The present study has shown that immunohistochemical staining of the human placentas (5 first trimester and 20 full term placentas) for confirmation of the monocytic linease of its macrophage function. We used two macrophage associated glycoprotein; alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1Ac) and lysozyme (LSZ). The results from presence or absence of A1Ac & LSZ by immunohistochemical methods can be helpful to deceide the degree of differentiation of macrophage. In al the placentas examined a strong cytoplasmic reaction for A1Ac was seen in the Hofbauer cells, and the same cells of serial sections didn't stain for LSZ. The strong cytoplasmic reaction for A1Ac supports that Hofbauer cells are macrophage, but they didn't stain for LSZ, a bactericidal enzyme, we propose that these cells are not fully differentiated macrophage. The lack of LSZ may have some relevance to the pathogenesis of certain placental infections.
Humans

A retrospective morphological study was conducted on 1677 lymph nodes which were removed surgically under the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colonic carcinoma, chronic gastric ulcer, and superficial lymph nodes nuder the diagnosis of reactive follicular hyperplasia at Chosun University Hospital during a period of 5 years from 1980 to 1984. The hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were examined to evaluate for any vascular changes. In selected cases further levels were prepared from the paraffin blocks for Gomori's reticulin stain. The vascular abnormalities were divided into 3 groups, such as hemangiomatoid, pan-nodal vasodilatation and miscellaneous types. The miscellaneous type included the proliferation of smooth muscle which encircled numerous small hilar arteries and veins. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The hemangiomatoid lesions were localized lesions which appeared to be associated with local malignancy, but infrequent in incidence. 2) A more frequent vascular abnormality was pan-nodal vasodilatation, which tend to affect many nodes in a single group and is relatively associated with chronic gastric ulcer. 3) Miscellaneous lesion was nonspecific and appeared both local malignancy and chronic inflammation. 4) All three vascular reactions were somewhat more frequent in female than male.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence

Genus of aspergilli are ubiquitous saprophytic molds in nature, which are recognized about 700 species, at least eight are pathologic for human. Pulmonary aspergillosis is rare disease, most frequent presenting as secondary invasion, and aspergillosis of the nasal cavity is the most common sites of the extrapulmonary aspergillosis. Predisposing factors for pulmonary aspergillosis are chronic lung disease, tuberculosis, antibiotics, cytotoxins and neoplasia, hematologic disorders, and histoplasmosis etc. Authors have experienced 10 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis and a case of aspergillosis of nasal cavity in Dept. of Pathol. Chosun univ. hospital and christian hospital from Feb. 1981 to July 1984. Patient of pulmonary aspergillosis are received surgical resection and survived well without complications.
Humans ; Cytotoxins

A total of 3,119 cardiac valves were replaced in 2,471 patients with acquired valvular heart diseases at Seoul National University Hospital during a period of 26 years from 1968 to 1994. Mechanical valves including St. Jude, Carbomedics, Bjork-Shiley and Duromedics were used in 1,609 cases(52%) and bioprosthetic valves including Lonescu-Shiley, Hancock and Angell Shiley were implanted for the rest of the patients(1,510 cases, 48%). A total of 308(12.5%) redo valve replacement was performed during the same period, and 10 of 308 patients underwent second redo valve replacements. The single valve replacement was done in 1,846 cases, double valve replacement in 602 cases and triple valve replacement in 23 cases. Among the single valve replacement, the mitral valve replacement was performed most frequently(1,377 cases). The male to female ratio was almost equal(1.223 : 1,248) and the mean age was 37.9+/-10.5 years old. But the mean age has been increasing year by year and it reached to 44.8 years old in the 1990's. The overall hospital mortality was 5.3%, and 6.8% in redo valve replacement. However, the hospital mortality for the recent 10 years dropped to 1 to 4%. The number of redo valve surgery has been increasing since the mid-1980's because of structural deterioration of bioprostheses that were replaced during the late-1970's and early 1980's. Redo valve surgery comprised 34% for all valve replacement in 1994. The causes of the redo valve operation were structural deterioration(81.5%), prosthetic valve endocarditis(11.7%), paravalvular leakage(5.6%), and valve thrombosis(0.9%). The actuarial freedom from overall valve failure in Ionescu-Shiley were 81.0+/-7.1%(5 year) in mitral position, 89.1+/-1.8%(7 year) in aortic position and 88.9+/-7.6% in double valve replacement. The 5 year actuarial freedom from all complications in Carbomedics were 90.1+/-3.1% in mitral position, 84.9+/-4.2% in aortic position and 81.7+/-5.1% in double valve replacement. The 10 year actuarial freedom from all complications in St. Jude were 80.9+/-3.8%, 81.4+/-6.1%, 72.4+/-10.7% in each positions. In conclusion, the mean age of patients was younger than that of western countries, but it showed increasing tendency year by year. Bioprosthetic valves were used during the initial period until mid-1980's when mechanical valves were used instead of bioprosthetic valves, mainly because of the structural deterioration of the bioprostheses. In terms of thromboembolism, both bioprostheses and mechanical valves seems to be almost comparable although the comparison of both valves was impossible because of the different period of operation, various surgeon and level of the prothrombin time and so on. Recently the number of valve replacement has been decreased since the 1990's and the number of redo valve surgery and valve repair has been increased.
Bioprosthesis ; Female ; Freedom ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Heart Valves* ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Prothrombin Time ; Seoul* ; Thromboembolism

We report here-in a case of benign hemangioendothelioma occurring in a 2 day-old male neonate on central portion of lumbar area. The lesion was movable, and elevated firm nodule, measuring 1.5x2.0 cm in size. For the purpose of diagnosis and therapy, excisional biopsy was performed, which revealed typical histopathologic pictures in the deep dermis and subcutaneous area. The lesion showed no recurrence at follow-up check after 6 months.
Biopsy ; Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioendothelioma* ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of shared-decision making on patient satisfaction. The study is significant since it focuses on developing appropriate methodologies and analyzing data to identify patient preferences, with the goals of optimizing treatment selection, and substantiating the relationship between such preferences and their impact on outcomes. METHODS: A thorough literature review that developed the framework illustrating key dimensions of shared decision making was followed by a quantitative assessment and regression analysis of patient-perceived satisfaction, and the degree of shared-decision making. RESULTS: A positive association was evident between shared-decision making and patient satisfaction. The impact of shared decision making on patient satisfaction was greater than other variable including gender, education, and number of visits. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who participate in care-related decisions and who are given an explanation of their health problems are more likely to be satisfied with their care. It would benefit health care organizations to train their medical professionals in this communication method, and to include it in their practice guidelines.

Authors evaluated the electrocardiographic criteria of Minnesota Code (III-1, III-2) for the diagnosis of left and right ventricular hypertrophy in 93 cases of healthy peoples, 74 cases of left ventricular hypertrophy and 4 cases of right ventricular hypertrophy and following results were obtained. 1. By left ventricular hypertropy criteria (III-1), there were 5.4% of false positive and 14.9% of false negative cases. 2. By right ventricular hypertrophy criteria III-2), there were 24.7% of false positive and 20.0% of false negative cases. 3. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy by Minnesota Code (III-1, III-2) were more reliable criteria than many other criteria of ventricular hypertrophy.
Diagnosis* ; Electrocardiography ; Hypertrophy* ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Minnesota*

PURPOSE: A heterotopic pancreas is defined as one for which pancreatic tissue is present outside its usual or habitual location and without an anatomic relation either of continuity or of vascularization with the pancreas proper. Most heterotopic pancreases are incidentally encountered during surgery, and on rare occasions, epigastric pain, weight loss, hemorrhage, gastric outlet obstruction, and intussusception have been directly attributable to the presence of a heterotopic pancreas. The purpose of this article is to report the clinical characteristics of the heterotopic pancreas. METHOD: We retrospectively observed 24 patients, who had been pathologically proven to have a heterotopic pancreas, at the Department of Surgery, Korea University Hospital, from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1998. RESULTS: 16 of the 24 cases were found incidentally during operations due to by other primary diseases; 8 cases were symptomatic. The ratio of males to females was 1.18:1 and most common sites were the stomach and the duodenum (71%). The mean size of the lesion was 1.26 cm, and the sizes in symptomatic cases were larger (mean 1.89 cm) than those in cases where the lesions were found incidentally (mean 0.94 cm). We experienced a case of a ductal adenocarcinoma originating from the heterotopic pancreas in the jejunum of a 73 year old man. CONCLUSION: A heterotopic pancreas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of submucosal tumors, polyps, ulceration, and intestinal tumors, When suspected, an intraoperative frozen section is recommended, and the range and the method of the operation should be decided based on the results of the frozen section.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Duodenum ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intussusception ; Jejunum ; Korea ; Male ; Pancreas* ; Polyps ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach ; Ulcer ; Weight Loss

Endoscopic injection therapy using various different agents(ethanol, polidocanol, epinephrine with and without hypertonic saline, etc.) is considered as the least expensive and effective technique to obtain hemostasis in peptic ulcer bleeding, however most of these agents induce tissue necrosis or degeneration. Theoretically the injection of fibrin glue in peptic ulcer bleeding may be safer than that of other agents, however, to date, there have been no data from randomized clinical trials on the comparison of the efficacies between these agents. To compare the hemostatic efficacy between FG[Beriplast P, Behring, Germany] and HSE[3% saline and epinephrine(1: 10,000)], we conducted a prospective, randomized, clinical trial among one hundred twenty-seven patients with peptic ulcer bleeding from March, 1992 to December, 1993 and in whom a visible vessel or active bleeding was identified.
Epinephrine* ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Fibrin* ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Prospective Studies*

The aim of this study was to determine the adaptation of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) to simulated weightlessness. The level of immunoreactive plasma ANP level and the expression of right atrial ANP mRNA were assessed in male Sparague-Dawley rats during 2 weeks of head-down suspension(HDS) The rats were placed in a -45 degrees anti-orthostatic position. The plasma ANP level was investigated by radioimmunoassay and ANP mRNA was expressed by Northern blot analysis. The changes in daily water intake, body weight and arterial hematocrit did not show the statistical significances during HDS. The plasma ANP level slightly increased after 1 day of HDS, the response was transient and then decreased below the control levels. The expression of the ANP mRNA increased after 1 day, the peak value occurred at 3 days of HDS and thereafter ANP mRNA showed the similar patterns compared to the changes of plasma level. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that the initial adaptation of ANP to increased control blood volume in rats occurs between 3 and 7 days of HDS, and the ANP acts an important role during regulatory process to central hypervolemia at both synthetic and secretory levels within the early stage of HDS.
Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Blood Volume ; Blotting, Northern ; Body Weight ; Drinking ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Weightlessness