PURPOSE: To report a large-angle exotropia, limited adduction, epiblepharon, high myopia and no pupillary light reflex in a patient with hydranencephaly. CASE SUMMARY: A ten-year-old girl with mental retardation presented with exotropia. The patient could fix only with the right eye and was unable to follow with either eye. The Krimsky test revealed 95 prism diopters of exotropia, and adduction was severely limited in both eyes. Pupillary light reflex was absent in both eyes. Cycloplegic refraction showed high myopia in both eyes. Slit lamp examination revealed lower lid epiblepharon and inferior corneal opacity in the right eye. No abnormal findings in the fundus examination were detected. A computed tomogram of the brain showed that the cerebral hemispheres were replaced by a cystic space filled with cerebrospinal fluid, compatible with hydranencephaly. Recession of the lateral rectus muscle and resection of the medial rectus muscle with epiblepharon repair of the lower lid were performed in both eyes. One week postoperatively, the epiblepharon was corrected, and the Krimsky test showed 16 prism diopters of left intermittent exotropia at near. CONCLUSIONS: When a combined manifestation of mental retardation, limited adduction, no pupillary light reflex and a large-angle exotropia is present, the possibility of a congenital developmental anomaly of the central nervous system including hydranencephaly should be suspected.
Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebrum ; Corneal Opacity ; Exotropia ; Eye ; Humans ; Hydranencephaly ; Intellectual Disability ; Light ; Muscles ; Myopia ; Reflex

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and complication of autologous plasmin (AP) injected before vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: Intravitreal AP injection (0.2 ml) was performed on the eyes without posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) 20 minutes before the vitrectomy for RRD. The extent of PVD was evaluated intraoperatively. Surgical PVD induction was performed and the ease of the procedure was graded. The extent of PVD, ease of PVD induction, and complications (including incidence of iatrogenic retinal break) were compared to those of the control eyes. In order to evaluate complications and measure activated partial thromboplastin time, a microbial culture of injected AP was performed and the rate of postoperative intraocular hemorrhage was investigated. Change in visual acuity and the rate of retinal reattachment were compared in order to evaluate the long-term surgical outcome. RESULTS: The extent of PVD was greater in the AP group than in the control group, and vitreal separation was facilitated by intravitreal AP injection. However, ease of PVD induction and frequency of iatrogenic retinal break found were not significantly different between cases and controls. Neither postoperative intraocular hemorrhage nor systemic coagulation abnormality occurred. Postoperative endophthalmitis and positive microbial culture of the AP solution were also not reported. There was no significant difference in the change in visual acuity and the rate of retinal reattachment between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal AP injection can facilitate vitrectomy for RRD and has no effect on the rate of retinal reattachment.
Endophthalmitis ; Eye ; Fibrinolysin ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Detachment

This study aims to explore the impact of distributional changes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection fear with sex differences. A quota sampling strategy was followed and 483 Korean adults were surveyed in a community sample. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess COVID-19 infection fear, depressive symptoms, and general characteristics.Quantile regression was used to explore the regression relationship of COVID-19 infection fear and an individual’s sex. There was a significant difference in COVID-19 infection fear (P= 0.001) and depression (P = 0.008) between the sexes - male and female. The differences between sexes at the 20th and 30th percentiles were significant (β = 2.04, P = 0.006; β = 1.5, P = 0.004, respectively). The results demonstrate that sex significantly predicts COVID-19 infection fear and women had significantly greater fear than men in the mild-level of COVID-19 infection fear.

Purpose: We examined the effects of the 8-week moderate-intensity Pilates exercise program on body composition, balance ability, metabolic parameters, arterial condition, and eating habits among overweight and obese women. Methods: From the general sample of overweight or obese Korean women (body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2 ), those who had not been diagnosed with any chronic degenerative diseases were enrolled in the study (n = 39). After 8 weeks of the Pilates exercise program, the participants were subdivided into adherence and non-adherence groups. Among the study participants, 24 women were matched for age and menopausal status to reduce the bias, and then finally included for the comparison (Pilates-adherence, n = 12; Pilates-non-adherence, n = 12). Results: The body balance measured by the Y-balance test, body mass index, and subcutaneous fat areas were significantly improved in both groups. However, the Pilatesadherence group showed more positive changes in body balance and had significant improvement in body composition parameters such as waist size, visceral fat area, systolic blood pressure, arterial aging index, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin than the Pilates-non-adherence group. In addition, the nutrition quotient for Korean adults (balance,moderation, and behavior except diversity) were significantly improved in both groups after dietary education. However, the participants did not show dramatic improvement in the metabolic parameters, because all the study subjects were in relatively good health and did not have any diagnosed diseases. Conclusion This study demonstrated that higher adherence to the Pilates exercise program together with a modification of eating habits may effectively improve body balance, body composition, and obesity-related parameters among overweight and obese women.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) was identified as a cell-intrinsic regulator of Th17 cell differentiation. Th17 cells have been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and collagen-induced arthritis. In this study, we confirmed PPARgamma-mediated inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation and cytokine production at an early stage. Treatment with ciglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, reduced both IL-1beta-mediated enhancement of Th17 differentiation and activation of Th17 cells after polarization. For Th17 cell differentiation, we found that ciglitazone-treated cells had a relatively low proliferative activity and produced a lower amount of cytokines, regardless of the presence of IL-1beta. The inhibitory activity of ciglitazone might be due to decrease of CCNB1 expression, which regulates the cell cycle in T cells. Hence, we postulate that a pharmaceutical PPARgamma activator might be a potent candidate for treatment of Th17-mediated autoimmune disease patients.
Arthritis, Experimental ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytokines ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Interleukin-17 ; PPAR gamma* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Th17 Cells*