Among exocrine pancreatic tumors, adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare, aggressive subtype with a poor prognosis and a high potential for metastases compared with its more conventional glandular counterpart, adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. We herein describe the imaging findings of pancreatic adenosquamous cell carcinoma with solitary liver metastasis showing different imaging features and also review the previous literature to recognize characteristic imaging features of pancreatic adenosquamous cell carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Liver* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pancreas ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the swallowing posture and liquid thickness on the easiness of pill swallowing in healthy adults. METHOD: The subjects were 12 healthy young group (19-40 years) and 10 elderly group (65- years). Each subject was examined under videofluoroscopy while swallowing barium-containing placebo pills with six different methods: free fluid with neutral (FN), chin down (FD), chin up (FU), head rotated to left (FL), head rotated to right postures (FR), and thickened fluid with neutral posture (TN). The subjects rated their ease of pill swallowing on a 5-point Likert scale. Time variables were evaluated from the videofluoroscopy images. RESULT: FD, FU and FL were rated significantly less comfortable than FN for pill swallowing. Duration from the start signal to the mandible angle and to laryngeal elevation was significantly prolonged with FD and FL compared to FN. Duration from the start signal to the upper esophageal sphincter was significantly prolonged with FD compared to FN. There were no significant differences on either easiness of swallowing or the time variables between FN and TN. Duration from the start signal to the mandible angle and to the upper esophageal sphincter was significantly longer in the elderly group than the young group with all swallowing methods except FU. In the elderly group, duration from the start signal to laryngeal elevation was significantly shorter with FU than FN. CONCLUSION: Chin down posture is uncomfortable and prolong swallowing time during pill swallowing. In the neutral posture, pill swallowing with thickened fluid is comparable to that with free fluid. Chin up posture may shorten pill swallowing time in elderly.
Adult* ; Aged ; Chin ; Deglutition Disorders ; Deglutition* ; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper ; Fluoroscopy ; Head ; Humans ; Mandible ; Methods ; Posture*

PURPOSE: As breast cancer screening becomes more popular in Korea, incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of breast has increased to more than 10% of all breast cancer diagnosed. We aimed to show the clinicopathological characteristics and factors affecting recurrence of DCIS in Korean women. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 152 DCIS patients who underwent breast conserving surgery in Seoul National University Hospital between January 1995 and December 2005. RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 46.7 years (24 to 66 years). Mean follow up duration of the patients was 73.82 months (0.80 to 168.43 months). Recurrence of disease occurred in 19 (12.5%) patients: 2 in contralateral breast, 15 in ipsilateral breast, and 2 in axilla. One patient showed ipsilateral breast recur after excision of axillary metastasis. Eight (42.11%) of all recurrence was infiltrating ductal carcinoma and one of them showed bone metastasis during follow up. In an multivariate analysis of factors affecting recurrence, younger age at diagnosis and omission of radiotherapy had significant association with recurrence (p=0.005 and p=0.002, respectively). However, tumor size (p=0.862), microinvasion (p=0.988), histologic grade (p=0.157), estrogen receptor status (p=0.401) and resection margin status (p=0.112) were not significantly correlated with recurrence. There was no breast cancer associated mortality. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that the younger age at diagnosis and omission of adjuvant radiotherapy are independent predictors of recurrence in Korean DCIS patients.
Axilla ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Estrogens ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies