 different genetic variants, including two pathogenic mutations in the AMH (p.E389*) and SRD5A2 (p.R246Q) genes, found in subjects with hypospadias, respectively. However, only heterozygous mutations were detected. Conclusions This study did not identify a definitive genetic component contributing to the development of hypospadias; however, the findings suggest that intrauterine growth retardation may play a significant role.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the genetic causes of hypospadias in children using targeted gene panel sequencing for disorders of sex development (DSD). Materials and Methods: This study included 18 twin boys with hypospadias: seven and two pairs were monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively, and six were discordant and three were concordant twins. Targeted gene panel sequencing for 67 known DSD genes was performed. Sequence variants were classified into five different categories, pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variants of uncertain significance, likely benign, and benign, following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Standards and Guidelines. Results: The mean gestational age and birth weight were 35.3±2.0 weeks and 1.96±0.61 kg, respectively, with seven patients being small for gestational age. Hypospadias was present in 12 patients, with posterior type in 33.3% and anterior type in 66.7%.In three families with twins, both siblings had hypospadias. In addition, cryptorchidism was observed in one subject. Surgical correction of hypospadias was performed at a mean age of 22.1 months. Molecular analysis identified 12 different genetic variants, including two pathogenic mutations in the AMH (p.E389*) and SRD5A2 (p.R246Q) genes, found in subjects with hypospadias, respectively. However, only heterozygous mutations were detected. Conclusions This study did not identify a definitive genetic component contributing to the development of hypospadias; however, the findings suggest that intrauterine growth retardation may play a significant role.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the genetic causes of hypospadias in children using targeted gene panel sequencing for disorders of sex development (DSD). Materials and Methods: This study included 18 twin boys with hypospadias: seven and two pairs were monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively, and six were discordant and three were concordant twins. Targeted gene panel sequencing for 67 known DSD genes was performed. Sequence variants were classified into five different categories, pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variants of uncertain significance, likely benign, and benign, following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Standards and Guidelines. Results: The mean gestational age and birth weight were 35.3±2.0 weeks and 1.96±0.61 kg, respectively, with seven patients being small for gestational age. Hypospadias was present in 12 patients, with posterior type in 33.3% and anterior type in 66.7%.In three families with twins, both siblings had hypospadias. In addition, cryptorchidism was observed in one subject. Surgical correction of hypospadias was performed at a mean age of 22.1 months. Molecular analysis identified 12 different genetic variants, including two pathogenic mutations in the AMH (p.E389*) and SRD5A2 (p.R246Q) genes, found in subjects with hypospadias, respectively. However, only heterozygous mutations were detected. Conclusions This study did not identify a definitive genetic component contributing to the development of hypospadias; however, the findings suggest that intrauterine growth retardation may play a significant role.