Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome is a rare clinical syndrome consisting of hemiatrophy of cerebral hemisphere, enlargement of ventricles and prominent pneumatization of petrous pyramid of the temporal bone. Its clinical manifestations are hemiparesis, several types of seizure, mental retardation and other neurologic deficits. We experienced a case of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome in a four months old boy who visited to our department due to right side upper extremity weakness and infantile spasm. The brain magnetic resonance imaging showed marked hemiatrophy of left cerebral hemisphere and enlargement of left lateral ventricle. So with the review of literatures, we report a case of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome with infantile spasm.
Brain ; Cerebrum ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Lateral Ventricles ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paresis ; Petrous Bone ; Seizures ; Spasms, Infantile* ; Temporal Bone ; Upper Extremity

Septo-optic dysplasia, as first described by de Morsier, is a rare developmental anomaly of absent or hypoplastic septum pellucidum, a primitive optic vesicle, and dysplasia of the optic nerve, chiasm, and optic tracts. It is a common cause of hypopituitarism in children and has variable hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. We experienced a case of septo-optic dysplasia in 5 month old female baby who presented with developmental delay and seizure. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed absence of the septum pellucidum and the fundoscopic examination disclosed the absence of left optic disc and atrophy of right optic disc.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Optic Nerve ; Seizures ; Septo-Optic Dysplasia* ; Septum Pellucidum ; Visual Pathways

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relationship between personality type, college admission SAT scores and GPA scores of student nurses. METHOD: The data was collected from 270 student nurses enrolled in a baccaleaureate program in Seoul. MBTI was used to identify students' personality and SAT score and GPA score were collected over 4 years. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS Win. package. RESULT: 1. There were slightly more extrovert (E) type (54.4%) students than the introvert (I) type; more sensing (S) type (71.1%) than the intuitive (N) type. 2. The introvert type students had significantly higher SAT scores than those of the extrovert type (p=.002). 3. The judging type students had significantly higher GPA scores throughout their college years than the perceiving type. 4. There was no statistically significant relationship between SAT and GPA scores. SAT scores did not accurately predict students' academic achievement in college in this sample. CONCLUSION: The distribution of the personality types in the sample was different from the general population which may suggest that college admission criteria is biased toward certain personality type. Since different personality types process information and cope with the outside world differently, effective teaching strategies need to be considered for each class.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Seoul

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of lacrimal endoscopy in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) and to compare the dacryocystography (DCG) and lacrimal endoscopic findings between patients with epiphora. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 31 eyes of 23 patients who underwent an irrigation test, DCG, and lacrimal endoscopy from December 2014 to February 2016. We compared the clinical characteristics, and dacryocystographic findings, and lacrimal endoscopic findings of the patients, and analyzed whether or not these findings agree. RESULTS: Thirty-one eyes showed complete obstruction (13 eyes, 41.9%), partial obstruction (7 eyes, 22.6%), or patency (11 eyes, 35.5%) on irrigation test. Thirteen eyes with complete obstruction on irrigation test presented with complete obstruction (11 eyes, 84.6%) or secondary dilation (2 eyes, 15.4%) of the lacrimal sac at DCG. In terms of the level of obstruction, there was no difference between the two examinations. However, twelve eyes with complete obstruction at DCG; showed narrowing (4 eyes, 33%), granulation tissue (3 eye, 25%), mucus occlusion (2 eyes, 17%), stones (1 eye, 8%), or mucosal edema (2 eyes, 17%) on lacrimal endoscopy. Nineteen eyes with partial obstruction at DCG showed narrowing (6 eyes, 32%), mucus (5 eye, 26%), granulation tissue (4 eyes, 21%), or stones (4 eyes, 21%) on lacrimal endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Lacrimal endoscopy allowed real-time observation inside the lacrimal passage that cannot be detected using DCG. Both methods provide comprehensive investigations of the nasolacrimal passage system, and these methods are complementary to understand the pathophysiology of nasolacrimal duct obstruction as well as planning treatment. Lacrimal endoscopy is very useful in investigating the lacrimal drainage passage in patients with NLDO, and this method is comparable to DCG.
Drainage ; Edema ; Endoscopy* ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases* ; Methods ; Mucus ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome*

BACKGROUND: Apoptosis plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, as well as in development and tissue homeostasis. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase mediated neck end labelling (TUNEL) and in situ nick end labelling (ISEL) have been used to investigate the apoptosis in tissues. Since the introduction of the M30 monoclonal antibody to overcome drawbacks of TUNEL and ISEL, the apoptosis in various tumors, with the exception of pulmonary carcinomas, has been studied. In this study, attempts were made to examine the correlation of apoptosis in non-small cell carcinomas, using both M30 and the expression of p53 protein, with the clinicopathological factors. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty five patients with surgically resected non-small cell carcinomas were included. Immunohistochemical staining with M30 and p53 monoclonal antibody were performed, and their expressions compared with the clinicopathological features. The overall survival time and recurrence-free survival time were calculated, and the factors influencing the survival time analyzed using a univariate analysis. The effects of the expression stati of M30 and p53 on the risks of cancer related to both death and recurrence were evaluated using a multivariate analysis. RESULT: The p53 positive group had many more M30 positive cells than the p53 negative group (p53 positive group; 61.7+/-26.8 cells vs. p53 negative group; 45.6+/-29.6 cells, p=0.005) and significantly more p53 positive patients showing at least 10 positive cells (apoptotic index, AI > or =1) on M30 staining (p53 positive group; 52.4% [11/21] vs. p53 negative group 16.7% [4/24], p=0.025). In the univariate analysis, the survival times in relation to smoking (pack-year), performance status (PS) and AI showed significant differences. The multivariate analysis demonstrated the relative risk (R.R) of cancer death increased almost 7.5-fold (R.R 7.482; 95% CI 1.886~29.678; p=0.004) and the risk of recurrence almost 3.8-fold (R.R 3.795; 95% CI; 1.184~12.158; p=0.025) in the high AI (> or =1) compared to the low AI (<1) group. There was no prognostic effect of p53 expression on the survival time or risk of cancer death and recurrence. CONCLUSION: In non-small cell lung carcinomas, M30 immunohistochemistry was an excellent method for analyzing apoptosis; the high apoptotic index could be an adverse prognostic predictive factor.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Death ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Smoke ; Smoking

BACKGROUND: Transfusion is a choice of treatment and should be used in order to maintain patients' lives and health. In order to supply safe blood, the quality improvements of hospital blood collection centers should be periodically monitored. To establish systematic surveillance of blood management system, we would like to suggest proper program. METHODS: Twenty-nine hospital small scale blood centers, collects less than 100 units of blood collection per year, were evaluated. Qualified were selected among blood bank specialists who were eligible to simultaneously perform inspections and consultations, and who had attended inspectors' workshop. RESULTS: Among twenty-five blood collection centers, four blood collection centers were closed prior to inspections. Among them, two blood collection centers were evaluated as inadequate. Among adequate centers, some questionnaires were evaluated as "not applicable" mainly for reasons pertaining to personnel and facilities, such as blood component preparation rooms and/or center administrators. CONCLUSION: A checklist for an inspection program should be reviewed continuously. Additionally, detailed guidelines for inspection should be standardized prior to commencing of subsequent year's inspection program. Finally, guidelines for inspection should be established for every questionnaire.
Blood Banks ; Checklist ; Quality Improvement ; Referral and Consultation ; Specialization ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized job description for dietitians working in the public health nutrition area. Work-oriented job analysis methodology was employed for the study purpose. Subjects of 38 dietitians currently working at health centers in 2002 were recruited. Based on the focus group interview with 7 public health nutritionists and 7 professors, information about task elements was collected. Questionnaires measuring work performance and self-perception of importance of the selected task elements were administered. Reliability and validity of this instrument were tested by Chronbach's alpha and factor analysis. SAS PC package program was used for the statistical analysis. The final developed job description for public health nutritionists included 5 duties, 20 tasks and 93 task elements. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) 5 duty areas are A. plan and evaluation of public health nutrition services, B. developing nutrition education materials, C. implementing nutrition services, D. networking community, and E. self development. 2) Each duty area from A to E was composed with 6, 2, 6, 4, 2 tasks, respectively. 3) Each duty area from A to E was composed with 24, 8, 38, 14, 9, and 2 task elements, respectively.
Focus Groups ; Job Description ; Phenothiazines ; Public Health ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Concept

The purpose of this study was to analyze task performance and importance level of the dietitian who is working in the public health nutrition area. Work oriented job analysis methodology was employed for the study purpose. Subjects of 38 dietitians currently working at health centers in 2002 were recruited. Based on the focus group interview with 7 public health nutritionists and 7 professors, information about task elements was collected. Questionnaires measuring work performance and self-perception of importance of the selected task elements were administered. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The tasks with high performance and importance level among 20 tasks are developing nutrition education material (B1), nutrition services for adults and the elderly (C3), writing the proposal for nutrition services (A2), evaluating service effect (A4), improving professionalism (E1), and self management (E2). 2) The task elements with high performance and importance level among weekly task elements are nutrition education for diabetes (C56), nutrition counseling for adults (C47), nutrition for hypertension (C53), managing and keeping records (C80), nutrition education for kindergarten and nursery school children (C42), searching for nutrition education materials (B26), and searching for media (B27). 3) The number of task elements with high performance and importance level among monthly task elements are 13 in the planning and evaluation of public health nutrition service, and 5 in developing nutrition education materials. The tasks of a dietitian in the public health center show a very wide spectrum. However dietitians recognize most of the tasks are important even though they cannot perform those tasks adequately.
Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Counseling ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Public Health ; Schools, Nursery ; Self Care ; Self Concept ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Writing

The purpose of this study was to analyze task performance and importance level of the dietitian who is working in the public health nutrition area. Work oriented job analysis methodology was employed for the study purpose. Subjects of 38 dietitians currently working at health centers in 2002 were recruited. Based on the focus group interview with 7 public health nutritionists and 7 professors, information about task elements was collected. Questionnaires measuring work performance and self-perception of importance of the selected task elements were administered. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The tasks with high performance and importance level among 20 tasks are developing nutrition education material (B1), nutrition services for adults and the elderly (C3), writing the proposal for nutrition services (A2), evaluating service effect (A4), improving professionalism (E1), and self management (E2). 2) The task elements with high performance and importance level among weekly task elements are nutrition education for diabetes (C56), nutrition counseling for adults (C47), nutrition for hypertension (C53), managing and keeping records (C80), nutrition education for kindergarten and nursery school children (C42), searching for nutrition education materials (B26), and searching for media (B27). 3) The number of task elements with high performance and importance level among monthly task elements are 13 in the planning and evaluation of public health nutrition service, and 5 in developing nutrition education materials. The tasks of a dietitian in the public health center show a very wide spectrum. However dietitians recognize most of the tasks are important even though they cannot perform those tasks adequately.
Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Counseling ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Public Health ; Schools, Nursery ; Self Care ; Self Concept ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Writing

PURPOSE: To investigate the visual prognosis, the interval, and the rate of development of after-cataract following cataract surgery in atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Twenty eyes of 13 patients diagnosed as cataract associated with atopic dermatitis were operated between January, 1994 and January, 2000. Visual acuity, postoperative inflammatory reaction, the interval, and the rate of development of after-cataract were investigated and compared with the cataract cases without atopic dermatitis. RESULTS: The average preoperative best corrected visual acuity of 20 eyes was 0.23+/-0.22. The average postoperative best corrected visual acuity at 1, 2, 7, and 12 months after surgery were 0.78+/-0.23, 0.83+/-0.16, 0.78+/-0.23, 0.83+/-0.26, respectively. These values showed no significant difference compared to the postoperative visual acuity of the cataract cases without atopic dermatitis. Aqueous flares measured with laser flare meter were 15.09+/-9.20, 11.15+/-4.68, and 7.38+/-0.75 photon counts/millisecond at 10 days, 1, and 2 months after surgery, which did not seem to influence the final visual acuity and the development of after-cataract (p>0.05). Among the 20 eyes, 66.67% finally developed after-cataract and the average time interval of the development of after-cataract was 11.25+/-4.22 months. CONCLUSIONS: Visual prognosis following cataract surgery in atopic dermatitis is good, while after-cataract seems to develop more frequently and earlier compared to the cases without atopic dermatitis.
Aqueous Humor ; Cataract* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Prognosis* ; Visual Acuity