No abstract available.
Cerebral Veins ; Humans ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured* ; Cerebral Veins* ; Veins*

OBJECTS: Although plenty of articles about microsurgical anatomy of the cerebral arteries exist in literatures, there is a few articles which studied the microsurgical anatomy of the cerebral venous system. To get the more accurate knowledge about microsurgical anatomy of the cerebral venous system related to the commonly used surgical approach route for cerebovascular lesions, this study is performed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The author reviewed several articles which described about the anatomy of cerebral venous system, and selected some articles which studied the microsurgical anatomy of cerebral veins related to the area of the surgical approach routes for cerebrovascular lesions. General venous anatomy of lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere and the venous system related to the surgical approach route are described. RESULTS: The superficial cortical veins of lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere are divided into an ascending group, which drain into superior sagittal sinus, and a descending group, which drain into superficial sylvian veins or transverse sinus. Three anastomotic veins, such as the vein of Labbe, Trolard and the superficial sylvian veins, connect between superior sagittal sinus, veins along the sylvian fissure and transverse sinus. The anatomical knowledge of the sylvian and frontal basal veins, venous sinus around the superior sagittal sinus and medial frontal veins, and temporal basal veins are required in pterional, interhemispheric, and subtemporal approach respectively. CONCLUSION: The author concludes that the advancement of anatomical knowledge about cerebral venous system will contribute the improvement of outcome of surgically treated patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Cerebral Arteries ; Cerebral Veins ; Cerebrum ; Humans ; Superior Sagittal Sinus ; Veins

Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare cerebrovascular malformation, which has a single or multiple arterial connections to a single venous channel without intervening nidus, and is different from arteriovenous malformation (AVM). We report on a case of a surgically treated pial AVF. A 15-year-old girl with an altered mental state was brought to our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) showed a subcortical hematoma of approximately 24 ml in her right temporal lobe. Cerebral angiography showed an AVF supplied by the right middle cerebral artery with early drainage into the Sylvian vein and the vein of Labbe. She underwent surgical treatment with feeding artery obliteration using a clip and hematoma removal. The patient was discharged without neurologic deficits. Despite the rarity of pial AVF, for correct diagnosis and treatment, neurosurgeons should recognize this condition. Pial AVF can be managed simply by disconnection of the shunt by surgery or endovascular treatment, and a good result can be achieved.
Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Veins ; Drainage ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Temporal Lobe ; Veins

PURPOSE: Adequate image post-processing software, essential for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)of cerebral cortex activation, is not readily available; this study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a homemade post-processing system for fMRI and to investigate the physiologic and anatomic sources of activation signals infMRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty nine fMRIs of motor and visual cortices activated by hand movement and photic stimulation were performed using the GRE technique (TR/TE/flip angle : 80/60/40 degrees, 64x128 matrix) in 10 normal volunteers. By using post-processing software, final functional maps were subsequently obtained. In order to investigate physiologic and anatomic sources of activation signals, fMRIs of motor cortices were repeated with different echo times, flip angles and presaturation of adjacent sections. Activation signals were compared tocortical veins on MR venograms. RESULTS: All fMRIs were successfully performed and those activation signals were detected in regions well known as motor and visual cortices. Mean percentage changes of signal intensities (PCSIs)of activation signals at echo times of 15, 30, and 60 msec were 2.9%, 3.5%, and 12.5%, respectively (p < 0.01).Mean PCSIs of activation signals with 40 degreesnd 10 degreeslip angles were 11.1% and 6.6% (p < 0.01), and those of activation signals without and with presaturation of the adjacent sections were 8.9% and 5.2% (p < 0.01). The shape and location of activation signals corresponded well with those of cortical veins. CONCLUSION: The imagepost-processing system developed in this study is a useful method for fMRI of cerebral cortex activation. Both BOLD (blood oxygen level-dependent) and inflow effects contribute to the physiologic source of activation signals, and the cortical veins draining activated cortex are the main anatomic source of activation signals.
Cerebral Cortex* ; Hand ; Humans* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Oxygen ; Veins

Cerebral venous thrombosis is come from thromboplebitis of infectious origin and bland occlusion of cerebral vein by various causes. Although the main cause of cerebral venous thrombosis is thrombophlebitis, the bland occlusion causes it infrequently as a form of an infarct state. We report a case of cerebral venous infarction caused by splenectomy induced thrombocytosis.
Cerebral Veins ; Infarction ; Splenectomy ; Thrombocytosis* ; Thrombophlebitis ; Venous Thrombosis

Aneurysms of the great vein of Galen are rare and the authors report a case of primary type aneurysm of the great vein of Galen. Clinicaly aneurysm of great vein of Galen give rise to different symptoms and signs at different age. New born infants have intractable heart failure, infancy have hydrocephalus, and adolescents have headache and syncope. The diagnosis rests upon angiography, especially four-vessel angiography is mandatary to delineate all of the feeding arteries. The posterior cerebral arteries supply most of the blood to the aneurysm. The only effective treatment is ligation of the feeding vessels at the point of entry into the vein of Galen.
Adolescent ; Aneurysm* ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Cerebral Veins* ; Diagnosis ; Headache ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Ligation ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Syncope ; Veins*

The authors had seven patients with arteriovenous malformation(AVM) of the corpus callosum of which five involved the genu and/or the body and two occupied the splenium. The common presenting features were headache and neck stiffness due to bleeding from the malformed vessels. The AVMs of the corpus callosum are supplied mainly by pericallosal arteries and occasionally branches of the posterior cerebral artery, the damage is by septal veins, the internal cerebral veins and the superior sagittal sinus. There was only minimal morbidity without operative mortality due to radical excision of these AVMs with microsurgical technique.
Arteries ; Cerebral Veins ; Corpus Callosum* ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mortality ; Neck ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Superior Sagittal Sinus ; Veins

The effects of norepinephrine and benzoxathian on the diameters of cerebral pial vessels in rabbits were studied by topical microapplication of the drugs to the perivascular environment. Vascular diameters were determined with the micrometer eyepiece on operating microscope through the craniectomized area. Physiological parameters(PaO2, PaCO2, blood pH, and systolic blood pressure) had not significantly changed during all the experiments. The observations were as follows: 1) Application of norepinephrine over the range of 5x10(-8)M to 5x10(-3)M to the cerebral pial arteries resulted in significant constriction of the vessels, with the exception of 5x10(-8)M. The dose-response curve showed a maximal constriction of 31.5+/-3.8% at 5x10(-3)M. 2) Benzoxathian produced vasodilatation at dosages over 5x10(-4)M. But there was little change of vascular diameter between dosages of 5x10(-8)M to 5x10(-5)M. The dose-response curve showed a maximal vasodilatation of 26.31+/-5.1% at 5x10(-3)M. 3) The vasoconstriction due to microapplication of norepinephrine was prevented by the inclusion of an equimolar concentration of the alpha-1 receptor antagonist, benzoxathian. 4) The vasoconstriction induced by norepinephrine occurred in higher concentration of norepinephrine than that of benzoxathian, and the vasoconstriction was proportional to the concentration of norepinephrine. 5) The pattern of responses of the pial veins corresponded with that of pial arteries. But the amplitudes of the change in the diameters of veins were less than those of the arteries. The results indicate that alpha-adrenergic receptor is present in the smooth muscles of cerebral pial arteries and veins for the sympathetic control of blood flow to the brain, and newly introduced benzoxathian acts as a highly selective alpha-1 receptor antagonist.
Arteries* ; Brain ; Cerebral Veins ; Constriction ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Muscle, Smooth ; Norepinephrine* ; Rabbits ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation ; Veins

A vein of Galen malformation(VGM) is a rare vascular malformation, often resulting in high morbidity or mortality. In the newborn, cardiac failure is the most common presenting, sign and the outcome is particularly poor. As the technique of neurointervention develops, embolizaton is known to be the choice of treatment reducing the mortality rate tremendously. The authors report a case of VGM, diagnosed in uterus and successfully managed by neuro-interventive treatment.
Cerebral Veins* ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mortality ; Uterus ; Vascular Malformations ; Veins*