Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effects of acarbose and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus's choice of the January 2015 to March 2017 in our hospital, the patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group was treated with metformin, acarbose treatment in observation group; the two groups before and after treatment of blood glucose control, the adverse reaction condition of comprehensive observation, will be granted the relevant data recorded and analyzed. Results Patients with fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin improvement than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); two groups of patients with adverse reaction rate comparison, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Patients with type 2 diabetes choose acarbose treatment effect significantly, can effectively improve the patients fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, clinical symptoms of patients can be improved, low incidence of adverse reactions.

AIM:To compare the accuracy of conventional contact A-scan and IOL Master in measuring axial length and anterior chamber depth, and to evaluate the characteristics of these two different methods.METHODS:Totally 145 cases (189 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were observed prospectively.They were divided into five groups according to ocular axial length measured by IOL Master(Group A:AL≤22mm, Group B:22mm28mm).The axial length and anterior chamber depth were measured by A-scan and IOL Master respectively before operation, corneal curvature was measured by IOL Master.AL≤22mm using Hoffer Q formula to calculate the crystal degree, AL>22mm using Haigis formula to calculate the crystal degree.Analysis of axial length, anterior chamber depth and mean absolute refractive error at 3mo after surgery.RESULTS:The axial length measured by A-scan and IOL-master:Group A were 21.48±0.41mm and 21.46±0.40mm (P>0.05);Group B were 23.13±0.62mm and 23.14±0.63mm(P>0.05);Group C were 25.24±0.56mm and 25.27±0.59mm(P>0.05);Group D were 26.97±0.59mm and 27.03±0.64mm(P>0.05);Group E were 30.76±1.40mm and 31.01±1.53mm(P<0.05).Mean absolute refractive error (MAE) at 3mo after surgery by A-scan and IOL Master:Group A were 0.50±0.30D and 0.43±0.27D(P>0.05);Group B were 0.48±0.34D and 0.45±0.32D(P>0.05);Group C were 0.56±0.32D and 0.49±0.40D(P>0.05);Group D were 0.64±0.16D and 0.50±0.22D(P>0.05);Group E were 0.91±0.47D and 0.62±0.29D(P<0.05), MAE≤±0.50D were 38.7% and 65%(P<0.05), MAE≤±1.00D were 69.2% and 83.3%(P>0.05).Anterior chamber depth measured by A-scan and IOL Master:Group A were 2.81±0.35mm and 2.82±0.41mm (P>0.05);Group B were 3.04±0.50mm and3.10±0.47mm (P>0.05);Group C were 3.55±0.62mm and 3.60±0.52mm (P>0.05);Group D were 3.42±0.24mm and 3.51±0.30mm(P>0.05);Group E were 3.50±0.28mm and 3.61±0.34mm(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:IOL Master and contact A-scan have a high degree of consistency in the biological measurement, IOL Master has higher accuracy for patients with high myopia and long axis.It is a simple, accurate, good-repeatable and non-contact measurement tool.

OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effects of sodium magnesium fructose diphosphate(FDPM)on brain damage induced by ischemiareperfusion in rats.METHODS:Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced by inserting a nylon thread into internal carotid artery to block the origin of middle cerebral artery and removing the thread for recirculation.After1h ischemia,FDPM(400mg/kg),fructose-1,6-diphosphate(FDP,400mg/kg)or magnesium sulfate(MgSO 4 ,30mg/kg)was administrated10min after the onset of ischemia.Neurological scale was scored after1h ischemia and after2h,5h and23h recirculation,and infarction area,MDA content and histopathological change of brain tissue were studied after1h ischemia and after23h recirculation.RESULTS:Compared with model group,400mg/kg FDPM decreased neurological scale,diminished infarction area,reduced MDA content and relieved pathomorphological changes of brain tissue subjected to ischemia-reperfusion in rats.These effects were more powerful than those of FDP(400mg/kg)or MgSO 4 (30mg/kg).CONCL_ USION:FDPM(400mg/kg)could markedly prevent rats from brain damage after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and its effects were more potent than those of FDP(400mg/kg)or MgSO 4 (30mg/kg).

Background: It is reported that 30% to 80% schizophrenia patients suffered from hypersalivation when taking clozapine. Some investigations of the use of formulas of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat clozapine-induced hypersalivation suggested their potential treatment effects. In these formulas, Suoquan Pill (SQP) and Wuling Powder (WLP) were suggested to have therapeutic effects in improving clozapine-induced hypersalivation. Methods and design: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study will be conducted to test the therapeutic effects of SQP and WLP in relieving hypersalivation in patients taking clozapine. A total of 45 patients will be enrolled into this study with 15 in each treatment group. Patients will receive medication according to their assigned group. Either SQP 10 g per oral dose twice daily, WLP 10 g per oral dose twice daily or placebo powder 10 g per oral dose twice daily will be prescribed to the patients for 8 weeks. The Drooling Severity Scale, Nocturnal Hypersalivation Rating Scale and sialoscintigraphy will be used as the primary outcome measures; the Clinical Global Impressions Severity, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, the Simpson-Angus Scale and the TCM constitutional scale will be used as the secondary outcome measures Discussion: It is hypothesized that SQP and WLP will have a beneficial effect in controlling clozapine-induced hypersalivation symptoms. It may also improve the life quality of psychotic patients by improving their mental status. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01045720).

Objective To establish a sensitive,valid and rapid high performance liquid chromatography-trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method for determining carbocisteine concentration in human plasma. Methods Plasma samples were pretreated by 100 mL/L perchloric acid to remove the interference protein. The supernatant was separated by reverse phase HPLC,electrospray MS was used to detect carbocisteine in plasma samples,and selective ion method of multiple reaction modes was used to determine the concentration of carbocisteine. Results The limit of detection was 0.01 ?g/mL and the linear range was 0.2-200.0 ?g/mL. The recovery rate was within the range of 89.2%-105.6%. Conclusion The proposed method could be used to determine carbocisteine in biological samples.

The 2015 outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in the Republic of Korea is the largest outbreak outside the Middle East since MERS was discovered in 2012. Its origin was a single imported case after the patient travelled to endemic countries.

ObjectiveTo study the imaging characteristics of SPN of adenocarcinoma (ASPNs) on 18F-FDG PET/CT.MethodsThe morphological and metabolic features of 35 ASPNs on FDG PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed.SUVmax (SUV) was measured and ΔSUVmax was calculated according to ΔSUVmax =(SUVmax on delay imaging - SUVmax on early imaging)/SUVmax on early imaging × 100％.Statistical analysis was performed by software SPSS 11.5 using t-test,analysis of variance and Fisher exact test.Results( 1 ) Fifteen ASPNs (42.86％,15/35) presented as nodular pattern on FDG PET imaging,while 20 (57.14％,20/35) as lamellar,cloudy or ill-defined patterns.The SUVmax of these ASPNs followed a descending order of nodular,lamellar,cloudy and ill:defined on both early and delay imaging (F =30.696 and 24.758,both P＜0.001).(2)There were 54.29％ (19/35) ASPNs with SUVmax ≥2.5 and 45.71％ (16/35) ASPNs with SUVmax ＜2.5.(3) Of 35 ASPNs,24(68.57％ ) were solid nodules and 11(31.43％) were ground glass nodules with SUVmax =4.54 ±2.69 and 1.30±0.87,respectively (t =-5.234,P ＜O.001 ).(4) The SUVmax of ASPNs on delay FDG imaging (4.22 ±3.52) was significantly higher than that on early imaging (3.49 ±2.72) (t =-4.021,P ＜0.001 ).However,SUVmax was dependent on SUVmax on the early imaging:when SUVmax ≥2.5,ΔSUVmax was positive in 94.74％ (18/19) of ASPNs; while SUVmax ＜2.5,ΔSUVmax was positive in 56.25％ (9/16) of ASPNs (P =0.013).(5) Of 31 ASPNs with cell differentiation data,there were 10/17 well-differentiated ASPNs and 13/14 poorly-differentiated ASPNs with positive ΔSUVmax ( P =0.045 ).The average SUVmax of well-differentiated ASPNs was significantly lower than that of poorly-differentiated ASPNs ( 1.70 ± 1.51 vs 4.91 ± 2.69,t =- 3.951,P ＜ 0.001 ).Conclusions The morphological and metabolic features of ASPNs are diversified.It is common for ASPN to present with SUVmax ＜ 2.5.ΔSUVmax may be helpful for differentiating malignant from benign SPNs.

Background The construction of tissue-engineered corneal endothelium and corneal endothelial cells (CECs) therapy need abundant seed cells,so how to culture a large amount of CECs with high viability and original cell properties is an urgent issue to be solved.Objective This study was to establish three-dimensional spheroid culture of CECs and explore the cellular biological characteristics.Methods Primary rabbit CECs were isolated with trypsin and subcultured.Low attachment and shaking culture was applied to form CECs spheres.Cultured cells were identified under the inverted microscope.The surface features of the cells were examined under the scanning electron microscope.The viability of the cells were assayed by acridine orange (AO) staining and CCK-8 kit.Then CECs spheres were incubated to 6-well plate for 1 week,and immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Na+/K+-ATPase in the cells.The cell proliferation value of spheroid culture method was compared with that of regular culture method.Results CECs grew into aggregation after cultured with the hexagonal or polygonal shape and tight connection among the cells.The cells converged into single layer and slabstone-like arrangement 1 week later.Cells migrated out of the CECs sphere and formed an uneven spherical surface.The living cells showed green fluorescence for AO with the survival rate 90％.The absorbance (A450) of the cells was 1.524±0.013 and 1.265 ±0.021 in the spherical culture group and conventional culture group,respectively,showing a significant difference between them (t =-3.436,P=0.010).The positive cells of ZO-1 and Na+/K+-ATPase showed the green fluorescence for FITC on cell membrane and blue fluorescence for DAPI on cell nucleus.Conclusions Spherical culture method maintains a high viability and proliferation ability of the cells and remains phenotype of CECs,which is superior to conventional culture method.This culture method provides better seeding CECs for the establishment of tissue engineering cornea endothelial layer and CECs therapy.

Antipsychotic Agents ; poisoning ; Clozapine ; blood ; poisoning ; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood ; methods ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Objective In order to know the effect of heating infusion for premature infants to pro-mote their restoration of physiological function. Methods Divided 160 premature infants who need infu-sion into the experimental group and the control group randomly, there were 80 cases in each group. Normal temperature infusion was used in the control group, while heating infusion was used in the experimental group, compared the body temperature, pluse, respiration, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and the blood ghcose between the two groups. Results There were significant difference about the indexes which had mentioned above between the two groups. Conclusions Heating infusion can effective promote the reha-bilitation of physiological function of premature infants.