Being the leading cause of death among both urban and rural residents in Hunan Province, China, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases hold a significant position in the region's public health landscape. Their prevalence and impact not only underscore the urgency of effective disease prevention and control but also provide crucial guidance for future initiatives. Consequently, the Hunan Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Health and Disease Report Summary (2020) hereinafter referred to as the "Annual Report", serves as an extensive and informative document. It meticulously examines the current status of these diseases, highlighting both the existing challenges and opportunities for prevention and control efforts in Hunan Province. The primary objective of this report is to furnish valuable insights and evidence that will empower and enrich future endeavors aimed at combatting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases within the region. In 2017, the year of life expectancy lost due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Hunan Province remained higher than the national average. Additionally, the per capita life expectancy in 2019 (77.1 years) was slightly lower by 0.2 years compared with the national average (77.3 years). Alarmingly, the mortality rates associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were consistently ranking highest, indicating an upward trajectory. Moreover, the prevalence and mortality rates of conditions such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke, all encompassed within the domain of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, surpassed the national averages. Consequently, the economic burden attributable to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is on the rise. And under vertical comparison, in 2019, the life expectancy per capita in Hunan Province increased by 1.26 years compared with 2015. The incidence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events decreased by 8.34% compared with 2017. A new model of hypertension medical and preventive integration has been established with the efforts of many experts in Hunan Province, and full coverage of standardised outpatient clinics for hypertension at the grassroots level has been realised. The rate of standardised management of patients with hypertension under management in Changsha County, a demonstration area, rose to 65.27%, and the incidence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, the incidence rate of stroke, and the mortality rate due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were reduced by 28.08%, 28.62%, and 25.00%, respectively. Hunan Province has made significant strides in the prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in recent years.
Humans ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology* ; Life Expectancy ; Incidence ; Stroke/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Hypertension

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Public Health Practice

PURPOSE: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and stroke in Korean male adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed all medical certificates, medical records, and radiologic images from the examinations of Korean military conscription from January 2008 to May 2011. RESULTS: Of the 101156 examinees, 40 had CVD and stroke during adolescence. The overall prevalence and incidence of CVD and stroke was 39.54 cases per 100000 adolescents and 2.08 cases per 100000 adolescents per year, respectively and these were similar to the worldwide data. There were 3 cases of aneurysm, 3 cases of dural arteriovenous fistula, 11 cases of arteriovenous malformation, 4 cases of cavernous hemangioma, 4 cases of cerebrovascular infarction, 16 cases of Moyamoya disease, and 1 case of missing data. The incidence of arteriovenous malformation (0.57 cases per 100000 adolescents per year) was lower than the incidence for the worldwide general population. The incidence of Moyamoya disease was higher than that in any other country (15.82 cases per 100000 adolescents, vs. 0.83 cases per 100000 adolescents per year). CONCLUSION: We observed ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, each accounting for approximately half of cases, and high incidence of Moyamoya disease with low incidence of arteriovenous malformation in Korean male adolescents.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Moyamoya Disease/epidemiology ; Stroke/*epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has recently increased. Payments from the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation for compensation for mortality in workers caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have also increased in Korea in recent years. The association of metabolic syndrome and cardiocere brovascular disease has been investigated by several researchers in recent studies. This study was conducted in an attempt to characterize the relationship between metabolic syndrome and Korean cardiocerebrovascular disease risk assessment, and to provide basic data to group health practices for the prevention of cardiocere brovascular disease. METHODS: Health examinations were previously conducted for 1526 male researchers at a private laboratory. The prevalence by age and the odds ratio of metabolic syndrome scores into the "cardiocerebrovascular risk group" (sum of low, intermediate, and high risk groups) of the Korean cardiocerebrovascular disease risk assessment were assessed, in an effort to elucidate the associations between metabolic syndrome and cardiocere brovascular disease risk assessment. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and inclusion in the cardiocerebrovascular risk group was 11.7% and 22.1% respectively. The severity of metabolic syndrome and cardiocerebrovascular risk assessment showed that individuals in their 40's and 50's were at higher risk than those in their 30's (p<0.001). The age-adjusted odds ratio of metabolic syndrome to cardiocere brovascular risk group inclusion was 5.6. CONCLUSIONS: An active prevention program for cardiocerebrovascular disease needs to begin in the 40's, as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the risk group of cardiocerebrovascular risk assessment peak in the 40's age group. The odds ratio between metabolic syndrome and the cardiocerebrovascular risk group was high, which indicates that metabolic syndrome scores should be utilized as guidelines during the consultation and behavioral modification program for the workplace prevention of cardiocerebrovascular diseases in group health practices.
Age Distribution ; Cardiovascular Diseases/economics/*epidemiology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/complications/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/complications/*epidemiology ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVETo study and analysis prevalence and incidence of target organ injury and the relative factors for isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in Beijing.

METHODS1002 cases aged 80 to 99 years were investigated in 28 cadre retirement centers in Beijing. Blood pressure was taken for three times with mercurial sphygmomanometer in every person, the mean values were recorded and the relative material was gathered according to questionnaire after the health education. Physical examination form of outpatient department and inpatient case history in fixed hospital were analyzed.

RESULTSIn 1002 very old persons, there were 673 hypertensive patients (67.2%) and 455 ISH (45.4%). Among all hypertensive patients, the rate of ISH was 67.6% and double hypertension was 32.4%. Awareness rate was 87.90% and 97.71%, taking antihypertensive drug rate was 77.58% and 80.73%, control rate was 58.68% and 62.84% in ISH and in double hypertension group, respectively, which were no significant differences between the two groups. There was no significant difference in morbidities of cardiac heart disease, myocardial infarction and chronic renal insufficiency between the two groups. The incidences of heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, disability and dementia were 4.62% and 8.72%, 41.54% and 55.50%, 10.55% and 16.06%, 8.57% and 12.84% in ISH and double hypertension group, respectively, which were significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01). The susceptible age period for ISH was 70 to 79 years in this study.

CONCLUSIONISH is more common in hypertensive patients in very old persons at 28 cadre retirement centers in Beijing. Morbidity of heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, disability and dementia were higher in double hypertension group compared with those in ISH group. The results showed that increase of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was more dangerous than that of systolic pressure only for very old persons. The improvement of small arterial plastic and the control of blood pressure to target level (< 140/90 mm Hg) in very old hypertensive patients are very important for decreasing the incidence of target organ injury and increasing their life quality and late survival rate.

Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; epidemiology ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Systole

Objective To explore the effect of air temperature on the hospitalization of rural residents with cardiovascular diseases and its lag effect in Dingxi city. Methods The meteorological data and air pollution data of Dingxi city from 2018 to 2019,as well as the daily hospitalization data of rural residents due to cardiovascular diseases,were collected.The distributed lag non-linear models were employed to analyze the relationship between daily mean air temperature and the number of inpatients with cardiovascular diseases.Meanwhile,stratified analysis was carried out according to gender,age,and disease. Results There was a non-linear relationship between air temperature and the number of hospitalized rural residents with cardiovascular diseases in Dingxi city.The exposure-response curve approximated a bell shape.The curves for different cardiovascular diseases appeared similar shapes,with different temperature thresholds.Low temperature(-7 ℃) and moderately low temperature(0 ℃) exhibited a cumulative lag effect on the number of patients hospitalized with cardiovascular diseases.With a cumulative lag of 7 days at -7 ℃ and 14 days at 0 ℃,the RR values peaked,which were 1.121(95% CI=1.002-1.255) and 1.198(95% CI=1.123-1.278),respectively.With a cumulative lag of 14 days at 0 ℃,the RR values were 1.034(95% CI=1.003-1.077) and 1.039(95% CI=1.004-1.066) for the number of hospitalized patients with ischemic heart disease and heart rhythm disorders,respectively.The cumulative lag effects of moderately high temperature(17 ℃) and high temperature(21 ℃) on ischemic heart disease,heart rhythm disorders,and cerebrovascular disease all peaked on that day.Specifically,the RR values at 17 ℃ and 21 ℃ were 1.148(95% CI=1.092-1.206) and 1.176(95% CI=1.096-1.261) for ischemic heart disease,1.071(95% CI=1.001-1.147) and 1.112(95% CI=1.011-1.223) for heart rhythm disorders,and 1.084(95% CI=1.025-1.145) and 1.094(95% CI=1.013-1.182) for cerebrovascular disease,respectively.There was no cumulative lag effect of air temperature on the number of hospitalized patients with heart failure.In addition,stratified analysis showed that low temperature(-7 ℃) and moderately low temperature(0 ℃) affected the number of hospitalized female patients with cardiovascular diseases,and only moderately low temperature(0 ℃) affected males.The cumulative lag effect of high temperature on females was higher than that on males.Air temperature exhibited a stronger impact on female patients than on male patients. Additionally,the population aged<65 years old was more sensitive to low temperature and high temperature than that aged ≥65 years old. Conclusions Air temperature changes increase the hospitalization risk of rural residents with cardiovascular diseases in Dingxi city,which presents a lag effect.The effects of air temperature on patients hospitalized due to cardiovascular diseases varied among different etiologies,genders,and ages.It is necessary to emphasize on the impact of temperature changes on health in residents,especially for key populations such as females,people aged<65 years old,and those with ischemic heart disease.
Aged ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology* ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia/epidemiology* ; Temperature

The concept of vascular dementia is not still established. Its pathogenesis is not completely understood, either. It may be different among the subtypes, e.g., ischemic, hemorrhaginc, or Binswanger's disease. In this article epidemiology of vascular dementia was reviewed, based on the important findings regarding to prevalence, ethnic difference in prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and natural history and survival. We have to wait for more elegant concept of and better understanding of vascular dementia.
Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Dementia, Vascular* ; Epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Natural History ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the factors influencing cardio-cerebro vascular death events among people over 40 years of age in Shandong area, China.

METHODSBaseline survey was carried out in 1991. A total number of 11,008 adults over 40 years old had been studied in Shandong province. Data on cardiocerebro death was collected. The correlation between influencing factors and cardio-cerebro vascular death events was analyzed by Cox regression model.

RESULTSTotally, 434 cardio-cerebro death events occurred among the 11,008 subjects during the 8-year follow-up study. Cardio-cerebro death events were related to systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, stroke history and age. Data from Cox regression analysis showed that the relative risk (RR) for cardio-cerebro vascular death events increased by 2.862 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.976-4.144] times for those people having stroke history. When systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure increased by every 10 mm Hg, the relative risk for cardio-cerebro vascular death events increased by 1.171 (95% CI: 1.033-1.328), 1.214 (95% CI: 1.044-1.413) respectively. it was found that a 1.239 (95% CI: 1.088-1.553) times higher in smokers than non-smokers on relative risk for cardio-cerebro vascular death events. However, the predictive values of the influencing factors for cardio-cerebro vascular death were different among population of different years of age. The relative risk for cardio-cerebro vascular death events increased by 1.366 (95% CI: 1.102-1.678) times for each 10 mm Hg increase of diastolic blood pressure in 40-59 years old population. However, the effect was taken place by systolic blood pressure in 60-74 years old population,with a relative risk of 1.201 (95% CI: 1.017-1.418) for each 10 mm Hg increase. Age seemed the only significant factor for cardio-cerebro vascular death events on population aged more than 75 years old. Conclusion The predictive values of the risk factors were different among age groups. The different risk factors should be taken care according to the difference of age.

Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; mortality ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; mortality ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) is a major comorbidity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical characteristics and outcomes remain unclear. In this study, 102 cases of COVID-19 from January 22, 2020 to March 26, 2020 in Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou were included. Twenty cases had pre-existing CCVD. Results showed that compared with non-CCVD patients, those with CCVD are more likely to develop severe disease (15% versus 1%), and the proportion of pneumonia severity index grade IV was significantly higher (25% versus 3.6%). Computed tomography images demonstrated that the proportion of multiple lobe lesion involvement was significantly higher in the CCVD group than in the non-CCVD group (90% versus 63.4%). Compared with non-CCVD group, the levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and serum amyloid-A were higher, whereas the total protein and arterial partial PaO
COVID-19 ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: Predictive models were used to evaluate the impact of common risk factors on the number of cardio-cerebrovascular deaths and the probability of premature death. Methods: Using the data for China estimated by the Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (GBD 2015), we calculated the population attribution fraction (PAF) of risk factors. The proportional change model was used to estimate the number of unattributable deaths by 2030, and to predict the number of deaths, mortality, standardized mortality and probability of premature death by 2030. Results: According to the natural change trend of risk factors from 1990 to 2015, the number of deaths and mortality would reach 6.12 million and 428.53/100 000 by 2030, with an increase of 59.92% and 52.87%. By 2030, the probability of premature death from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among Chinese aged 30-70 years old would continue to decline, from 11.43% to 11.28% for men, and from 5.79% to 4.43% for women. If the goals of all included risk factors were reached by 2030, 2 289 200 cardio-cerebrovascular deaths would be avoided. If only the exposure to a single risk factor was achieved by 2030, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fine particulate matter exposure were the three most important factors affecting cardio-cerebrovascular deaths, which would reduce 1 332 800, 609 100 and 306 800 deaths, respectively. Among the involved risk factors, the control of blood pressure would mostly decrease the number of deaths due to ischemic heart disease and hemorrhagic stroke, about 677 300 and 391 100 deaths, accordingly. Conclusion: The control of risk factors is of great significance in reducing deaths and probability of premature death due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. If the control targets of all risk factors could be achieved by 2030, the burden of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases would be reduced greatly.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality, Premature ; Risk Factors