Carp which receive intraperitoneal injections of sodium alginate show a high survival rate after being challenged with Edwardsiella tarda. To elucidate the immunoenhancement by sodium alginate, its effects on the non-specific defense system of carp were investigated. Sodium alginate had little influence either on the activity of the alternative complement pathway or on the phagocytic and respiratory burst activities of head kidney phagocytes (HKP), yet it greatly enhanced the migration of HKP to the peritoneal cavity (the site of injection) and concurrently elevated their phagocytic activity. The number of phagocytes mobilized by sodium alginate was 2 to 50 times greater than that by the well-known peritoneal exudate cell-eliciting agents when injected at the same dose. Accordingly, it is highly probable that the early elimination of challenge bacteria by such mobilized and activated phagocytes was responsible for the high survival rate of the alginateinjected fish. In chemotaxis assays, it was revealed that sodium alginate stimulated sorne leukocyte subpopulation (s) within the peritoneal cavity to produce and/or secrete chemotactic factor (s), while concurrently enhancing the sensitivity of HKP to the factor (s).
Bacteria ; Carps* ; Chemotaxis ; Complement Pathway, Alternative ; Edwardsiella tarda ; Exudates and Transudates ; Head Kidney ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Leukocytes ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Phagocytes ; Respiratory Burst ; Sodium* ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Somatoform Disorders*

No abstract available.

Screening test of Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) infection was introduced on Korean Blood Donor Test Program in July 1987, and the test results between July 1987 and December 1990 were reported on the Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion on May 1992. Moreover, we assessed anti-HIV ELISA screening test result of 3,905,986 blood donors donated at Korean Red Cross Blood Centers between January 1991 and December 1993. The seropositivity of anti-HIV ELISA screening test was 0.26% in 1991, 0.30% in 1992 and 0.18% in 1993.0.15% of all donors in 1991 was reactive repeatedly, and 0.15% in 1992 and 0.08% in 1993. The prevalence of HIV infected donors confirmed by Western Blot Assay was 0.0003% in 1991, 0.0015% in 1992, and 0.0009% in 1993. The sero-positivities of anti-HIV screening tests with AIDSDIA reagent and HIVIRO reagent were 0.32% and 0.17% and the difference was significantly(p<0.05). The sero-positivities of ELISA screening and Western Blot. Assay detecting anti-HIV were lower in soldier group than in non-soldier donor group (p< 0.05).
Blood Donors* ; Blood Transfusion ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; HIV* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; Military Personnel ; Prevalence* ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors

Serum immunoglobulins from Israeli carp (I. carp) were purified using affinity chromatography. Fish were immunized with purified mouse IgG, and the specific fish antibodies purified from the immune serum on a mouse IgG-immobilized agarose gel. Rabbit anti-carp Ig (Raclg) antibodies were produced following hyperimmunization with mlgG specific I. Carp Ab. SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing condition showed that I. carp Ig (clg) were composed of two u-like heavy chains with about 82 and 50 kD, respectively and one light chain with about 25 kD. On immunoblotting analysis, however, Raclg failed to react with light chain. When both protein A and protein G purified normal clg were compared with mlgG specific clg, no significant structural differences among them were observed. To investigate if there is any homology between other fish Ig molecules, cross-reactivity of Raclg against Ig molecules from 6 different fish sera and mouse control serum was checked on immunoblotting analysis. As a result, Raclg responded to only carp and tilapia Ig molecules, indicating that both tilapia and carp are very closely associated, especially, in the genetic basis of immunoglobulin structure. In flow cytometry study, Raclg appeared to recognize 45.8% of carp Ig+, 14.5% of catfish Ig+ and <5% of tilapia Ig+ cells. The result suggest the heterogeniety between receptor immunoglobulins on B-like lymphocytes and soluble immunoglobulins in serum. It is crucial to obtain pure fish immunoglobulins to produce reagent antibodies as tools for the study of their specific immune response.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Carps* ; Catfishes ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunoblotting ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins* ; Lymphocytes ; Mice ; Sepharose ; Staphylococcal Protein A ; Tilapia

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Papilloma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Estrogens* ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Progesterone*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Female* ; Humans

The authors analysed 30 eyes that "Trabeculectomy ab externo" was performed in S.N.U.H. Trabeculectomy was preferable operation in simple glaucoma and even in chronic closed angle glaucoma, but in congenital glaucoma, goniotomy was more preferable than trabeculectomy. In its mode of action, trabeculectomy was regarded as a sort of filtering precedure.
Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Trabeculectomy*

Primary carcinoma of the uterine tube is one of the least common gynecologic malignancies with a reported incidence of approximately 0.3%. As a result of it, the experience of any one physian is limited. Almost all cases are adenocarcinoma and the cilinical presentation is generally nonspecific, of which the most common symptom is postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Primary fallopian tube carcinima is infrequently diagnosed before explolatory laparotomy and the majority of patients have extensive disease at diagnosis. We have experienced a case of fallopian tube cancer and report with brief review of literature
Adenocarcinoma ; Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Uterine Hemorrhage