No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Health Expenditures*

Six species of the genus Laboulbenia were collected from some regions of Yunnan Province, China, in July, 1994. They are as follows; Laboulbenia acupapi Spegazzini was collected on Abacetus submetallicus (Nietner) and Stenolophus iridicolor Redtenbacher. The host of this fungus has been only found on genus Acupalpus in the world so far, but it was newly found on genus Abacetus and Stenolophus. Laboulbenia anoplogenii Thaxter subsp. abaceti Santamaria was collected on Abacetus submetallicus (Nietner). Laboulbenia elaphri Spegazzini was collected on Nebria ochotica Sahlberg, but the host of this fungus has been only found on genus Elaphrus in the world so far. It was newly collected on genus Nebria. Laboulnebia flagellata Peyritsch was collected on Harpalus platynotus Bates and Platynus sculptipes (Bates). Laboulbenia polyphaga Thaxter was collected on Harpalus bungii Chaudoir. Laboulbenia vulgaris Peyritsch was collected on Bembidion misellum Harold and Bembidon scopulium (Kirby).
Beetles ; China* ; Fungi

BACKGROUND: For the diagnosis of malaria, examination of blood smear slides by light microscopy is used as standard, and commercial kits detecting malarial antibodies and antigens are available, and molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are used additionally. But, these diagnostic methods can be performed when clinicians request them, so problems of misdiagnosing the patients who are not suspected malaria may be occurred. METHODS: In 42 Korean patients with malaria, the author analyzed the characteristic signals of malaria using granularity (90 degrees depolarized) versus lobularity (90 degrees polarized) graph of Cell-Dyn 4000 (CD4000) automatic hematologic analyzer. And, the author examined the presence of malaria in 421 random samples by CD4000 and Giemsa stain. RESULTS: The usefulness of CD4000 in diagnosing malaria are as follows, 93.0% sensitivity, 99.3% specificity, 93.0% positive-predictive value, and 99.3% negative-predictive value. CONCLUSION: CD4000 automatic hematology analyzer has high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing malaria. Because complete blood count (CBC) is the routine test for most patients, this method has advantage of time and cost effectiveness and can even detect malaria in unsuspected cases.
Antibodies ; Azure Stains ; Blood Cell Count ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diagnosis* ; Hematology* ; Humans ; Malaria* ; Microscopy ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after occupational physical injuries and the risk factors in occupational accident patients for PTSD. METHODS: Forty-seven occupational accident patients with physical injuries were administered BDI, STAI I and II, SCL-90-R, IES and questionnaires for risk factors and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS). RESULTS: 1) 12 patients(25%) were diagnosed as PTSD. 2) The BDI, STAI I and II and IES scores are significantly high(<0.05) in PTSD group than non-PTSD group. 3) The subscales of SCL-90-R, with an exception of PAR subscale, showed higher scores(<0.05) in PTSD group. 4) The loss of consciousness(LOC) was only significant risk factor in the occupational accident-related factors(<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the development of PTSD among occupational accident patients. The loss of consciousness(LOC) was the only signiticant risk factor for PTSD in occupational accident patients.
Accidents, Occupational* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*

BACKGROUND: Breast lesions in children and adolescents are rare and develop mainly in females. The management of breast masses in children and adolescents can be a perplexing problem for pediatricians and surgeons. It is well documented that breast lesions in females under 20 years of age rarely represent malignant disease. However, they frequently are a source of discomfort and anxiety for the patient, particularly when they do not resolve spontaneously. METHODS: To determine the frequency of different breast masses in females under 20 years of age on whom surgery was performed, we carried out a retrospective study of females under 20 years who were admitted to the Department. of Surgery of Soonchunhyang University Hospital for surgery between 1993 and 1995. RESULTS: The mean age was 17.9 years. A total of 44 surgical procedures were performed in 40 patients. The masses ranged in size from 0.8 cm through 7.0 cm. As to the location, the mass was in the right breast of 22 patients (50%) and in the left breast of 22 (50%). The most common location of the mass was in the right upper outer quadrant (13 patients, 29.5%). Of the 44 masses, fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed in 33 masses. Of them, 28 were fibroadenomas, 4 were fibrocystic disease, and 1 was a lipoma. Excisional biopsy was performed on 44 masses. Of them, 33 were fibroadenomas, 4 were fibrocystic disease, 5 was fibroadenoma and fibrocystic disease, 1 was a lipoma, and 1 was a lymphangioma. There were no malignancies. CONCLUSIONS: In female patients under 20 years of age, we suggest that benign breast should be studied for diagnosis, treatment, and histological feature.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female* ; Fibroadenoma ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Lymphangioma ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: The expression and secretion of ABH antigens in epithelial cells of glands are controlled by secretor type alpha (1,2)fucosyltrasnferase activity and the human secretor alpha (1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (Sec2) determines the ABH secretor status and influences the Lewis phenotype of an individual. Homozygosity of the mutation for this allele is responsible for the nonsecretor phenotype in nonsecretor individual. The aim of this study was to investigate the status and the distribution of the Sec2 genotype in the Korean population. METHODS: In order to explore the secretory genotypes of the Korean population, the 158 specimens were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) method designed for the detection of the A385T, the C357T and the G428A mutations of Se alleles. RESULTS: The frequencies of Se1, Se2 and sej among 316 alleles examined in a random sample of 158 Korean individuals were 11.1%, 40.5% and 48.4%. The frequencies of Se1/Se1, Se1/Se2, Se2/Se2, Se1/sej, Se2/sej and sej/sej among 158 genotypes were 3.2%, 3.2%, 20.3%, 12.7%, 37.3% and 23.4%. The G428A nonsense mutation discovered in the Sec2 gene of nonsecretors in Caucasian was not found in any of 158 Korean population. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of the genotypes of the Sec2 gene in the Korean population showed a rather wide distribution of the sej allele than the Caucasian population and was similar to the Japanese population. PCR-RFLP method can be effectively used for the genotyping of the Sec2 gene.
Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Codon, Nonsense ; Epithelial Cells ; Genotype ; Humans ; Phenotype

BACKGROUND: Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly identified viral pathogen, and its clinical epidemiology and significance in respiratory infections have not yet been completely elucidated. We investigated the prevalence of HBoV infection and the association between viral (HBoV) load and clinical features of the infection in patients of all age-groups. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with symptoms of respiratory infection were tested for presence of HBoV by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. HBoV-positive patients were categorized into low- and high-viral-load groups using 1.0x10(6) copies/mL as the threshold value of viral load. RESULTS: Detection rate of HBoV was 4.8% (N=93) in a total of 1,926 samples with peak incidence of infection being observed in patients aged 6-12 months. HBoV infection was more frequently observed in young children, especially, in children aged less than 5 yr, and the HBoV load decreased with increase in age. HBoV was codetected with other respiratory viruses in 17 (18.3%) of the 93 HBoV-positive patients and 15 patients (88.2%) belonged to the low-viral-load group. Patients infected with HBoV alone showed a higher viral load than those patients in whom HBoV was codetected with other respiratory viruses (median load, 3.78x10(5) copies/mL vs. 1.94x10(4) copies/mL, P=0.014). Higher pulse rate (P=0.007) and respiratory rate (P=0.021) were observed in patients with a high-viral-load. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HBoV may be the causative agent of respiratory infection in the high-viral-load group.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Female ; Human bocavirus/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx/virology ; Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology ; Viral Load

BACKGROUND: Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly identified viral pathogen, and its clinical epidemiology and significance in respiratory infections have not yet been completely elucidated. We investigated the prevalence of HBoV infection and the association between viral (HBoV) load and clinical features of the infection in patients of all age-groups. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with symptoms of respiratory infection were tested for presence of HBoV by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. HBoV-positive patients were categorized into low- and high-viral-load groups using 1.0x10(6) copies/mL as the threshold value of viral load. RESULTS: Detection rate of HBoV was 4.8% (N=93) in a total of 1,926 samples with peak incidence of infection being observed in patients aged 6-12 months. HBoV infection was more frequently observed in young children, especially, in children aged less than 5 yr, and the HBoV load decreased with increase in age. HBoV was codetected with other respiratory viruses in 17 (18.3%) of the 93 HBoV-positive patients and 15 patients (88.2%) belonged to the low-viral-load group. Patients infected with HBoV alone showed a higher viral load than those patients in whom HBoV was codetected with other respiratory viruses (median load, 3.78x10(5) copies/mL vs. 1.94x10(4) copies/mL, P=0.014). Higher pulse rate (P=0.007) and respiratory rate (P=0.021) were observed in patients with a high-viral-load. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HBoV may be the causative agent of respiratory infection in the high-viral-load group.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Female ; Human bocavirus/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx/virology ; Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology ; Viral Load

No abstract available.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Blood Cells/pathology ; Bone Marrow Cells/pathology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*drug therapy/radiotherapy ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/*diagnosis/etiology ; Lung Neoplasms/*drug therapy/radiotherapy ; Male

PURPOSE: Serum alkaline phosphatase (sALP) levels show great variation with age and sex in children and adolescents. We aimed to study pediatric age- and sex-specific reference ranges for sALP and how the pattern changed according to age . METHODS: Cross-sectional results from 1366 healthy Korean children and adolescents (10-19.9 years) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. We constructed age- and sex-specific reference data for sALP with a Hitachi Automatic Analyzer 7600 using Pureauto S ALP. We assessed its peak both in relation to age. RESULTS: Reference values for sALP according to age were constructed. Peak sALP levels were found at 12-13 years in boys (P < 0.001). Total sALP levels decreased to the adult level at the age of 17 in boys and 15 in girls, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study provides reference values for sALP by age for Korean children and adolescents. This normative data that includes upper and lower limits will provide a basis from which to better evaluate sALP levels, especially for bone disorders such as rickets and vitamin D deficiency. However, caution should be made in interpreting sALP levels because different buffers might lead to different values in the same serum.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Buffers ; Child ; Humans ; Nutrition Surveys ; Reference Values ; Rickets ; Sex Characteristics ; Vitamin D Deficiency