Tuberculosis of the duodenum is rare event in patients with pulmonary or intestinal tuberculoais. It is very difficult to diagnose duodenal tuberculosis because of inconaiatent symptoms and nonspecific duodenal lesioa. Although fiberoptic endoscopy has been used, there is the limitation of fiberoptic endoscopy ia diagnosingthis disease and the diagnoais require laparotomy with biopsy. Recently we experienced a case of duodenal tuberculosis with duodenoscopic findings of the submucosal tumor of duaidenum. We report a case with review of literatures.
Biopsy ; Duodenum* ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Tuberculosis*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the regions of the brain associated with recurrent nocturnal chronic hypoxic episodes in patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) using low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). METHODS: Nocturnal polysomnograph (NPSG) and subsequent morning electroencephalograph (EEG) were measured in 20 subjects with OSAS. Mild (n=10 ages 39.5+/-12.1 years) and severe (n=10 ages 41.7+/-13.6 years) right-handed male OSAS subjects were selected by interview and questionnaires including the NPSG, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The LORETA and QEEG were compared between the severe and mild OSAS groups by frequency bands (delta 1-3 Hz, theta 4-7 Hz, alpha 8-12 Hz, beta1 13-18 Hz, beta2 19-21 Hz, beta3 22-30 Hz, and total 1-30 Hz) made by spectral analysis during resting with the eyes closed. RESULTS: The LORETA analysis showed decreased alpha activity at the right posterior cingulate gyrus (Brodmann area 23) in cases with severe OSAS compared to mild OSAS (p<0.05). For the QEEG, the absolute power of the alpha activity (8-12 Hz) was decreased in P3 (p=0.047), PZ (p=0.039) and O2 (p=0.04) in cases with severe OSAS compared to mild OSAS cases. The LORETA and QEEG analyses had similar results with regard to band, activation and location. CONCLUSION: The decreased activity of the alpha frequency in the right posterior cingulate gyrus, in patients with severe OSAS compared to those with mild OSAS, suggests that chronic repeated short-term hypoxia during sleep, in OSAS, could provoke cortical brain dysfunction associated with cognitive dysfunction such as memory and attention.
Anoxia ; Anxiety ; Brain ; Depression ; Electroencephalography ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Hypoxia, Brain ; Magnets* ; Male ; Memory ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive*

No abstract available.
Calcinosis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Henoch-Schonlein purpura or Anaphylactiod purpura is rare syndrome in adults characterized by a symmetrical, non traumatic, nonthrombocytopenic, painless purpuric rash, arthritis, nephritis, gastrointestinal manifestation. G-I tract involvement is characterized by abdominal pain, G-I bleeding. Although the small bowel is more frequently involved, cases of esophageal, gastroduodenal and colorectal localization have been rarely reported. Recently, we have experienced a case of Henoch-schonlein purpura with renal, skin, extensive gastrointestinal involvement in a 53 year-old male patient who complained of pain, purpura, generalized abdominal pain, dyspnea. The endoscopic findings of duodenum and colon in a patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura are presented.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Arthritis ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Duodenum ; Dyspnea ; Exanthema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephritis ; Purpura* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Skin

Henoch-Schonlein purpura or Anaphylactiod purpura is rare syndrome in adults characterized by a symmetrical, non traumatic, nonthrombocytopenic, painless purpuric rash, arthritis, nephritis, gastrointestinal manifestation. G-I tract involvement is characterized by abdominal pain, G-I bleeding. Although the small bowel is more frequently involved, cases of esophageal, gastroduodenal and colorectal localization have been rarely reported. Recently, we have experienced a case of Henoch-schonlein purpura with renal, skin, extensive gastrointestinal involvement in a 53 year-old male patient who complained of pain, purpura, generalized abdominal pain, dyspnea. The endoscopic findings of duodenum and colon in a patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura are presented.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Arthritis ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Duodenum ; Dyspnea ; Exanthema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephritis ; Purpura* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used extensively to manufacture plastics and epoxy resin liners for food and beverage cans. BPA, with properties similar to estrogen, has endocrine-disrupting effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of early prepubertal BPA exposure on the onset of puberty and reproductive parameters such as estrous cycle and reproductive organ weights in female mice. METHODS: Female mice were injected subcutaneously at postnatal day (PND) 8 with BPA (0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/kg) in sesame oil or with sesame oil alone. Body weight was measured from PND 10 to 70. Vaginal opening and estrous cycle were monitored from PND 20 to 29. Animals were sacrificed at PND 25, 30, and 70, and the ovary and uterus weights were measured. RESULTS: Early prepubertal exposure to BPA (10 and 100 mg/kg) significantly decreased body weight from PND 18 to 30. BPA treated mice at testing dose levels showed early opening of the vagina compared to the control group. The number of estrous cycle and days of estrus were significantly decreased in high dose (100 mg/kg) BPA treated mice. The ovary weight at PND 25 and 30 was significantly decreased in all BPA treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Early prepubertal exposure to BPA accelerated the onset of puberty but decreased reproductive parameters in female mice.
Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Beverages ; Body Weight ; Endocrine Disruptors ; Estrogens ; Estrous Cycle ; Estrus ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Organ Size ; Ovary ; Phenols ; Plastics ; Puberty ; Sesame Oil ; Uterus ; Vagina ; Weights and Measures

The present study compared the actigraphic indices between both wrist actigraphies (WATGs), and the sleep estimates between each WATG and nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) to assess their differences and consistencies. We studied 22 right-handed subjects (mean age 43.9+/-13.3 years, M:F=14:8) with untreated primary sleep disorders (primary insomnia=8, simple snorer=2, obstructive sleep apnea=12) undergone by overnight both WATGs and NPSG, simultaneously. Comparison and correlation were analyzed between right and left wrist actigraphic data. In the sleep estimates of both WATGs and NPSG, each WATG was compared and correlated with NPSG in sleep period time (SPT), total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), sleep efficiency (SE) and wake time (WT). Sleep indices between both WATGs showed significant positive correlations with no correlations in SL and fragmentation index (FI). There were no differences in sleep indices between both WATGs. SPTs of both WATGs, SL of left WATG, and TST of right WATG showed positively significant correlations, and SE of right WATG did negatively significant correlation in sleep indices between each WATG and NPSG. As each WATG was compared to PSG, SPTs of both WATGs and WT of right WATG were decreased, and TST and SE of right WATG and SL of left WATG were increased. Inconsistent SL and FI between both WATGs indicate that the activities between both WATGs can differentially happen during wake or arousal. Inconsistent sleep estimates between each WATG and NPSG may indicate the limited usefulness in measuring and analyzing one-night sleep by using WATG.
Arousal ; Functional Laterality ; Polysomnography* ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Wrist*

BACKGROUND: The relationship of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors with weight change over 4 years in Korean middle-aged group was assessed. METHODS: A total of 1,167 men, aged 40~59 years, were selected from the Health Promotion Center of Ulsan University Hospital during the period of Jan. 2000 through Mar. 2000. Including anthropometric measures, designed questionnaires were administered concern lifestyle behavior topics with cigarette smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, dairy product consumption and socioeconomic factors of monthly income and education. The subjects were divided into three groups by body mass index (BMI: kg/m(2)); normal (<23 kg/m(2)), overweight, and obesity (> or =25 kg/m(2)). After 4 years of follow-up, the men were classified into weight change categories; 1) stable weight group (from normal to normal, from overweight to overweight) and 2) weight gain group (from normal to overweight/obesity, from overweight to obesity). RESULTS: The weight gain group were 18.4% (n=215) and the stable overweight group were 81.6% (n=952). Adjusted for age, the frequency of dairy product consumption, the frequency of alcohol drinking, the regularity of exercise, education and monthly income, the smokers (> or =10/day) had significantly high incidence rates of increase in weight (odds ratio=1.77, 95% CI 1.07~2.90). The increased dairy consumers (> or =4/week) had significantly low incidence rates of increase in weight (odds ratio=0.43, 95% CI 0.20~0.93). Otherwise, there were no significant relationships in weight change. CONCLUSION: Smoking and decreased dairy product consumption were related to the increase in weight.
Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Dairy Products ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Style ; Male ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Weight Gain ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Propofol is a short-acting intravenous sedative-hynotic agent that can be used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. This study was perfomed to evaluate adequate dose requirements of propofol by injection during anesthesia induction, and to evaluate the induction technique by assessing induction dose, induction time, success rate of induction and hemodynamic effects. METHODS: Ninety healthy adult patients(ASA class I or II), scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly assigned to receive propofol 1 mg/kg(group I), 2 mg/kg(group II), and 3 mg/kg(group III) respectively as an induction agent. Mean arterial pressure(MAP) and heart rate(HR) were measured before the administration of propofol and just after successful induction. We determined the speed of injection as lasting 40 seconds. RESULTS: Success rate of induction in group I(30%) was lower than group II(100%) and III(100%). The induction time in group I(81s) was longer than group II(51s) and III(47s). The MAP were statistically significant difference among three groups(p<0.05 compared with before induction). In group III, the MAP was more decreased than group I and II and HR was more increased than group I and II. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that propofol in group II(2 mg/kg) is more desireable dose than group I(1 mg/kg) and group III(3 mg/kg) for induction of general anesthesia.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Propofol*

Buprenorphine is a semisynthetic, highly lipophilic opioid derived from thebaine and it is 30 to 40 times more potent than morphine. This study was performed to compare the clinical effects of epidural buprenorphine on postoperative pain control with those of epidural morphine in 150 cesarean deliveries. They were physical status 1 or 2 by ASA classification and randomly divided into three groups. They were administered morphine 3 mg in group I, buprenorphine 0.15 mg in group II and buprenorphine 0.3 mg in group III as first dose mixed with 0.25% bupivacaine 10 ml respectively through indwelling epidural catheter at the time of ligation of umbilical cord. Second and third doses were administered with 8 hours intervals, morphine 3 mg with N/S 10 ml was injected in group I and buprenorphine 0.15 mg with N/S 10 ml was injected in group II and III respectively. Their analgesic effects were evaluated by VAS and severity of side effects was also evaluated. The Results were as follows; 1) VAS was significantly increased in group II compared to group I and III(p<0.05). There was no significant difference between group I and III. 2) Pruritus was lesser in group II and III than group I(p<0.05). 3) There was no significant difference in nausea and vomiting. 4) None of patients had respiratory depression. The authors' findings indicate that epidural administration of buprenorphine of suitable dose may be useful in the treatment of postoperative pain.
Analgesia ; Bupivacaine ; Buprenorphine* ; Catheters ; Classification ; Humans ; Ligation ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Thebaine ; Umbilical Cord ; Vomiting