BACKGROUND: Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) is a critical event in the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelin-1(ET-1), a vasoconstrictor peptide produced by endothelial cells and VSMC, might play a role in vascular remodeling. To investigate the proposed 'mitogenic' potential of ET-1, we examined the effects of ET-1 on the proliferation if cultured porcine aortic VSMC and on the potential synergism with platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: VSMC were obtained from porcine aorta and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplmented with 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS). VSMC grown subconfluently in 12-well plate were stimulated by ET-1, PDGF, and ET-1 & PDGF and DNA synthesis was determined as the uptake of 3H-thymidine into cell cultures. We also examined the effects of BQ123, a selective ETA receptor antagonist, and NG-methyl-L-arginine(NMLA), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. RESULTS: ET-1 elicited a 2.5-fold increase of cultured VSMC DNA synthesis, comparing with basal medium, and PDGF elicited a 4.8-fold increase, whereas ET-1 and PDGF elicited a 8.8-fold increase, showing synergistic effect. Proliferative activity of ET-1 on VSMC was blocked(39%) by BQ123, however, the synergistic effect of ET-1 and PDGF was not blocked by BQ123. The synergistic effect of ET-1 and PDGF was increased when co-stimulated with NMLA. CONCLUSION: ET-1 is a co-mitogen for VSMC from porcine aorta, whose proliferative activity requires serum or other growth factors such as PDGF for its maximal activity. The proliferative activity of ET-1 is considered to be transduced partly by selective activation of the ETA receptor, however, the synergistic effect of of ET-1 and PDGF is to be stimulated by non-ETA receptor.
Aorta ; Atherosclerosis ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Proliferation* ; DNA ; Eagles ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelin-1* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effects of a delirium management program on nursing practice and nurses' stress in comprehensive nursing care service units. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 70 nurses in comprehensive nursing care service units. The nurses were assigned to either a experimental group (n=35) or a control group (n=35). The experimental group received a delirium management program. Data were analyzed using χ² test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and ANCOVA. RESULTS: The experimental group showed higher nursing practice than the control group (F=7.86, p=.007). The experimental group showed lower nurses' stress than the control group (F=10.73 p=.002). CONCLUSION The findings indicated that a delirium management program was an effective intervention to improve nursing practice and reduce nurses' stress in comprehensive nursing care service units.

Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is becoming more widely used in analyzing the fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) from various organs, including the thyroid and breast. Compared to the conventional smear, LBC can achieve more consistent cellularity and evenly distributed mono-layered cell preparations and it can diminish the obscuring background, thus lower the rate of 'unsatisfactory' specimens. The cytomorphological details are better preserved with LBC, and it also provides the opportunity to perform ancillary tests such as immunocytochemical or molecular studies. It requires less time and manpower for screening, too. Yet there are drawbacks for the liquid-based technique. The cell clusters tend to be more fragmented and they often lose their typical structural characteristics that may have helped in making a diagnosis. Some useful background material such as colloid and mucin is diminished. However, LBC still retains many of the cytological features of a conventional smear and possesses unique characteristics as well. Here, some of the typical cytological findings of the liquid-based technique for FNA of the thyroid and breast are reviewed. Experience and awareness of the cytomorphological characteristics of liquid-based technique in non-gynecological aspirates is crucial for correct interpretation.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast ; Colloids ; Mass Screening ; Mucins ; Thyroid Gland

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of forced air warming on intraoperative and postoperative body temperature, postoperative shivering and pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group was utilized. Fifty eight patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited and assigned to the experimental group (n=29) or control group (n=29). For the experimental group, forced air warming was applied from right after induction and up to one hour after surgery. Body temperature, shivering score and pain score were measured in both groups at 15 minute intervals. Data were collected from September, 2013 to April, 2014. Data were analyzed using t-test, Bonferroni test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The experimental group showed higher body temperature than the control group during surgery. After surgery the experimental group showed higher body temperature, lower shivering and less pain compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Results show that forced air warming is effective in enhancing body temperature and reducing shivering and pain. Therefore, forced air warming is recommended as an operative nursing intervention.
Body Temperature* ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Shivering*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Korean hand acupressure on pain and abdominal bloating of patients receiving laparoscopic surgery. METHODS: This study was a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group pre-post test. The experimental group and the control group were 39 patients each who were hospitalized at gynecology ward of a hospital located in Gyeonggi-do. The experimental group received Korean hand acupressure therapy on the meridian point: A5, A6, H3, H7, I38 for 48 hours immediately after the surgery. Pain and abdominal bloating were measured at 5 times. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 18.0. RESULTS: The experimental group showed lower pain score than the control group (p<.001). While there was no significant difference in abdominal bloating (p=.528), the time effect was significantly different (p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that Korean hand acupressure reduces pain and abdominal bloating of laparoscopic surgery patients.
Acupressure* ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Gyeonggi-do ; Gynecology ; Hand* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Laparoscopy

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of grit, emotional labor and organizational intimacy on nurses' intention to stay to work in comprehensive nursing care service units. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Participants were 192 nurses working in comprehensive nursing care service units at a general hospital. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program for descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Results: Intention to stay was positively correlated with grit (r=.28, p=.002), opportunity of forming (r=.17, p=.022), and expansion of intimacy (r=.24, p=.001). The influencing factors on nurses' intention to stay in comprehensive nursing care service units were the work department (β=.23, p=.002) and grit (β=.21, p=.003). Grit and work department explained 13.0% of variances of nurses' intention to stay. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that nurse's grit plays an important role in continuing to work in a comprehensive nursing service unit. It is recommended to develop a program that includes strategies for improving grit.

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily is estimated to participate in the biotransformation of 50% of the currently prescribed drugs. Four members of the CYP3A subfamily have been identified in humans: CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43. Initial data suggested that CYP3A5 accounts for only a small proportion of the total hepatic CYP3A in about 20% of samples, but it was later revealed that CYP3A5 represents more than 50% of the total CYP3A amount in some individuals. Several genetic variants have been described for the CYP3A5 gene, of which the CYP3A5*3 allele (gA6986G), the most common form and leading to the loss of CYP3A5 activity, has been extensively investigated in the aspect of pharmacokinetics and disease risk. This review summarized the molecular characteristics of the CYP3A5 gene, and discusses the association of the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism with disease risks such as cancer and hypertension, along with its role in the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A substrates.
Alleles ; Biotransformation ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pharmacogenetics ; Pharmacokinetics

No abstract available.
Beauty ; Burns ; Cicatrix

No abstract available.

No abstract available.