MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in the expression and regulation after target gene transcription .Through complete or incomplete pairing with corresponding target gene so as to degrade mRNA or interfere with its translation ,they negatively regulate target gene expression .The differential expression of miRNA has been reported to play a role in the pathophysiological process of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases .Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the anterior pituitary gland .Recently ,researchers have found that differential expression of miRNA can be shown in different hormone types ,sizes and invasiveness of pituitary adenoma and pituitary carcinoma ,which implicate the possible role of miRNA as diagnosis marker and therapeutic target of pituitary adenoma .This article will summarize the research progress of miRNA in the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas .