This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and educational need of pregnant women relating to antepartum, delivery, puerperium period and to identify the variables which influenced their knowledge and educational need. The study subjects were 77 antepartum women who had antenatal educations and 106 antepartum women who did not have antenatal education. Number of total antepartum women were 183. Data were collected from women who visited for antenatal care at general hospitals and public health centers in Pusan and Kyungnam area using qestionnaires from Feb. 1. 1998 to Apr. 20. 1998. SAS/PC program was used for data analysis. ; Chi-square test, t-test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, ANOVA(Duncan procedure) and MANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Relating to the antepartum period between two groups, the knowledge about the number of antenatal care was low, relating to labor the knowledge about the time fix the fetal position and relating to postpartum, the knowledge about the change of blood pressure and body temperature was low. 2. The comparision means of knowledge were adjusted by social demographic characteristics related to knowledge. There were statistically significant differences in total mean score of knowledge about pregnancy, delivery and postpartum between two groups. In full marks 19, the mean scores of the educational group and non-educational group were 13.08 and 11.74 respectively (P=.000). In resultly, there are statistically significant differences between two groups. The effectiveness of antenatal education group was very high and showed its importance. 3. The comparision means of educational need were adjusted by social demographic characteristics related to educational need. The mean scores of educational need were statistically significantly different in pregnancy, delivery and puerperium period. 4. There were positive correlations between the knowledge and educational level, duration of marriage and total numbers of pregnancy. There were negative correlation between the educational need and age, educational level, duration of marriage and total number of pregnancy. The above results showed the effects of antenatal education.
Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Busan ; Female ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Marriage ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Prenatal Education* ; Public Health ; Statistics as Topic

For the purpose of preparing the basic data for further cancer epidemiologic study and cancer patients control, we conducted the analysis on the degree and structure of deaths from cancer in metropolitan areas of Korea with 7,934 certified cancer deaths records of Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and Incheon in 1982. The analyzed results were as follows : 1) The total number of cancer deaths in metropolitan areas were 7,934 (male: 4,749, female: 3,185) as 14.1% of deaths from all causes in the same area. 2) The rate of physician's certification on cancer deaths was 77.4% and most of cancer deaths (84.4%) occurred at their home. 3) Cancer specific death rate was 51.7 per 100,000 population (male: 62.9, female: 41.9) and age-adjusted cancer death rate was 82.4 in male and 51.6 in female per 100,000 population. And the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). 4) Age-specific cancer death rate was generally increased with age and most of cancer deaths (male: 75%, female: 65%) occurred from 45 to 74 years old. 5) The first three orders of cancer site were stomach (32.7%), liver (28.8%), lung (11.7%) in male and stomach (30.6%), uterus (18.4%), liver (13.8%) in female. And the relative frequency of these three cancer sites among total cancer deaths was corresponded to 73.2% in male and 62.8% in female. 6) The ratio of male to female cancer death rate was 1.5:1. And the ratio was above 3.0 in esophagus, liver, larynx, bladder cancer and the ratio was similar to 1.0 in stomach, pancreas, leukemia, brain, colon cancer, but the ratio was reversed in gall bladder and bile duct, and thyroid cancer.
Aged ; Bile Ducts ; Brain ; Busan* ; Certification ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Daegu* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Korea* ; Larynx ; Leukemia ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Mortality ; Pancreas ; Seoul* ; Stomach ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Uterus

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) lymphadenitis is the most common complication of BCG vaccination. It commonly occurs in infants aged <6 months involving ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. We described BCG lymphadenitis in a 22-month-old boy presenting swelling of left supraclavicular lymph node that was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the multiplex PCR targeting the region of difference (RD).
Humans ; Infant ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis* ; Male ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccination*

No abstract available.
Toluene* ; Xylenes*

This study was conducted to establish the control program for preventing unfavorable health effects of nitrogen dioxide(NO2) exposure in homes by preparing the fundamental data for evaluation of relationships between NO2 levels and influencing factors through measurements of indoor-outdoor NO2 levels and personal NO2 exposures for housewives with questionnaire survey on 172 homes in Pusan area from April to June, 1987. NO2 measurements were made by using diffusion tube samplers(Palmes tube NO2 sampler) for one week at 4 sites in homes ; kitchen(KIT), bedroom(BED), living room(LIV), outdoor(OUT) and near the collar housewives(personal exposure livel, PNO). The details of questionnaire were number of household members(FAM), number of regular smokers(SMOKER), daily number of meals eaten(MEAL), type of housing units(HOUSE), location of house with distance from the heavy traffic roads as walking time(DIST), and of kitchen(KAREA), kind of cooking fuels(FUEL), cooking time of each meal(CTIME), usage of kitchen fan for cooking(FAN), type of heating facilities(HEAT) and so on of subject homes. The obtained results were as follows : 1) The mean NO2 level was significantly higher at indoors than outdoors(p<0.01) and the kitchen NO2 level was the highest with 33.7+/-13.6ppb(9.5-81.5ppb). The mean personal exposure level of NO2 for housewives was 20.6+/-8.8ppb(3.1-46.9ppb). 2) The mean indoor NO2 level was significantly higher in the group of household members above 5 than below 4(p<0.05), in detached dwellings than apartments(p<0.001), within 5 minutes of distance than over 5 minutes(p<0.001), in the group of unusing fan(p<0.001), in the group of longer cooking time(p<0.001), and it was in order of coal briquette, gas, electricity and oil by kind of cooking fuels(p<0.05). 3) Variables showing significant correlation(p<0.001) with indoor NO2 level were kitchen NO2 level(r=0.8677), cooking time(r=0.5921), outdoor NO2 exposure level(r=0.4615), usage of kitchen fan(r=0.3573) and location of house(r=-0.2988). 4) As a result of multiple regression analysis, the most significant influencing variable to the kitchen NO2 level was cooking time [KIT=-0.378+/-11.772(CRIME)+0.298(OUT)+3.102(FAN)], it was kitchen NO2 level to the indoor NO2 level [IND = 6.996+0.458 (KIT) + 0.230 (OUT) - 1.127 (KAREA)], and it was indoor NO2 level to the personal NO2 exposure level [PNO=15.562+0.729(IND)-4.542(DIST)-0.200(KIT)]. 5) It was recognized that artificial ventilation in the kitchen, suppression of unnecessary combustion and replacement of cooking fuel, as much as possible, were effective means for decreasing indoor NO2 levels in homes.
Busan ; Coal ; Cooking ; Diffusion ; Electricity ; Family Characteristics ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Housing ; Humans ; Meals ; Nitrogen ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ventilation ; Walking

OBJECTIVES: OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) is a common disorder and its consequences are often serious. It is important to detect the disorder early in the course for proper treatment. This study is to grasp the snoring clinic visitors' knowledge level of OSAS. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-nine visitors at the of snoring clinic of Seoul National University Hospital were surveyed by questionnaire about reasons of visit and knowledge of treatment methods of snoring and OSAS, diagnostic method, OSAS-related symptoms, and complications. RESULTS: Most of the respondents (89.4%) "have already heard about OSAS" and the major sources of information was the mass media (58.1%) such as television and radio. More than half (60.3%) were aware that snoring is closely related to OSAS. More than half (59.8%) recognized that a nocturnal polysomnograpy was necessary for proper diagnosis. Two thirds (67%) of the respondents noted surgery as a treatment for snoring. More than half (55.9%) answered that they would follow the doctor's advice on the treatment choice. Only 12.3% of respondents "have heard about nCPAP". No one chose nCPAP (nasal continuous positive airway pressure) as a treatment for either snoring or OSAS. About one third (34.6%) of the respondents were aware that OSAS is related to hypertension. Only 12.8% noted that OSAS is related to diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: Visitors at the snoring clinic were found to have substantially limited knowledge of health risks and proper treatments of OSAS. We suggest that it is crucially important to educate patients and offer easy-to-understand information on snoring and OSAS. We predict that provision of educaiton and information to patients and general public will faciliate the diagnosis and treatment of snoring and OSAS and reduce the related disorders such as hypertension, stroke, and diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mass Media ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Snoring ; Stroke ; Television

No abstract available.
Byssinosis*

The present study was aimed at investigating the molecular regulation of the renin- angiotensin system (RAS) in two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension. The expression of renin, angiotensinogen and angiotensin II receptor genes was determined by Northern blot analysis in rats made 2K1C hypertensive for 2 or 4 weeks. The expression of renin gene was increased in the clipped kidney and decreased in the contralateral non-clipped kidney at weeks 2 and 4. The expression of angiotensinogen gene was not significantly altered at week 2, but increased at week 4 in the clipped kidney. However, it was not significantly altered in the contralateral kidney either at week 2 or 4. Nor was the expression of angiotensinogen gene significantly altered in the liver either at week 2 or 4. On the other hand, the expression of angiotensin II receptor gene was decreased at week 2, and increased at week 4 in the clipped kidney, whereas it was not significantly changed in the contralateral kidney either at week 2 or 4. In the liver, the expression of angiotensin II receptor gene was not significantly altered at week 2, but decreased at week 4. These results suggest that the components of RAS are transcriptionally regulated in 2K1C hypertension in a manner dependent on tissues and duration of hypertension.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensinogen* ; Angiotensins* ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Hand ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Liver ; Rats* ; Receptors, Angiotensin* ; Renin

Pneumoconiosis is one of the most important occupational disease in Korea. In Pusan, most of pneumoconiosis is welders' pneumoconiosis developed in shipyard. With clinical (including interview with every patients) and radiological (chest radiographs) methods, author purposed to know the factors related to development of pneumoconiosis in shipyard welders and to apply the results to the concept for health care (management) of shipyard welders. The prevalence rate of welders' pneumoconiosis was calculated by the means of reading of chest radiographs of 547 shipyard welders. The prevalence rate of welders' pneumoconiosis (including suspected pneumoconiosis, category 0/1) was 7.9%. It was lower than that (8.9%) in same area studied in 1989. Prevalence rate increased as total welding duration increased and the welding work began early. It was higher in welders who did not use antidust mask. Probability of the occurance of welder's pneumoconiosis was related with the time that the welder began welding work. Sixteen cases among the 37 who were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis returned normal in the follow-up chest radiographs. There was no case aggrevated. The pertinent management for the personnels and their working environment contributed to the decrease of incidence of the welders' pneumoconiosis and the improvement of the disease. To prevent the occurance of the pneumoconiosis in shipyard welders, it seems to be necessary for the company to be supervised under the any legislation and to educate the welder to use the protective apparatus. It is suggested that considerate and continuous observation under the adequate management is preferable to the immediate conversion of the working department for the pneumoconiotic welders.
Busan ; Delivery of Health Care ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Korea ; Masks ; Occupational Diseases ; Pneumoconiosis* ; Prevalence ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Welding

In order to prepare the fundamental data for the health promotion by assessing the exposure level of styrene, the author determined the concentration of mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid in urine of 42 workers who were exposed to styrene by high performance liquid chromatography and surveyed 16 symptoms, by questionnaire and also tested neurobehavioral test(digit symbol, benton visual retention) in 2 FRP plants of Kyung Nam area from July to September, 1995. Control was sampled by age sex matching method. The concentration of styrene in air was determined by gas chromatography. The results were as follows; 1. Geometric mean concentration of styrene in air was 17.4ppm, geometric mean concentration of mandelic acid(MA) in urine were 404.3mg/g creatinine for exposure group, 46.4mg/g creatinine for control group, geometric mean concentration of phenylglyoxylic acid(PGA) in urine were 57.5mg/g creatinine for exposure group, 9.5mg/g creatinine for control group. Mean concentration of MA and PGA showed statistically significant difference between exposure group and control group(p<0.01). 2. Number of symptom were 2.9 for exposure group, 3.3 for control group, number of digit symbol were 24.1 for exposure group, 32.5 for control group, number of Benton visual retention test were 6.1 for exposure group, 6.0 for control group, respectively. As result of adjusting the education year, number of Benton visual retention test showed statistically significant difference between exposure group and control group(p<0.05). 3. Excellent correlation were observed between environmental styrene exposure and urinary MA(r=0.80), PGA(r=0.73), and MA+PGA(r=0.81).
Chromatography, Gas ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Creatinine ; Education ; Health Promotion ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Styrene*