No abstract available.

Double contrast arthrography has been widely accepted as a method to diagnose the internal derangement of the knee. It is a safe and technically simple procedure permitting accurate diagnosis of lesions of the menisci. In 20 cases operated upon, with the diagnosis of internal derangement of the knee, we performed double contrast arthrography before surgery. We analysed the cases concerning the diagnostic accuracy of arthrography, its clinical significance and discrepancies between arthrographic findings and postoperative lesions. The results were as follows: 1. The cases consisted of 16 cases of meniscal lesion, 4 cases of ligamentous lesion and 3 cases of loose body. 2. In the meniscal lesions, 14 of the 16 cases (87.5%) were diagnosed accurately by arthrography, Therefore arthrography was more useful in diagnosing meniscal lesions as compared with clincal symptoms (69%). 3. In cases of ligamentous lesions arthrography was not significant-ly helfpful, in contrast clinical signs afforded important clues. 4. We encountered 1 case of false positive and 1 case of false negative.
Arthrography ; Diagnosis ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Methods

The present study was deigned to elucidate the effects of the Co-60 gamma irradiation and/or calcium-deficient diet on the periodental tissue formation in rat pups. The pregnant three-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. The experimental groups was divided into two groups, irradiation/normal diet group(Group 2) and irradiation/calcium-dificient diet group(Group 1). The abdoment of the rats at the 19th day of pregnancy were irradiated with single absorbed dose of 350 cGy. The rats pups were sacrificed on the 14th day after delivery, and the maxillae including molar tooth sections for light and trasmission electron microscopy. Some of tissue sections for light microscopy were stained immunohistochemically with anti-fibronectin antibodies. The results were as follows ; 1. In the periodontal ligament forming area, the fibroblasts of Group 2 showed irregular arrangement and low activity. The immunoreactivity between the fibroblasts and collagen fibers was decreased, compared with Group 1. The fibroblasts of Group 3 showed atrophic change and clumped nucleus. The collagen fibers showed cystic change and low immunoreactivity to the fibronetin. 2. In the cementum forming area, the cementoblasts of Group 2 showed decrease of number and atrophic change. The cementoblasts of Group 3 showed edematous change, atrophy of cytoplasm, and clumping of nucleus. 3. In the alveolar bone forming area, the bone of Group 2 was thin and various degree of immunoreactivity to the osteonectin, Group 3 showed edematous osteoblasts, fibrous degeneration of bone marrow, and weak immunoreactivity tothe osteonectin.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Atrophy ; Bone Marrow ; Collagen ; Cytoplasm ; Dental Cementum ; Diet* ; Fibroblasts ; Maxilla ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molar ; Osteoblasts ; Osteonectin ; Periodontal Ligament ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tooth

Nodular glomerulosclerosis was first described by Kimmelstiel and Wilson in 1936. Diabetic retinopathy and nephropath y are manifestation of the microangiopathy associated with diabetes. The severity of diabetic nephropathy and the occurrence of retinopathy correlate with the duration of clinical diabetes. However, there have been few reports of patients presents presenting with the classic lesions of diabetic microangiopathy in the absence of a known history of diabetes. These reports raise questions regarding the relationship and significance of carbohydrate intolerance to these pathologic abnormalities. A 34-year-old male patient clinically characterized by massive proteinuria and hypertension without evidence of systemic disease is reported. Renal biopsy showed the nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion) characteristic of diabetes. Direct opthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography demonstrated a picture of advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The patient had no history of diabetes mellitus and upon testing had normal glucose values in response to an oral glucose tolerance test. It is concluded that the nodular glomerulosclerosis lesions and proliferative retinopathy, thought to be specific for diabetes mellitus, may present in the absence of either overt clinical diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Proteinuria

Vertebroplasty (VP) is a well-known therapeutic modality used to treat pain associated with vertebral compression fractures. Major complications such as cord or root compression, epidural and subdural hematomas (SDH) and pulmonary emboli, occur in less than 1% of patients who undergo VP after compression fracture. Spinal SDH is an extremely rare complication that usually happens a few hours after the procedure. We report a case of spinal SDH that developed at two weeks after a successful VP. We also reviewed related literatures and discussed its possible pathogenesis.
Fractures, Compression ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hematoma, Subdural, Spinal ; Humans ; Spine ; Vertebroplasty

Severe segmental renal atrophy with loss of parenchymal elements in small kidney is commonly known as segmental hypoplasia. Since the original description in 1929 by Ask-Upmark, the association of hypertension with congenital renal hypoplasis has been well established and there have been several reports. But there was no reported case in Korea. The diseases commonly recognized after the age of 10 years, although a single case report of Ask-Upmark kidney had been reported in a 13 month old boy, who may be the youngest. But our case is 3 month old boy, who was died because of renal failure inspite of adequate treament including peritoneal dialysis.
Atrophy ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Male ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency

BACKGROUND: Making the distinction between large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is difficult in some samples of biopsy tissues, but we have to separate LCNEC from SCLC because the two types of cancer may need different therapy and they have different prognostic implications. Thus far, there are no specific immunohistochemical markers that allow distinguishing these two kinds of tumors. METHODS: We performed an immunohistochemical analysis to study the expressions of p63, Bcl-2, and 34betaE12 and to investigate whether these 3 molecules have correlations in LCNEC and SCLC. We also evaluated the expression of the neuroendocrine markers chromogranin, synaptophysin and CD56. RESULTS: A statistical analysis was performed for p63, Bcl-2, and 34betaE12 in separate and combined panels. According to the combinations of p63, Bcl-2, and 34betaE12, there were frequent expressions of p63-/Bcl-2+ or Bcl-2+/34betaE12- in the SCLC, and there was a superior proportion of them in the SCLC rather than that in the LCNEC. The p63-/Bcl-2+ and Bcl-2+/34betaE12- antibody combinations showed higher specificities compared to any single antibody for diagnosing SCLC. CONCLUSIONS: Bcl-2 and selective p63 or 34betaE12 made up a most useful panel of markers for making the differential diagnosis of LCNEC and SCLC.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Synaptophysin

Twelve patients with ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension underwent lung biopsy to assess pulmonary obstructive vascular disease at the time of open heart surgery. According to the Heath and Edwards classification in grading of Pulmonary obstructive vasculr disease, there are eleven cases in grade 1 and one case in grade 3. Thickness of media was measured. It was expressed as percentage of medial thickness to outer diameter of artery. The medial thickness was correlated proportionally with elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic resistance ratio. In tolazoline test performed in 4 cases, one patients who had pulmonary obstructive vascular disease, had no change of pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic vascular resistance after intravenous injection of tolazoline during cardiac catheterization, but Rp/Rs of three cases was decreased significantly.
Arterial Pressure ; Arteries ; Biopsy ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Classification ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lung ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Thoracic Surgery ; Tolazoline ; Vascular Diseases ; Vascular Resistance

OBJECTIVE: Anterior abdominal wall defects are classified into three basic types: omphalocele, gastroschisis and bodystalk anomaly. Its incidence and prognosis are different according to each type of anomaly. We aimed at investigating its demographic characteristics and risk factors. METHODS: From Jan. 1996 to Jun. 2002, 20 cases of anterior abdominal wall defects were diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography and all ultrasonographic findings and delivery records were reviewed. RESULTS: We had experienced 13 cases of omphalocele, 5 cases of gastroschisis and 2 cases of bodystalk anomaly. Mean maternal age was 29.9 (+/-5.5) years in omphalocele, 25.6 ( +/- 1.7) in gastroschiss, 32 ( +/- 4.2) in bodystalk anomaly. The median gestational weeks at the time of diagnosis was 17.6 for omphalocele, 20 for gastroschisis, 14.5 for bodystalk anomaly. Live born cases were 3 in omphalocele, 1 in gastroschisis and none in bodystalk anomaly. Of the 13 cases of chromosomal analyses, there was one case of trisomy 18 in omphalocele. Multiple anomalies were found in all bodystalk anomalies including kyphoscoliosis, facial defect, central nervous system defects. 54% of associated anomalies were found in omphalocele and no associated anomaly in gastroschisis. CONCLUSION: Omphaloceles were most frequently detected in abdominal wall defects and the gastroschisises were the next. Our results suggested that the pathogenesis of anterior abdominal wall defect might be different one another, but we could not find out definite risk factors for the individual type of defect.
Abdominal Wall* ; Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Gastroschisis ; Hernia, Umbilical ; Incidence ; Maternal Age ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Trisomy ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

BACKGROUND: The fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation, is almost always caused by abnormal CGG trinucleotide amplication within the FMR1(fragile X mental retardation) gene located in Xq27.3 METHODS: DNA samples were obtained from the amniotic fluids of known carrier mother and 35 mothers without risk factors of the fragile X syndrome. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Southern blot analysis were performed to evaluate the number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. RESULTS: The DNA samples from the carrier mother gave a large fragment over 300 repeats by PCR. All 35 control samples showed fragments sized under 35 repeats. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal diagnosis of the fragile X syndrome could be done with mid-trimester amniotic fluid using PCR and Southern blot method.
Amniotic Fluid* ; Blotting, Southern ; DNA* ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome* ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Mothers ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Risk Factors