0.05),but in ages(P

BACKGROUND:Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)may produce lactic acid and glycolic acid when PLGA degrades,thus leading to the acid accumulation and inducing the inflammatory reaction locally.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of lysine,histidine and arginine on regulating the acid accumulation of PLGA copolymer during the degradation.DESIGN:Repeated measurement and experiment.TIME AND SETTING:The experiments were performed in the College of Bioengineering.Chongqing University from July 2006 to August 2007.MATERIALS:PILGA(80:20)was produced by Sigma(USA);Lysine,histidine and arginine(purlty>99%)were purchased from Sigma(USA);Chitosan(deacetylation degree:85%)was purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory;Algin(viscosity:1.05-1.15)was purchased from Tianiin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory.METHODS:Lysine,histidine and arginine were added into PLGA with the proportion of 5%(w/v)and 10%(w/v)respectively.The resultant film sample was put into a bottle with tri-distilled-water for 2-month degradation at 37℃.The pH value of degradation solution was detected by pH meter;Each film sample was taken out and lyophilized 12 hours to get its dry weight and calculate mass loss ratio.Each variety of the solution was sampled three specimens,the average pH value,average initial weight and average finial weight of these three specimens were taken as the indices at each sampling time point,respectively.Accordingly,the regulation effect of basic amino acid was comparexl with that of algin,chitosan and NaHCO3.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The changes of pH value of degradation solution;the mass loss ratio of the composite.RESULTS:Each basic additive could relieve the acid accumulation,among them,NaHCO3 was the strongest,while algin and chitosan showed a lowest capacity,basic amino acid was moderate;The suitable regulation effect could be achieved at a level of 5%lysine.CONCLUSION:Basic amino acid can effectively regulate the acid accumulation after PLGA degrades,and the optimal concentration of lysine is 5%.

GJ-4 is crocin enrichments extracted from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis, and our previous studies have shown that GJ-4 significantly improved learning and memory impairment induced by Aβ in mice. Herein, a memory deficit model was developed by injecting okadaic acid (OA) into the lateral ventricle of mice, and the neuroprotection and underlying mechanism of GJ-4 on neuronal injury caused by Tau hyperphosphorylation were investigated. The Animal Care & Welfare Committee, Institute of Materia Medica, CAMS & PUMC has approved all procedures (No.00000318). GJ-4 at different doses was intragastric administration to mice for 16 days. Step-down test and Morris water maze test showed that GJ-4 could significantly improve OA-induced memory impairment in mice, and reduced the loss of Nissl bodies in the hippocampus of mice. GJ-4 could also decrease the phosphorylation level of Tau protein at Ser396, Thr231 and Ser404 via increasing protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity and inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity. Besides, further researches indicated that GJ-4 could inhibit the level of oxidative stress in the brain of OA mice, reduce neuronal apoptosis and inhibit the neuroinflammation mediated by activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus of mice, and eventually achieve its effects in improving learning and memory impairment in mice. According to these findings, we anticipated that GJ-4 might be a potential therapeutic drug for Alzheimer's disease.

Since Nei Jing, through the development and supplement of ancient physicians, syndrome differentiation of TCM ophthalmology has been gradually improved. To the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, LI Dong-yuan's Pi Wei Lun paid attention to spleen and stomach,which made raising yang therapy has been accepted and widely used in medical subjects. After 40 years of clinical practice and inheritance and innovation of LI Dong-yuan's raising yang therapy, Professor LV Hai-jiang gradually formed his own experience features of using raising yang therapy to treat ophthalmic diseases. Combined with the clinical medical records, this article reviewed diagnosis and treatment experience of Professor LV in using raising yang therapy to treat ophthalmic diseases from the aspects of raising yang and removing obstruction in collaterals, raising yang and dissipating heat, activating blood circulation and expelling stasis, and eliminating dampness and phlegm.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the lived experience and inner needs of patients with young-onset dementia and to provide a basis for developing targeted interventions in clinical practice.Methods:Qualitative studies on the lived experience and inner needs of patients with young-onset dementia were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Internet, VIP, Wanfang Database, and China Biology Medicine disc from the start to September 2022.Two investigators trained in evidence-based knowledge screened the literature inclusion and exclusion criteria independently and rigorously, and used an aggregative synthesis to integrate and categorize the results.Results:A total of 11 articles were included, 33 results were extracted. These results were clustered into 8 categories, and 3 integrated results were synthesized: patients faced difficulties and challenges in daily life, social activities and work,experienced severe psychological burden and stigma; there were differences in coping styles among patients with different emotional experiences, manifesting as avoidance, confrontation, and adoption of positive coping styles; patients had unmet needs in multiple dimensions such as poor communication between doctors and patients, lack of peer support, lack of age-appropriate services, and desired to obtain support from multiple sources.Conclusions:The community, hospital, and society should be fully connected to provide support for patients with young-onset dementia to reduce stigma, improve the diagnostic process, and encourage positive coping. More research is needed in the future to help healthcare professionals understand the experience and needs of patients with young-onset dementia, with the aim of improving the quality of life of patients.

OBJECTIVETo establish a full-quantified fingerprint method for analyzing Chinese herbal additives by HPLC.

METHODA HPLC in combination with PDA detector was applied with a phenomenex luna C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column by gradient elution using acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was set at full spectrum scan.

RESULTAccording to the selected chromatographic conditions, the full-quantified fingerprint of the Chinese herbal additive has good precision, reproducibility, stability and recovery.

CONCLUSIONThe HPLC method developed for simultaneous determination of seven compounds is simple and valid. It can be used for quality evaluation and quality control of Chinese herbal additive and its processing products.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis

Background：Global Handwashing Day (GHD) is a handwashing promotion campaign organized by the Global Public-Private Partnership of Handwashing with Soap. In China, it has been promoted by the Chinese public health authorities, international organizations and multinational corporations through various channels including social media such as Sina Weibo, the leading Chinese microblogging site similar to Twitter. The objective of this study is to qualitatively assess Chinese social media users’ reactions to a health promotion campaign using Global Handwashing Day (GHD) 2012 as an example.Methods：We conducted a qualitative content analysis of 552 Weibo posts generated on GHD 2012 by Weibo users with 1000 or more followers with the Chinese keyword for “handwashing.” We categorized the Weibo posts into groups by keywords that frequently appeared in the data set. These groups were either exact reposts of an original post, or they conveyed similar information.Results：We observed the interconnections between traditional media and social media in handwashing promotion. Social media were found to serve as amplifiers of contents provided by traditional media. We observed the contextualization of global hygiene messages in a unique national social media market in China.Discussion：Our study showed that social media and traditional media are two interconnected arms of the GHD campaign in China. Our analysis demonstrated that public health campaigns in China can be evaluated using social media data. The themes and topics identified in this study will help public health practitioners evaluate future social media handwashing promotion campaigns.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the detection and accuracy of fetal echocardiography for congenital heart defects among high-risk populations.

METHODSA prospective observational study of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease was conducted in two tertiary obstetrics and gynecology hospitals between January 2003 and December 2004. Consecutive fetuses at risk of congenital heart disease underwent detailed fetal echocardiography during the study period. B-mode and colour/pulsed Doppler flow imaging were used in all cases. Follow-up was sought for all pregnancies. Indications for referral, maternal and gestational age at diagnosis, as well as prenatal and postnatal diagnosis were recorded prospectively. By comparing prenatal and postnatal diagnoses, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were estimated.

RESULTSA series of 2063 high-risk fetuses underwent detailed fetal echocardiography during the study period. The mean gestational age at examination was 26.5 weeks, ranging from 16 to 42 weeks. The most common indications for fetal echocardiography were advanced maternal age (31.7%), fetal arrhythmias (13.5%) and maternal infections (10.4%). Forty-three cases of fetal congenital heart disease were detected. The mean gestational age at prenatal diagnosis was 27.3 weeks ranging from 16 to 40 weeks. There were 3 false-negatives and 1 false-positive. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 92.1%, 99.9%, 97.2%, and 99.8%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was 86.1%. A cardiac defect suspected on routine prenatal sonography accounted for the highest proportion of abnormal cases (67.4%). As for pregnancy outcome, there were 24 (52.1%) terminations; 2.2% died in utero, 13% postnatally, and 28.3% survived.

CONCLUSIONS(1) Fetal congenital heart disease can be identified reliably by prenatal echocardiography. (2) Possible congenital heart disease or suspected heart defect noted on a screening obstetric sonogram is an important indication for fetal echocardiography. (3) A sequential segmental approach is critical for correct evaluation of the cardiac malformation. (4) The outcome of the patients with congenital heart disease is poor and a multidisciplinary approach is needed to the parental counseling and perinatal management planning.

China ; epidemiology ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fetal Heart ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Fetus ; abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal