In this paper a new type of cerebral circulation is introduced, including the basic principal, parameter algorithms and equipment design. The analyzer is developed on the basis of previous cerebral circulation analyzer and combined with the latest development of hemodynamics. It has the advantages of previous analyzer and overcomes its shortcomings frequently encountered in clinical that unable to finish the analysis without detection of all the intracranial vessels. It provides new functional module and adds indices such as hydraulic power, carotidshear stress, comprehensive index etc. This analyzer can be used for cerebral circulation dynamic analysis and auxiliary diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases.
Algorithms ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; Equipment Design ; Hemodynamics ; Humans

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique is a kind of perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging method that is based on endogenous contrast, and it can measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) noninvasively. The ASL technique has advantages of noninvasiveness, simplicity and relatively lower costs so that it is more suitable for longitudinal studies compared with previous perfusion methods, such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), CT and the contrast agent based magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. This paper mainly discusses the current clinical applications of ASL in brain diseases as cerebrovascular diseases, brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy, etc.
Animals ; Brain Diseases ; diagnosis ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Perfusion ; Spin Labels

Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; diagnosis ; Vasculitis ; diagnosis

Cardiovascular Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the importance and performance of nursing interventions linked to five nursing diagnoses in CVA patients. METHODS: First, total 37 nursing diagnoses were identified from the analysis of 78 nursing records of CVA patients, and then top 5 diagnoses were mapped with nursing interventions. Second, each intervention was compared in terms of importance and performance by 80 nurses working at neurosurgical units from 5 general hospitals. Data were analyzed using mean, SD, and t-test using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Selected the top five nursing diagnoses were Acute Pain, Risk for Disuse Syndrome, Decreased Intracranial Adaptive Capacity, Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion and Acute Confusion. In general, most of the interventions were scored higher in importance than performance and most of independent interventions were not performed as frequently as it perceived in importance. The interventions which scored high in performance were the interventions ordered by physician or interventions related to medication behavior. CONCLUSION: We identified which nursing interventions should be performed more frequently and more critically important to nursing diagnoses. We recommend further research that enhances the performance of nursing interventions to provide better quality of nursing services to the patients in practice.
Acute Pain ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Records ; Nursing Services ; Perfusion

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the importance and performance of nursing interventions linked to five nursing diagnoses in CVA patients. METHODS: First, total 37 nursing diagnoses were identified from the analysis of 78 nursing records of CVA patients, and then top 5 diagnoses were mapped with nursing interventions. Second, each intervention was compared in terms of importance and performance by 80 nurses working at neurosurgical units from 5 general hospitals. Data were analyzed using mean, SD, and t-test using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Selected the top five nursing diagnoses were Acute Pain, Risk for Disuse Syndrome, Decreased Intracranial Adaptive Capacity, Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion and Acute Confusion. In general, most of the interventions were scored higher in importance than performance and most of independent interventions were not performed as frequently as it perceived in importance. The interventions which scored high in performance were the interventions ordered by physician or interventions related to medication behavior. CONCLUSION: We identified which nursing interventions should be performed more frequently and more critically important to nursing diagnoses. We recommend further research that enhances the performance of nursing interventions to provide better quality of nursing services to the patients in practice.
Acute Pain ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Records ; Nursing Services ; Perfusion

Careful history taking, clinical course of the disease, and neurological examination are mandatory to differentiate cerebrovascular disease from other neurological diseases or even from non-neurological diseases. Cerebrovascular diseases can be classified as ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. More specified classification of ischemic stroke according to the presumptive ischemic mechanism may be helpful to the treatment and secondary prevention. The unique clinical characteristics of ischemic stroke of different subtypes and diagnostic tests are described.
Cerebrovascular Disorders* ; Classification ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Neurologic Examination ; Secondary Prevention ; Stroke

Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged

Brain ; pathology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in stroke therapies require patients to be treated very early after the onset of symptoms. To reduce the delay in time upon stroke and arriving at the hospital, we assessed the time delay, stroke recognition, and awareness before and after a public education program designed to increase recognition and awareness. METHODS: Prospective standardized and structured interviews were performed in 155 patients with ischemic stroke who were admitted to the Severance hospital before and after the public education program. The educational program included local newspaper articles, distribution of pamphlets, and lectures to 119 emergency care teams. Time delay, variable factors, stroke recognition, and stroke awareness of patients were then assessed (75 pre-education and 80 post-education groups). RESULTS: 52% of the pre-education group and 52.5% of the post-education group arrived at the hospital within 24 hours. Those who arrived within 3 hours were only 21.3% and 15% respectively. A direct visit to the hospital and a cardioembolic infarction appeared to be associated with a shorter time delay. About half of the patients recognized their symptoms as a stroke before a diagnosis was made by a doctor. Most of them had known that a stroke should be treated urgently. However, the stroke recognition and awareness was not associated with an early arrival, which suggests that their knowledge was not solid. The efforts to inform the public using local newspaper articles and pamphlets geared towards the local residents for the limited time period was not effective in shortening arrival times. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the stroke patients did not arrive within the therapeutic time window. Our findings suggest that extensive and multi-directional campaigns should be performed to reduce the time delay. Our findings also suggest that educational aims should include the need for the rapid treatment of stroke and a therapeutic time window as well as stroke recognition.
Cerebral Infarction ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Infarction ; Lectures ; Periodicals ; Pamphlets ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke*