No abstract available.
Animals ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea*

When hydrocephalus develops, excessive cerebrospinal fluid accumulation usually occurs within the ventricular system, leading to a ventriculomegaly caused by increased intracranial pressure. Shunt malfunction, a common complication after a shunt operation, usually occurs, together with recurring ventricular dilatation. The authors report a case of shunt malfunction which manifested as a porencephalic cyst along the proximal catheter. The cyst subsided after the replacement of the shunt system, and this led to the patient's clinical improvement. We postulate that although the region around a catheter is an unusual site for cerebrospinal fluid collection, this finding should be considered as a shunt obstruction. The possible mechanism of reversible porencephaly is discussed and the literature is briefly reviewed.
Catheters ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Dilatation ; Hydrocephalus ; Intracranial Pressure

Isoflurane is often prefered to for neuroanesthesia because it has the least effect on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid pressure changes. The author performed this study to compare the change of the intracranial pressure following the increasing concentration of isoflurane in 10 cats. The results were as follows, 1) 1ntracranial pressure was increased significantly with 1.5% (p<0.05) and 2.0% (p < 0.005) isoflurane administration, but there was no significant increase with administration of 1.0% isoflurane. 2) Cerebral perfusion pressure was decreased significantly with 1.0% (p<0.01), 1.5% (p<0.005) and 2.0% (p<0.005) isoflurane administration. So it is recommend to administrate less than 1.0% isoflurane in increased intracranial pressure patient.
Animals ; Cats* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure* ; Isoflurane* ; Perfusion

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for determining propofol in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

METHODSReverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection was applied to quantitative analysis. CSF samples were centrifuged (12,500 r/min for 3 min) and filtered (the diameter of the filter is 0.45 microm). Twenty mul of supernatant was directly injected and separated by Supelco Discovery C(18)column. The mobile phase was composed of methanol-water (80:20); the flow rate was 1 ml/min, and the column temperature was 30 degree. The fluorescence detective waves were: lambda ex=276 nm and lambda em=310 nm.

RESULTSThe linear range of propofol in CSF was 5-200 ng/ml (r=0.9994). The recovery rates for high, intermediate and low concentrations were 101.2%, 99.8%, 98.8%, respectively. The RSD of inter-day assay was 1.55%, 1.73%, 6.01% and it of intra-day assay was 1.69%, 2.37%, 8.60%. The limit of detection proved to be 2 ng/ml.

CONCLUSIONThe method is rapid, simple, accurate and sensitive for measurement of propofol concentration in CSF.

Neuronal histamine is crucially involved in a number of physiological functions as well as in neuropsychiatric diseases. Determination of histamine in biological samples is thus of importance in the clinical studies. The aim of this review is to summarize the progress or effort made in this field, with focus on the high-performance liquid chromatography.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Histamine ; analysis ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for detecting rifampicin in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with restricted access media coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography that allows online direct sample injection and enrichment.

METHODSWe used the column of restricted access media as the pre-treatment column and a C18 column as the analytical column. The mobile phase of pre-treatment column was water-methanol (95:5,V/V) and the flow rate was 1 mL/min; the mobile phase of the analytical column was methanol-acetonitrile-10 mmol/L ammonuium acetate (volume ratio of 60:5:35). The detection wavelength was 254 nm and the column temperature was set at 25 degrees celsius;.

RESULTSFor an injection volume of 100 µL, the peak area of rifampicin was 5.33 times that for an injection volume of 20 µL, and the limit of detection was effectively improved. The calibration curve showed an excellent linear relationship (r=0.9997) between rifampicin concentrations and peak areas within the concentration range of 0.25 to 8 µg/mL in CSF. The limits of detection and quantification was 0.07 µg/mL and 0.25 µg/mL, respecetively, with intra-day and inter-day assay precisions and relative standard deviation (RSD%) all below 5%. The recoveries of rifampicin at 3 blank spiked levels (low, medium, and high) ranged from 87.69% to 102.11%. In patients taking oral rifampicin at the dose of 10 mg/kg, the average rifampicin concentration was 0.29 in the CSF at 2 h after medication.

CONCLUSIONThe method we established is simple and fast for detecting rifampicin in CSF and allows direct online injection and enrichment with good detection precisions and accuracies.

Although most of sacral perineural cysts are asymptomatic, some may produce symptoms. Specific radicular pain may be due to distortion, compression, or stretching of nerve root by a space occupying cyst. We report a rare case of S1 radiculopathy caused by sacral perineural cyst accompanying disc herniation. The patient underwent a microscopic discectomy at L5-S1 level. However, the patient's symptoms did not improved. The hypesthesia persisted, as did the right leg pain. Cyst-subarachnoid shunt was set to decompress nerve root and to equalize the cerebrospinal fluid pressure between the cephalad thecal sac and cyst. Immediately after surgery, the patient had no leg pain. After 6 months, the patient still remained free of leg pain.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure ; Diskectomy ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Leg ; Radiculopathy ; Tarlov Cysts

Brain tumors are manifest in a limited variety of ways, presenting with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and of localized destruction or compression of nervous tissue. Two cases of brain tumor were reported, in which clinical manifestations resembled those of the meningitis, that is, clinical signs and symptoms, as well as cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, were consistent with the diagnosis of meningitis.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Intracranial Pressure ; Leukocytosis ; Meningitis*

Brain tumors are manifest in a limited variety of ways, presenting with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and of localized destruction or compression of nervous tissue. Two cases of brain tumor were reported, in which clinical manifestations resembled those of the meningitis, that is, clinical signs and symptoms, as well as cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, were consistent with the diagnosis of meningitis.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Intracranial Pressure ; Leukocytosis ; Meningitis*

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a debilitating condition of the elderly. The patient is typically "wet, wobbly and wonky", to different degrees of the triad. The diagnosis is supported by the radiologic finding of dilated ventricles, determined by an elevated Evan's Index (EI) without a demonstrable cause. Patients with newly diagnosed NPH typically respond to ventriculo-peritoneal shunting (VPS). NPH-related dementia is possibly the only surgically reversible dementia. An elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fl ow rate (FR) is associated with a positive response to shunting. However, post-shunting EI and FRs are unpredictable. Of late, intracranial apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) quantification via Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) has been emerging as a possible marker in NPH diagnosis. A local study, conducted on a national level, to study the relationship of EI, FR and ADC to pre- and post-shunt clinical measurements has just ended. This review seeks to reconcile the current thinking of NPH, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quantification and clinical evaluation, and in the process shed some light on major pathophysiological determinants of the disease.
Biomarkers ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; physiology ; secretion ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure ; diagnosis ; physiopathology