Objective To investigate the changes of microelement in curde and calcined pyritum, and approach the process mechanism of pyritum. Methods The crude and calcined pyritum were extracted in water decocting. Subsequently, the content of ten elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) and compared. Results After being calcined, the content of Pb in pyritum decreased, while the content of the other nine elements investigated all increased in different degrees. Conclision After being calcined, the content of ten elements in pyritum changed largely.

Objective To evaluate the effects of nucleoside/nucleotide analogue treatment on immunoglobulin and complement in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsA total of 157 CHB patients were recruited and divided into CHB group,liver cirrhosis (LC) group and severe hepatitis B (SHB) group.There were 50 patients who received oral antiviral treatment (lamivudine 100 mg/d,or entecavir 0.5 mg/d,or telbivudine 600 mg/d).Serum levels of complement 3 and 4 (C3,C4),C-reaction protein (CRP),hemolytic complement (CH50),immunoglobulin G,M,A (IgG,IgM,IgA),hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunoturbidimetry.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before and 1,2,3 and 4 weeks after nucleoside antiviral therapy.Comparison of means was done by t test and Mann-Whitney test.The correlation was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient test.ResultsSerum IgA and IgM levels of SHB and LC patients were significantly higher than those of CHB patients (P＜0.01).Levels of C3,C4,CH50 and CRP were significantly different among three groups.Levels of C3,IgM,IgG and HBV DNA in HBeAg positive patients were significantly different from those in HBeAg negative patients.There was a statistically significant difference of IgA,IgM,C3 and CH50 levels between patients with high HBV DNA level and low HBV DNA level in HBeAg-positive patients.While in the HBeAg-negative patients,only the IgA level was significantly different with HBV DNA levels.After anti-viral treatment,immunoglobulin and HBV DNA levels were all decreased in three groups,while the serum complement level was increased compared to baseline,and the differences became significant at week 4 of treatment. HBV DNA level was negatively correlated with C3 (r=-0.78,P=0.021) and HBeAg titer was positively correlated with C3 (r=0.87,P=0.015).ConclusionsThe immunoglobulin,CRP,C3,C4,and C H50 could reflect the inflammatory activity in liver.The changes of C3 level can predict the efficacy of antiviral therapy.

Objective: To investigate the impairment status of vestibular and limb peripheral nerve of patients with auditory neuropathy, improve the understanding of auditory neuropathy in general. Method: Vestibular function tests and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) examinatoin were performed on 28 young patients with auditory neuropathy which confirmed by clinical auditory tests diagnosis from March 1999 to November 2000. There were 14 males and 14 females, ranging in age from 22 to 28 years old. Results: Vestibular dysfunction was encountered in 22 of 28 (78.57%) suffering from auditory neuropathy. Limb peripheral nerve impairment was found in 11 of 28 patients (39.29%) of auditory neuropathy. The caloric responses were normal symmetric responses in 6 of 28 (21.43%,6/28), and weaken bilaterally in 20 of 28 (71.43%,20/28)respectively. On the NCV examination, both motor conduction velocity (MVC) and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) were normal in 17 (60.71%,17/28), abnormal in 4 (14.29%,4/28). Four cases showed abnormal MCV and SCV. And pure MCV abnormality and pure SCV abnormality were found on 4 and 3 cases respectively. Conclusion: The pathological process affecting the auditory nerve may also affect the vestibular nerve and other peripheral nerve. This seemed possible in view of fact that auditory neuropathy may affect one nerve (mononeuropathy) or multiple nerves (polyneuropathy).

Objective To investigate the susceptibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during induction toward hepatocyte and the role of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in BMSC HBV infection. Methods BMSC obtained from hepatitis B patients were tested for HBV infection and then cultured with HBV infectious serum in vitro and induced to differentiate into hepatocyte through exposure to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor-4(FGF-4), and epidermal growth factor(EGF). Subsequently these cells were determined for the presence of hepatitis B virus e antigen( HBeAg), hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg) and ASGPR. All experiments were repeated for 3 times in 5 different samples. The results were analyzed by non-parametric test. Results After 6 days of exposure, BMSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells expressed hepatic special genes and proteins, including alpha fetoprotein(AFP),cytokeratin18 (CK18), albumin (Alb), and manifested hepatocyte functions, including glycogen synthesis, urea secretion and albumin synthesis. Expressions of CK18 and Alb were increased, and AFP was decreased with time of induction. The BMSC were resistant to HBV infection both in vitro and in vivo or after induction toward hepatocyte. ASGPR expression level was low in BMSC, which was increased in the induced BMSC but still lower than that of the control HepG2 cells. Conclusions BMSC are resistant to HBV infection both in vitro and in vivo. The low level expression of ASGPR may be a reason for this.

A novel amplifier system was proposed for low-noise recording of pico-ampere current in nanopore experiment (<100 pA). As an example, the amplifier system was applied in α-hemolysin based nanopore detection of DNA-PEG-DNA conjugate to record the signals of translocation and bumping events in buffer solution (1 mol/L KCl, 10 mmol/L Tris--HCl, 1 mmol/L EDTA and pH=8. 0). The amplified current signal was filtered by a 3 kHz Bessel filter and sampled by a 100 kHz analog-digital convertor. As a result, the presented amplifier system could lower the noise in recording the current. The current blockages (<10 pA) of single molecules with low amplitude were recovered due to the high signal-to-noise ratio.

In order to solve the problem of selection and in vivo delivery problem in siRNA treatment, hepatitis B virus (HBV) HBx gene which could be targeted by siRNA was studied. The siRNA expression plasmid which specific inhibits HBx expression was obtained by in vitro selection via a dual-luciferase plasmid including HBx-Fluc fusion protein expression domain. The selected siRNA expression plasmid was then encapsulated in PEG-modified cationic liposome, which was devoted into pharmacodynamic studies at both cellular and animal level. The results illustrated that the cationic liposome which encapsulated siRNA expression plasmid could effectively inhibit HBx gene expression both in vitro and in vivo.

Objective:To explore the effects of LncRNA HCG18 on endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy via regulating miR-185-5p/AGER axis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) .Methods:The kidney tissues of patients with DN were collected and the podocyte injury model induced by high glucose (HG) was established. The expression of HCG18 in renal tissue in DN patients and cell model was detected. The localization and expression of HCG18 in cells were determined. The regulatory relationship between HCG18 and miR-185-5p, miR-185-5p and AGER was testified. QRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress related factors (CHOP, XBP1) and autophagy related factors (Beclin-1, p62) .Results:Compared with non-DN patients, HCG18 was overexpressed in renal tissue of DN patients ( P<0.05) . Compared with normal glucose (NG) group, mRNA and protein expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress related factors (CHOP, XBP1) were overexpressed but mRNA and protein expression of autophagy related factors Beclin-1 were inhibited, p62 mRNA and protein expression were increased (all P<0.05) . HCG18 regulated the miR-185-5p/AGER axis and played a biological role. Knocking down of HCG18 reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress, activated autophagy and reduced podocyte injury, but this effect can be partially reversed by miR-185-5p inhibitors. Conclusion:HCG18 regulates the miR-185-5p/AGER signal axis and promotes DN progression through regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.

Through his long-term acupuncture-moxibustion teaching and academic research, professor LI Ding from Shanghai University of TCM had conducted a profound research on the theory of the eight extra meridians, named Governor Vessel, Conception Vessel, Thoroughfare Vessel, Belt Vessel, Link Vessels and Heel Vessels, as well as their relationship with the regular meridians. He rectified the miss-understanding on the courses of Governor Vessel and Conception Vessel determined by the ancient medical masters, and had a further analysis on some different views, such as the running course of Governor Vessel and the flowing direction of meridian qi in Governor Vessel and Conception Vessel. He proposed that the nutrient qi flew up to down in Governor Vessel and down to up in Conception Vessel. His research and discovery much perfected the theory of the eight extra meridians and provided a significant instruction for the research on the eight extra meridians in the later generations.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Teaching

Objective To construct recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 and investigate its im-muno-boosting effect of the mice primed with the experimental DNA vaccine against Coxsackievirus infection. Methods The recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 was constructed and packaged. The Western blot analysis was used to verify the target protein. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: Ad/MDC-VP1 group, pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 group, pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 prime-Ad/MDC-VP1 boost group and PBS group. The mice in each group were immunized intramuscularly. The titers of serum IgG and neutralizing antibody were tested by ELISA and trace neutralization assay, respectively. The lymphocytes proliferation activity and specific CTL cytotoxic activity were tested by CCK-8 assay. The mice in each group were challenged with le-thal dose of Coxsackievirus, and the assay of the serum virus titers and the observation of protection efficacy against Coxsackievirus infection were carried out. Results The recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 was successfully constructed and the target protein was expressed. It was observed that the titers of CVB3 VP1 specific antibody, lymphocyte stimulation index, CTL cytotoxicity activities and protection rate of the pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 prime-Ad/MDC-VP1 boost group were much higher than those of the rest groups( P < 0.05), and the titer of serum virus was lower after CVB3 challenged ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Both the cellular and humoral immune responses in mice could been significantly enhanced by the pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 prime-Ad/MDC-VP1 boost strategy.

Objective To compare the immune effects of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) capsid protein VP1 expressed bacterially, recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP1 and recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/VP1which express VP1 protein in mice. Methods After expressed in prokaryotic cells, VP1 protein was purified. Recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP1 and recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/VP1 were amplified and extracted. Six to 8-week-old, male BALB/c mice were divided into four groups randomly. Each group contained 18 mice. The mice of pcDNA3/VP1 group or VP1 protein group were immunized intramuscularly with three injections at three weeks apart, of recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/VP1 at a dose of 100 μg/mouse or recombinant protein VP1 at a dose of 50 μg/mouse. The mice of rAd/VP1 group were immunized intramuscularly twice at two weeks interval with rAd/VP1 at a dose of 1.2 × 107 PFU. The control group was mock-immunized with 100 μl of PBS intramuscularly. Mice were bled from the retroorbital sinus plexus every two weeks after each immunization. ELISA and micro-neutralization test were used to detect levels of CVB3-specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers in the sera of immunized mice. Three weeks after the last immunization, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) killing activity of spleen lymphocytes was detected with CCK-8 assay. Subsequently, virus titers in the sera of immunized mice were determined by the 50% cell culture infective dose( CCID50 ) assay on HeLa cell monolayers and percentage of animals surviving were observed after lethal CVB3 attack over a period of 21 days. Results The titers of specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody in sera of VP1 protein immunized mice were higher than other groups( P ＜0.05 ). While CTL killing activity of spleen lymphocytes of VP1 protein immunized mice was lower than mice in rAd/VP1 group( P ＜0. 05). Virus titers in sera of VP1 protein immunized mice were lower than the mice in pcDNA3/VP1 or rAd/VP1 groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ), while survival rate was significantly higher than these two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion VP1 protein induced higher level of humoral immune response and acquired obvious immune protection effects in mice. The immunizing potency of VP1 protein vaccine surpassed plasmid pcDNA3/VP1or recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP1. It appeared to be a promising candidate among the three different vaccines.