No abstract available.
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the correlation between the carcinogenesis of gallbladder and the expression of lysozyme, p53, c-erbB2 and CEA in gallbladder lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty cases of gallbladder lesions (containing 17 cases of GB carcinoma) were examined. We analyzed the clinicopathologic findings of the early (stage I & II) and advanced carcinoma (stage III, IV & V) and those of carcinoma with or without metaplasia in the tumor. We performed p53, c-erbB2 and CEA immunohistochemical staining and compared their findings with those of normal mucosa and preneoplastic lesions. We also performed lysozyme immunohistochemical staining and compared its finding with metaplastic and non-metaplastic lesions. RESULTS: There are two distinct genetic pathways in gallbladder cacinogenesis and metaplastic carcinoma was more frequent than non-metaplastic carcinoma. Metaplasia of gallbladder did not reveal any difference of the clinicopathologic findings and depth of invasion (Nevin stage). Lysozyme expression was found in all metaplastic lesions but non-expression did not indicate non-metaplastic lesions. p53 mutations and c-erbB2 alterations may have a role in the carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinomas, especially, in a late event, and in an early and late events, respectively. The correlation of p53 and c-erbB2 expressions was found but which did not indicate that the co-expression was needed in the carcinogenesis. CEA immunohistochemical staining may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of benign lesions and precancerous and cancerous lesions of the gallbladder. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that p53 mutations and c-erbB2 alterations may have a role in the carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinomas, especially, in a late event, and in an early and late events, respectively.
Carcinogenesis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gallbladder* ; Metaplasia* ; Mucous Membrane ; Muramidase

PURPOSE: It has been known for a long time that infants of insulin dependent diabetic mothers are prone to develop macrosornia, organomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, septicemia and congenital anomalies in the neonatal period. And echocardiographic asymmetrical- ventricular septal hyper- trophy(ASH) has been observed in the newborn infants of diabetic mothers. The etiology of the ASH remains unknown, although fetal hyperglycemia and subsequent glycogen deposits have been postulated as contributing factors. Therefore, we have studied whether large for gestational age(LGA) has played an important role of developing ASH. METHODS: We compared echocardiographic findings in neonates of LGA and appro- priate for gestational age(AGA), who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Chung Ang University Hospital from April 1994 to March 1997. RESULTS: 1) Mean LVED in LGA and AGA were 1.96+0.06cm and 1.94+0.04cm, respectively. 2) Mean LVPW in LGA and AGA were 0.37+0.05cm and 0.370.05cm, respectively. 3) Mean IVS in LGA and AGA were 0.400.09cm and 0.380.09cm, respectively. 4) Mean IVS/ LVPW in LGA and AGA were 1.09+0.12 and 1.040.17, respectively. There was no statistical significance between two groups in echocardiographic findings. CONCLUSION: There is no relation between LGA and ASH in the neonate. According- ly, we may not need to perform echocardiography LGA routinely.
Echocardiography ; Gestational Age* ; Glycogen ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypertrophy* ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Insulin ; Mothers ; Pediatrics ; Sepsis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relative surgical risk and problems in hip hemiarthroplasty for treatment of an unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients over 80 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 2005 and May 2010, 58 patients whose age was over 80 years were available for inclusion in this study. They were divided into two groups: group 1 included 30 patients with femoral neck fracture and group 2 included 28 patients with intertrochanteric fracture. No significant differences in average age, concomitant disease, and walking ability before development of fracture were noted between the two groups. The following factors, including interval from development of fracture to operation, operation time, amount of blood loss, start time of walking after operation, duration of hospital stay, complications, revision rate, and walking ability were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Operation time was an average of 85.2 minutes in group 1 and 97.5 minutes in group 2(P=0.03). The amount of bleeding was an average of 483 cc in group 1 and 695 cc in group 2(P=0.006). Similar results for walking start and recovery of walking ability after operation were observed in the two groups. No significant differences were observed in duration of hospital stay, complications, and revision rate. While 25 patients in group 1(83.3%) showed restoration of walking ability after operation to the same level of walking before injury, 19 patients in group 2(67.8%) showed restoration of walking ability postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Even though patients in group 2 showed a longer operation time and a higher amount of blood loss, compared with those in group 1, patients in group 2 had similar surgical risk and complications, compared with those in group 1. Therefore, primary hip hemiarthropalsty could be a good treatment option for intertrochanteric fracture in elderly.
Aged ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hemorrhage ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Walking

Intrsneural ganglion cysts of the peroneal nerve are rare. The precise etiology and pathological changes remain obscure. We have experienced recently a case of intraneural ganglion cyst developed in the sheath of the peroneal nerve. A 28 year old male had suffered from lump producing pain over the posterolateral aspect of the upper portion of the fibula, weakness of dorsiflexion of the ankle and of extension of the toes and diminution of sensation on the dorsum of the foot. He underwent excision of the ganglion and the prognosis for recovery of function is good.
Ankle ; Fibula ; Foot ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Male ; Peroneal Nerve ; Prognosis ; Recovery of Function ; Sensation ; Toes

No abstract available.
Cartilage* ; Rabbits* ; Ribs*

The cryopreservation of Red Blood Cells has many advantages of which the most important one is that it can be stored for a long period. However, in Korea, Research regarding frozen blood is still in its early stage. We evaluated the effects of transfusion of the frozen-thawed RBCs in dogs. The whole bloods were collected from 5 dogs, and the packed RBCs were obtained by centrifugation method. We made the frozen RBCs by using 40% glycerol method and stored it in -80 degrees C refrigerate for 1 month. The frozen RBCs were thawed in the 37 degrees C water bath and washed by Cell washer according to the standard protocol, and evaluated the status of them being compared with that of the unfrozen. The majorirty of the results were satisfactory to the allowable limit except high plasma hemoglobin and potassium. The frozen-thawed bloods were transfused to the two dogs and carefully observed the effects and its complications. The results were that the average value of the hemoglobin was elevated about 0.6g/dL more after transfusion than before, and there were no significant complication related to the transfusion. Thus, The frozen thawed blood transfusions in case of the experiment with dogs were proved to be safe and as effective as fresh blood, and The above method appeared to be feasible to human blood.
Animals ; Baths ; Blood Transfusion ; Centrifugation ; Cryopreservation ; Dogs* ; Erythrocytes ; Glycerol ; Humans ; Korea ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Water

BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogenic cytokine. C-met protein, which is known to be the HGF receptor has transmembrane tyrosine kinase activity and is encoded by the c-met oncogene. The HGF/c-met signaling pathway may play various roles in the carcinogenesis of various organs. METHODS: We examined HGF and c-met mRNA expression by utilizing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on 40 surgically resected intracranial meningiomas (25 benign, 10 atypical, and 5 anaplastic cases). RESULTS: An HGF overexpression was detected in 28%, 50%, and 80% of the benign, atypical and anaplastic meningiomas, respectively; a high expression of HGF or the coexpression of HGF/c-met was detected in the high grade meningiomas (the atypical and anaplastic cases, p=0.046, p=0.014). An HGF expression was statistically significant in the recurrent meningiomas (p=0.003), and HGF expression was significantly lower than c-met mRNA expression in benign meningiomas (p=0.034). CONCLUSIONS: There was no correlation between histologic subtypes and HGF/c-met expression. Determination of HGF expression can be used as a molecular predictor for recurrence of meningioimas. These results suggest that HGF and c-met expression in meningiomas may be associated with anaplastic progression.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; Hepatocytes ; Meningioma ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Oncogenes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; Recurrence ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger

BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are among the most important threats to patient safety. When hospitalized children face these threats, there is morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs. Research on local healthcare epidemiology is necessary to enhance collective knowledge and evidence formanaging this problem. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of databases of patients who were diagnosed with HAIs at Chung-Ang University Hospital (CAUH) from 2007 through 2011. Cases were selected from the microbiology registry databases. The data on prevalence of HAIs in various wards and its annual trends were compared to previously reported nationwide data. Moreover, we analyzed the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility results for HAI pathogens. RESULTS: A total of 181 HAIs were identified in 122 patients. The HAI rate among pediatric patients at CAUH was 2.4/1,000 person-hospital days. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) (53 episodes, 29.3%) were the most common, followed by pneumonia (33 episodes, 18.2%). Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most common gram-positive organism, whereas Escherichia coli was the most common gram-negative organism. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) comprised 84% of the S. aureus infections. Imipenem resistance was detected in 58.8% and 55.0% of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, respectively. CONCLUSION: Between 2007 and 2011, UTIs were the most common type of HAIs, and MRSA was the most common pediatric HAI pathogen, both in the general ward and intensive care unit at the CAUH. Further research on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of HAIs is necessary and prevention measures should be implemented to prevent HAIs in children.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Delivery of Health Care ; Escherichia coli ; Health Care Costs ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Intensive Care Units ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Patient Safety ; Patients' Rooms ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Urinary Tract Infections

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the perception between professors and students regarding medical educators’ roles and discuss their desirable roles. Methods: A survey was administered to 116 professors and 379 students of the medical colleges from Dankook University and Hallym University. The subjects were given a self-created questionnaire designed to measure their perception of medical educators’ roles. Results: First, “student performance management” for professors and “teaching skill development” for students were recognized as the most essential medical educators’ role. Second, females students perceived the roles to be more important than males in eight of 10 roles. Conclusion First, “student performance management” for professors and “teaching skill development” for students were recognized as the most essential medical educators’ role. Second, females students perceived the roles to be more important than males in eight of 10 roles.