Epidemiological evidence suggests that human papillomavirus(HPV) infection is a high risk factor for the development of oral cancers. Many oncogenes, especially p53 suppressor gene, have a critical role of carcinogenesis in several human cancers including oral cancers. To investigate the prevalence of HPV infection and subtyping of high risk group(HPV-16, -18 and -33) HPV in oral cancers, the author studied 31 cases of squamous cell carcinomas arising from the oral cavity using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The author also demonstrated the overexpression of p53 oncoprotein in the oral cancers using immunohistochemical methods. The correlation between HPVs infection and p53 overexpression in tumorigenesis of the oral cancers was evaluated. 1. Twenty-one cases(66.7%) among 31 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas were positive for HPV-DNA. Among them, 16 cases were positive for HPV-16, 4 cases for HPV-18, and 2 cases for HPV-33. Two cases were coinfected with HPV-16 and HPV-18, and HPV-18 and HPV-33. 2. The prevalence of HPV infection appeared not correlated with tumor differentiation and clinical stages of oral squamous cell carcinomas. 3. The overexpression of p53 oncoprotein was present in 24 of 31 cases(77% ). In 21 HPV positive tumors 18 cases were positive for overexpression of p53 oncoprotein. Six cases were positive for p53 in ten HPV negative tumors. There was no correlation between HPV DNA detection rate and p53 overexpression. The above results suggest that HPV infection and p53 oncogene mutation play different roles in tumorigenesis of oral squamous cell carcinomas. No coexpression of p53 oncoprotein with HPV-DNA detection suggests that another etiologic mechanism other than HPV infection may be operative.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; DNA ; Genes, Suppressor ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Mouth* ; Oncogenes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Contact immunotherapy using diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) has been used in the treatment of alopecia and warts. DPCP seemed to be a promising agent for viral disease including molluscum contagiosum (MCI). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of DPCP immunotherapy on MC in children. METHODS: Twenty three patients with multiple lesion of MC were treated with DPCP immunotherapy. RESULTS: Twelve patients (52.2%) showed cure, and eleven patients (47.8%) showed treatment failure. No severe side effects were seen. CONCLUSION: DPCP immunotherapy may be an effective treatment in children with MC without serious side effects.
Alopecia ; Child ; Humans ; Immunotherapy* ; Molluscum Contagiosum* ; Treatment Failure ; Virus Diseases ; Warts

A coffee enema, which has been suggested as a part of cancer treatment, is a hazardous derivative of colon therapy and has been misused as a treatment for obesity and constipation among the general population. Its proponents claim that caffeine is absorbed in the colon and leads to vasodilatation in the liver, which in turn enhances the process of elimination of toxins. None of this is proven, nor is there any evidence for the clinical efficacy of coffee enemas. We experienced a patient who presented with abdominal pain and bloody stool after receiving a coffee enema to relieve constipation. We report this case of coffee-associated colitis with a review of the relevant literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Caffeine ; Coffee ; Colitis ; Colon ; Constipation ; Enema ; Humans ; Liver ; Obesity ; Vasodilation

Primary splenic tumors are rare and mainly found incidentally on radiologic studies. Among them, sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen is a new entity defined as a benign pathologic lesion. Most SANTs have no clinical symptoms and are occasionally accompanied by other splenic diseases such as malignancies. So, the exact diagnosis of the nature of the splenic tumor is mandatory for further treatment. But, preoperative diagnosis is not easy since it is difficult to obtain the tissue from the spleen for pathological study. Recently, laparoscopic splenectomy has become the more standard procedure for the spleen for diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report a rare case of SANT diagnosed following laparoscopic splenectomy.
Spleen ; Splenectomy ; Splenic Diseases

PURPOSE: Although percutaneous aspiration and sclerotherapy is a simple, noninvasive and cost-effective therapy for symptomatic renal cysts, the recurrence rate is high. Recently, a laparoscopy has been attempted on symptomatic renal cysts. To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of the laparoscopic cyst marsupialization, the clinical characteristics and operative parameters were evaluated, and compared with the results of sclerotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 1993 and February 2003, 71 patients with symptomatic simple renal cysts were treated with either laparoscopic marsupialization or sclerotherapy. Respectively, 26 of 31 laparoscopy patients and 27 of 40 sclerotherapy patients were followed-up over a 2 months period and included in this study. The laparoscopic marsupialization was accomplished with either transperitoneal (15 patients) or retroperitoneal approaches (11). The sclerotherapy was composed of percutaneous aspiration followed by an injection of 99% ethanol. RESULTS: The clinical characteristics, including cyst size, location and laterality, were no different in either group. The mean follow-up durations were 19.7 and 18.1 months in laparoscopy and sclerotherapy groups, respectively. Comparing the laparoscopy with the sclerotherapy group, the operation time (106.2 vs. 15.3 min.), hospital stay (7.8 vs. 4.6 days) and complication rate (23.1 vs. 3.7%) were significantly decreased in the sclerotherapy group. However, the success rate (96.2 vs. 77.8%) was significantly increased in the laparoscopy group. With either the transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approaches in the laparoscopy group, there was no statistical difference in the operative time, hospital stay and complication and success rates. CONCLUSIONS: For a symptomatic renal cyst, laparoscopic marsupialization is an effective therapy, with a high success rate on the long-term follow-up. The clinical results, according to the approach method, were not different for the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches.
Ethanol ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Recurrence ; Sclerotherapy*

The size of spinal canal is mesured to detect the lumbar spinal stenosis syndrome and expanding intraspinaltumors by CT. This study was desinged for taking accurate measurement of the normal lumbar spinal canal in Koreanadults. The anteroposterior diameter, interpediculate distance and cross-sectional area of lumbar spinal canalwere measured in 110 normal adults. The results were as follows; 1. The window center that showed identical valueconsistent with actual measurement of phantom was between + 160HU and + 240HU and the window width was below +300HU. 2. In anteroposterio diameter, upper part of the canal was larger value than that of middle and lowerparts, but in interpediculate distance, lower part of the canal revealed larger value than that of upper andmiddle parts. There was no significant difference in cross-sectional area. 3. All measurements male were largerthan those of female at all levels of the spinal canal and 42 measurements(58%) were significant statisstically.4. Compared with Americans, Korean showed lower value in anteriopsterior diameter and cross-sectional area buthigher value in interpediculate distance. 5. Above results should contribute to making an another criteria fordiagnosing the lumbar spinal stenosis in Koreans.
Adult ; Asian Americans ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis

Background: According to blood management law, serology and nucleic acid testing (NAT) are performed for HIV, HBV, HCV, and others as blood screening tests in Korea. The blood screening tests for HIV, HBV, and HCV have substantially improved transfusion safety. The blood screening results of one blood center were investigated because there is little domestic data available on screening tests. Methods: The blood donation records and screening tests results of a supplying blood center were analyzed retrospectively from January 2011 to December 2020 in Korea. Annual first-time donation numbers, sex, and age distribution of donors were investigated during 10 years. The positivity of ALT, HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV antibody testing and the positive cases of HIV, HCV, and HBV NAT were inquired. Results: For 10 years, the blood center has collected 1,896,392 units of blood, and male donation was 1,239,873 units, which was 65.38% of total blood donation. ALT abnormal blood units were 2.06% in 2011, 2.14% in 2013, and 0.81% in 2019. The donor screening test showed HBsAg 0.03%, anti-HCV 0.02%, and anti-HIV 0.06% positivity at 2020. NAT yield cases were three with HIV, two with HCV, and 260 with HBV for 10 years. Conclusion The positivity of serology screening tests of the Hanmaeum blood center showed a decreasing trend, and the transfusion of nucleic acid positive but serologically negative blood could be prevented by performing NAT.

No abstract available.
Lymphoma*

BACKGROUND: TEL (ETV6)/AML1 (RUNX1) rearrangement is observed in approximately 20-25% of childhood precursor B-ALL and is associated with a favorable outcome. Additional genetic changes, associated with TEL/AML1, are frequently found. We evaluated the prevalence and prognostic significance of TEL/AML1 rearrangement and additional genetic changes in the TEL and AML1 genes in Korean childhood precursor B-ALL. METHODS: We performed FISH using LSITEL/AML1 ES probe (Vysis, USA) in 123 children diagnosed as having precursor B-ALL and assessed clinical relevance of the TEL/AML1 rearrangement and additional genetic abnormalities. RESULTS: The frequency of TEL/AML1 was 17.1% (21/123) in patients with precursor B-ALL. TEL/ AML1-positive group showed male predominance (P=0.012) and younger age of onset than TEL/ AML1-negative group by 1.6 yr (P=0.013). The outcome of TEL/AML1-positive group tended to show lower incidences of relapse (1/21 vs 20/102), death (1/21 vs 17/102) and longer event free survival. Among TEL/AML1-positive patients, unrearranged TEL deletion, AML1 gain, and unrearranged TEL deletion combined with AML1 gain were detected in 61.9%, 23.8%, and 9.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the clinical features and outcome according to the presence or absence of additional genetic changes. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of TEL/AML1 and additional genetic changes in TEL and AML1 is higher than previous studies in Korean children, and in close agreement with usually reported one, 20-25%. TEL/AML1-positive group showed a tendency toward better prognosis. Further study is needed to clarify the prognostic significance of additional changes in TEL and AML1 based on a large sample size.
Age Factors ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/*genetics ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*genetics/mortality ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/*genetics ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Survival Rate ; *Translocation, Genetic

BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet antibody test is the most important tool for the diagnosis of immune mediated thrombocytopenia. But antiplatelet antibody can occur in various diseases and the detection rates of antiplatelet antibody differ among investigators. In this study we investigated the prevalence of antiplatelet antibody in thrombocytopenic patients with various clinical conditions and analyzed the clinical significance of antiplatelet antibody in thrombocytopenia. METHODS: We tested 130 thrombocytopenic patients from 1999 January to 2000 October. The clinical diagnosis of the patients were 30 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 12 hematological diseases, 29 sepsis, 17 liver diseases, 11 pregnancy, 8 solid tumor, 2 malaria and 21 unclassified disorders. Antiplatelet antibody was detected by means of indirect immunofluorescence test. RESULTS: Antiplatelet antibody was detected in 6.2% of total patients (8/130) ; ITP 10% (3/30), malaria infection 50%(1/2), sepsis 3.5%(1/29), liver diseases 5.9%(1/17), solid tumors 12.5%(1/8), other unclassified disorders 4.8%(1/21). Antiplatelet antibody was negative in three drug induced thrombocytopenic patients. CONCLUSIONS: The positive rate of indirect immunofluorescent antiplatelet antibody was unexpectedly low in immune mediated thrombocytopenia. The positive results of non-immune mediated thrombocytopenia may be related to various conditions such as past platelet transfusions.
Diagnosis ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Malaria ; Platelet Transfusion ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Research Personnel ; Sepsis ; Thrombocytopenia