During The last 11 years from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1990, 72 cases of salmonellosis has been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of National Medical Center and evaluated clinical difference between typhoid fever and salmonella gastroenteritis. The results were as follows: 1) The annual incidence of salmonella gastroenteritis insalmonellosis was increased in the latter half of the eighties. 2) Both salmonellosis had its peak incidence in the summer. 3) Salmonella gastroenteritis was highest in the age of less than 5 year in contrast with the age of 6~9 year in typhoid fever. 4) The specimens isolated salmonellae were blood and stool in most cases, especially blood in typhoid fever and stool in gastroenteritis. 5) S.typhi was 16 cases, salmonella group A was 3 cases, group B was 16 cases and Group D and E were a case in each in isolated salmonellae. 6) On the antibiotic sensitivity test, S.typhi was sensitive to the most antibiotics. but the salmonella group B was relatively resisitant to Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Gastroenteritis ; Incidence ; Pediatrics ; Salmonella ; Salmonella Infections* ; Tetracycline ; Typhoid Fever

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation in cartilaginous structures including the ears, noses, peripheral joints, and tracheobronchial tree. It rarely involves the central nervous system (CNS) but diagnosis of CNS complication of RP is challenging because it can present with varying clinical features. Herein we report 3 cases of relapsing polychondritis involving CNS with distinct manifestations and clinical courses. The first patient presented with rhombencephalitis resulting in brain edema and death. The second patient had acute cognitive dysfunction due to limbic encephalitis. He was treated with steroid pulse therapy and recovered without sequelae. The third patient suffered aseptic meningitis that presented as dementia, which was refractory to steroid and immune suppressive agents. We also reviewed literature on CNS complications of RP.
Brain Edema ; Central Nervous System* ; Dementia ; Diagnosis ; Ear ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Joints ; Limbic Encephalitis ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Meningoencephalitis ; Nose ; Polychondritis, Relapsing* ; Trees

No abstract available.
Cryoglobulinemia* ; Gangrene* ; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance* ; Paraproteinemias*

Glucocorticoids are widely used for the treatment of various autoimmune, allergy, and neoplastic diseases. While they are indispensable for the treatment of many diseases, they have a lot of adverse effects. The aim of this article is to review the unwanted effects of glucocorticoids, providing information about their prevention. Glucocorticoids affect the balance of electrolytes and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Thus, they can alter the distribution of adipose tissue to form Cushingoid facial and body shape and can precipitate hypertension and atherosclerosis to increase the risk of cardiovascular disorders. Glucocorticoids also affect the musculoskeletal system increasing the risk of osteoporosis, avascular necrosis, and myopathy and also contribute to neurological disorders such as mood change, psychosis, and memory loss. Cataract and glaucoma are common ophthalmological complications of glucocorticoid therapy. Combined use with cytotoxic agents and glucocorticoid will substantially raise the risk of bacterial infection and rate of opportunistic infection, and appropriate prophylaxis will be needed. In addition, glucocorticoids can cause problems of the reproductive system including menstrual disorders and changes in fertility. Although these adverse reactions of glucocorticoids are clear at higher doses, even at low doses, they can produce substantial toxicities. To prevent above adverse events, physicians should monitor the complications of glucocorticoids more cautiously and should reduce the medication meticulously.
Adipose Tissue ; Atherosclerosis ; Bacterial Infections ; Carbohydrates ; Cataract ; Cytotoxins ; Electrolytes ; Fertility ; Glaucoma ; Glucocorticoids ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypertension ; Memory Disorders ; Muscular Diseases ; Musculoskeletal System ; Necrosis ; Nervous System Diseases ; Opportunistic Infections ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Osteoporosis ; Psychotic Disorders

No abstract available.
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic*

No abstract available.
Connective Tissue Diseases* ; Connective Tissue* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Autoantibodies* ; Biomarkers* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic*

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic affecting more than 2.9 million people. Aside from opportunistic infections and malignancies, it involves multiple organs, resulting in many complications, and frequently shows various rheumatic manifestations. With improving survival of patients due to the development of highly active anti-retroviral therapy, the number of HIV-infected patients with rheumatic complications is certain to increase. However, reports on HIV induced rheumatic manifestations in Korean patients are limited. On the other hand, spondyloarthropathy is the most common form of inflammatory arthropathy in HIV associated rheumatic manifestations and is frequently accompanied by peripheral arthritis and enthesitis, while axial skeletal involvement is a rare presentation. Herein we report on a 46-year-old man with HIV infection presenting with an axial spondyloarthropathy who was treated successfully with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, sulfasalazine, and low dose steroid.
Arthritis ; Hand ; HIV Infections ; HIV* ; Humans ; Humans* ; Middle Aged ; Opportunistic Infections ; Pandemics ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Spondylarthropathies* ; Sulfasalazine