Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that influence the wellness of bus drivers by examining the relationships between job stress, physical activity, subjective happiness, and wellness. Methods: Self-report questionnaires were distributed during October 2017. Results: Based on a multiple regression analysis, the significant factors found to affect the wellness of bus drivers were physical activity (β=.48,p<.001), subjective happiness (β=.25, p=.001), and job stress (β=-.17, p=.025). The total explanatory power of the study variables for wellness was 45.7% (F=33.04, p<.001). Conclusion These findings highlight a need to develop workplace wellness programs to reduce job stress and improve physical activity and subjective happiness among bus drivers.

The nasal ala is a challenging area for surgical reconstruction, with thick sebaceous skin, the lack of an ample tissue reservoir, and an adjacent free margin. Numerous flaps have been reported for the repair of alae defects. A 71-year-old woman with simultaneous basal cell carcinomas involving both nasal alae was treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. The surgical defects measured 1.5x1.5 cm on the center of the right nasal ala and 1.0x1.0 cm on the left nasal ala, including the alar crease and rim. The right nasal ala was used as a nasolabial transposition flap and the left nasal ala was reconstructed by an island pedicle flap. The final shape and texture were satisfactory. The flaps survived and nasal symmetry was preserved. Combined nasolabial transposition and island pedicle flaps thus offer a superior esthetic and functional result owing to minimized tension. This may be a valuable reconstructive option in the repair of bilateral nasal alae defects.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Female ; Humans ; Mohs Surgery ; Skin ; Succinates

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia induction time is related to speed of injection, injected volume, and Keo. In the case of target controlled infusion, induction time can be controlled by adjusting the induction time mode. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of induction time mode on variable parameters and vital signs during anesthesia induction with propofol using a target controlled infusion (TCI). METHODS: Sixty unpremedicated adult patients (ASA class I or II, 18 55 yrs) scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated to four groups according to induction mode. Group 1 was assigned a flash induction mode, and groups 2, 3 and 4 were assigned 2, 3 and 4min respectively. The end point of anesthesia induction was loss of eyelash reflex. Various parameters including induction time, infused volume, current/effect concentration at induction, and vital signs were compared. RESULTS: As the induction time mode was prolonged, induction time was delayed, but there was no difference in infused volume. Also, the current concentration decreased gradually, but the effect concentration did not show any difference. The vital signs were more stable in groups 3 and 4 compared with groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: For anesthesia induction, a rapid induction mode showed more rapid induction and low current concentration, but vital signs were relatively unstable and the effect concentration at induction showed no difference. For critically ill patients or patients with unstable hemodynamics, a more gradual induction mode for anesthesia induction in propofol TCI is recommended.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Critical Illness ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Propofol* ; Reflex ; Vital Signs*

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are involved in multiple cellular processes. And they are involved in cellular pathways related aging, cancer, and a variety of cellular functions including cell cycle, DNA repair and proliferation. Also they modulate life span. Stem cells have the ability to self-renew for unlimited proliferation and differentiate into various cell types. It has been a little known that the mutation of undifferentiated stem cells in tissue may result in the development of cancer cells by genotoxic carcinogens. Therefore, this study investigated whether some carcinogenic compounds can modulate the expression of sirtuin mRNA on human adipose-derived stem cells. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) were exposed to genotoxic carcinogenic compound (2-nitrofluorene, 2NF) and non-genotoxic carcinogenic compound (clonidine, CND) for 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours. The expression of SIRT1 mRNA increased on 72 hours. Expressions of SIRT2 and SIRT7 mRNA increased robustly on 48 hours. But all of SIRTs decreased to a level before a treatment of genotoxic compound on adipose-derived stem cells. These results demonstrated that a treatment of genotoxic compound induced the expression of SIRT mRNA only in the short time. But their level returned to untreated cells on 96 hours. They suggest that the possibility that the sirtuins can retard the carcinogenesis of adipose derived stem cells.
Aging ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinogens ; Cell Cycle ; Clonidine* ; DNA Repair ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger* ; Sirtuins ; Stem Cells*

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are involved in multiple cellular processes including those related to aging, cancer, and a variety of cellular functions including cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and cellular proliferation. SIRTs have been shown to extend the yeast life span, although there is presently little known about SIRT expression in the organs of mice. In the present study, we were especially interested in identifying differences in SIRT expression between young mice and aged mice. Specifically, we investigated the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in the kidney, lung, skin, adipose tissue, and spleens of 6-month-old and 24-month-old mice using immunohistochemical staining. Compared with that in younger mice, the expression of SIRT1 in 24-month-old rats was increased in kidney, lung, and spleen tissue, while that of SIRT3 was decreased in adipose, kidney, and lung tissue. The results of our study suggest that aging is associated with altered patterns of expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3. In addition, we noted that the expression patterns of SIRT1 and SIRT3 varied by organ. Taken together, the results of this study suggest the possibility that SIRTs may be involved in diseases associated with aging.
Adipose Tissue ; Aging ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Repair ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Kidney ; Lung ; Mice* ; Rats ; Sirtuins ; Skin ; Spleen ; Yeasts

BACKGROUND: Bispectral index (BIS) has been designed to measure objectively the degree of sedation and hypnosis for several anesthetics. It is predicted that sedation and hypnosis during nitrous oxide inhalation affect BIS in an unusual manner due to a different mechanism compared to usual hypnotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentration of nitrous oxide inhalation on BIS and sedation score. METHODS: Forty unpremedicated ASA physical status I or II patients scheduled for lower extremity surgery were studied. After performing epidural anesthesia, patients inhaled gradually increasing concentrations of nitrous oxide from 0 to 67% (15 minutes for each concentration) via a tightly sealed face mask. At the end of each inhalation, BIS and OAA/S scale (Observers's Assessment of Alertness/ Sedation scale) were assessed. RESULTS: The increasing concentrations of inhaled nitrous oxide resulted in significant reduction of the OAA/S scale but in no change of BIS. Concentrations of nitrous oxide exceeding 50% affected behavior or emotion of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Following increasing concentrations of inhaled nitrous oxide, sedation score was reduced significantly but BIS was not affected.
Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthetics ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Inhalation ; Lower Extremity ; Masks ; Nitrous Oxide*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate dietary habits related to weight reduction and snack intake habits of 4th to 5th grade elementary students located in Jeju-si, Jeju, South Korea. METHODS: The 4(th) and 5(th) grade elementary school students (total n = 234, equally matched numbers of normal weight children and overweight/obese children (n = 117/group)) were surveyed using a questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall method in Oct 2015. RESULTS: The percentage of students who experienced reduced food intake to control weight was 26.3% in the normal weight group (NG) and 77.6% in the obese group (OG). Most frequently answered meal for reduced intake was snacks in the NG and dinner in the OG. Percentages of daily calorie intake among subjects were 17.2% for breakfast, 33.8% for lunch, 29.7% for dinner, and 19.3% for snacks. Frequency of snack intake was 2.1 times a week in NG and 1.6 times a week in OG, which showed a statistical difference between body weight groups. Types of snack foods were distinctly different depending on where children consumed them, although no difference was observed between NG and OG. In addition, snack intake level of low energy and nutrient-dense foods was significantly lower in the OG compared to the NG, whereas snack intake level of energy dense and low-nutritive foods was not different between the OG and NG. CONCLUSION: Taken together, snack intake level with consideration of frequency and amount of snack intake showed that children in the OG consumed significantly less low energy and nutrient-dense foods compared to the NG. Therefore, nutritional education for choosing healthy snack foods for children regardless of body weight status is crucial based on family-school links.
Body Weight ; Breakfast ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Eating ; Education ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Korea ; Lunch ; Meals ; Methods ; Obesity ; Snacks* ; Weight Loss

Trichilemmal carcinoma is a cutaneous adnexal tumor originating from the outer root sheath of hair follicle, and it was first described by Headington in 1976. Clinically, it usually occurs as an asymptomatic solitary papule, nodule or mass on the face or scalp. This neoplasm is a malignant counterpart of trichilemmoma, and it has been reported in the literature as trichilemmal carcinoma, tricholemmal carcinoma, malignant trichilemmoma, and tricholemmocarcinoma. Although histologically, trichilemmal carcinoma frequently has maliganant features, it has a relatively benign clinical behavior. We think Mohs micrographic surgery is a useful treatment modality in trichilemmal carcinoma because the final skin defect is smaller than a wide excision. We report a case of primary trichilemmal carcinoma which had developed on the face, treated with Mohs micrographic surgery.
Hair Follicle ; Mohs Surgery ; Scalp ; Skin

"Atypical vascular lesions" is the term which was first used in 1994 by Fineberg and Rosen for vascular lesions after radiation therapy except for cutaneous angiosarcoma. Vascular lesions mostly occur after radiation therapy in breast cancer patients who have undergone mastectomy. The lesions are 5 mm or less, red or red-brown papules, histologically dilated vascular channels extended as the superficial and mid-dermis are observed. Post-radiation vascular lesions tend to follow a benign course with metastasis or death not having been reported yet. The lesions look histologically similar to well differentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma occurring after radiation therapy and breast reconstruction, indeed it is possible for post-radiation vascular lesions to become cutaneous angiosarcoma. Atypical vascular lesions have recently become a new issue for concern in some countries. Within Korea however, until now, a case it had not yet been reported. The patient was 50 year-old female who had chemotherapy after Modified Radical Mastectomy and salpingoophorectomy for breast cancer and endometriosis, atypical vascular lesions in the field of radiation therapy occurred. We report an interesting case of atypical vascular lesion.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease, with genetic and environmental background. The pathogenesis is complex, and although the dermatitis fades during childhood in most cases, the course is unpredictable. Leukotrienes are potent proinflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Leukotrienes are likely to play a role in the inflammation seen in AD. It is therefore of interest to attempt to reduce the activity of AD by the use of leukotriene antagonists. Montelukast (Singulair(R)) has shown promising results in the treatment of both children and adults with AD, and the safety profile of this medicament is excellent. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of montelukast for severe AD. METHODS: Thirteen patients with moderate to severe AD were treated with montelukast. The dose of montelukast was 10 mg/day for 8 weeks. At enrollment and on each follow-up visit, every patient was assessed by a single observer and objectively scored for disease extent and severity using SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD). In 6 of 13 patients, we measured serum cysteinyl leukotriene levels before and after treatment using ELISA and checked serologic marker such as total Ig E at the first visit and eosinophil counts at every follow-up visit. RESULTS: Patients with a median (range) age of 18.2 (7~38) years participated in the study. Their median SCORAD scores before treatment, at first follow-up (mean 4 weeks later), and at second follow-up (mean 8 weeks later) were 52.4, 35.7, and 29.5. All components of SCORAD (extent, intensity, symptoms) of all patients and eosinophil counts (n=6) had decreased significantly except the extent. Serum cysteinyl leukotriene levels (n=6) had decreased, but not significantly. CONCLUSION: According to our study, montelukast is an effective medicament in the treatment of severe AD patients. So we can take a montelukast as an alternated agent instead of steroid and immunosuppressant agents in severe AD.
Acetates ; Adult ; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase ; Arachidonic Acid ; Child ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; Leukotrienes ; Quinolines ; Skin Diseases