No abstract available.
Arthralgia/*etiology ; Cerebral Palsy/*complications ; Female ; Humans ; *Knee Joint ; Male

Cerebral Palsy ; complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; Humans

Cerebral Palsy/complications* ; Child ; Deglutition Disorders/etiology* ; Humans

The purpose of this study was to compare gait pattern and energy consumption in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, when using anterior and posterior walkers, and to determine which walker should be recommended as a walking aid for these children. Ten spastic diplegic cerebral palsied children, of average age 9 years, were enrolled in this study. Before assessment, they had all received a practice period of 1-month to familiarize themselves with both types of walker. Gait characteristics were evaluated by computer-based kinematic gait analysis using Vicon 370 Motion Analysis, and energy expenditure was determined by KBI-C while they were using the walkers. The oxygen consumption rate was significantly lower whilst using the posterior walker, as was the oxygen cost. Walking velocity and cadence on gait analysis showed no significant difference between the walker types. However, step length, single support time and double support time were significantly different for the two walkers. Flexion angles of the trunk, hip and knee were lower using a posterior walker. Gait analysis data and oxygen consumption measurements indicated that the posterior walker has more advantages in terms of upright positioning and energy conservation than the anterior walker.
Biomechanics ; Cerebral Palsy/rehabilitation* ; Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology* ; Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Child ; Comparative Study ; Energy Metabolism* ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Gait* ; Human ; Male ; Paraplegia/rehabilitation* ; Paraplegia/physiopathology* ; Paraplegia/complications ; Walkers/standards*

The literatures about the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on language disorder in children with cerebral palsy were reviewed. The symptoms of language disorder in children with cerebral palsy and the procedures of rehabilitation treatments were analyzed. The acupuncture intervention on language disorder in children with cerebral palsy was investigated. It showed that the acupuncture intervention may markedly improve the condition of language disorder in children with cerebral palsy. However, the effectiveness is compared between comprehensive therapy and single therapy in the current literatures on acupuncture intervention. Therefore, the compa rison between comprehensive therapies was lacked, and the advantage of acupuncture intervention combined with other therapies was not demonstrated. In the future, the studies should focus on the combination of various therapies and the different effectiveness of different therapies. Furthermore, the studies should focus on the mechanism of acupuncture. Therefore, it may contribute to build a comprehensive treatment system in which acupuncture is dominatant for cere bral palsy in children.
Cerebral Palsy ; complications ; Child ; Humans ; Language Disorders ; etiology ; therapy ; Moxibustion ; methods

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of warming moxibustion on Shenque acupoint (RN8) for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP).

METHODSClinical observation was performed on 60 ICP children suffering from acute diarrhea, who were randomly assigned to two groups equally. The Mox group was treated with warming moxibustion on Shenque acupoint (RN8) and the control group treated with Smecta. The efficacy was evaluated by markedly effective rate and total effective rate after a 6-day treatment, diarrhea arresting time as well as stool examination normalization rate and rotavirus negative reversion rate after a 3-day treatment.

RESULTSThe total effective rate in the two groups was insignificantly different (P>0.05), but the markedly effective rate was significantly higher in the Mox group than in the control group (P<0.01); a significant difference was also seen between groups in terms of diarrhea arresting time, stool examination normalization rate and rotavirus negative reversion rate (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONWarming moxibustion on Shenque acupoint is an effective treatment for acute diarrhea in ICP children, with advantages of simple manipulation and rapid effect initiation.

Acupuncture Points ; Acute Disease ; Cerebral Palsy ; complications ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Moxibustion ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of acupuncture on post-stroke spastic paralysis.

METHODSA systematic evaluation including all the relavant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of post-stroke spastic paralysis were carried out according to the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.

RESULTSNine hundred and seventy-eight patients being included in fourteen papers met the enrolled criteria. However, their methodological quality was relatively poor. Meta-analysis of nine trials indicated that there was no significant difference between the treatment groups and the control groups in Ashworth scores, Carr-Shepherd scores, nerve defect scores and hip adductor tension scores. Whereas the Fugel-Meyer scores in one trial and the Barthel scores in three trials were better in the treatment groups than those of the control group.

CONCLUSIONA reliable conclusion can not be drawn from the present data because of the defects in methodological quality and insufficient numbers of trials, especially lack the long-term terminal outcomes, although it appears a tedency that acupuncture can improve the conditions of post-stroke spastic paralysis. Therefore, it is necessary to perform more multi-central RCTs of high quality in future.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Cerebral Palsy ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

Brain computed tomography (CT) is a useful tool for evaluating the pathologic findings in the brains of children with neurologic abnormalities. Brain CT investigation and the Munchner Funtionelle Entwicklungs Diagnostik (MFED) developmental assessment was performed in 88 patients with spastic cerebral palsy. The incidence of abnormal brain CT findings in patients with spastic cerebral palsy was 69.3%. The group with pathologic CT findings had a greater possibility of having developmental delay than the group with normal CT findings (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between the specific MFED categories and the types of brain CT abnormalities. Pathological CT findings could offer important prognostic information indicating a higher risk concerning the grade of developmental delay.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Atrophy ; Brain/radiography* ; Cerebral Palsy/radiography* ; Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology* ; Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Child ; Child Development/physiology* ; Developmental Disabilities/etiology ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Muscle Spasticity/radiography ; Muscle Spasticity/physiopathology ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

Cerebral Palsy ; classification ; complications ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Developmental Disabilities ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Language Disorders ; complications ; Male ; Seizures ; complications ; Sex Factors ; Vision Disorders ; complications

OBJECTIVESponsored by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society, China Medical Association, more than 10 large-scale hospitals participated in the near two-year multicenter investigation for Brain Injuries in Premature Infants in China. The present study presents the follow-up results of 147 premature infants with brain injuries from 6 Third Class A Level hospitals.

METHODSAll premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) diagnosed in the early neonatal period in the 6 hospitals were followed-up between January 2005 and August 2006. Based on the synthetic results of physical development, examination of nervous system, intelligence tests and cranial ultrasound, the premature infants with brain injuries were classified as normal development, marginal development and retarded development.

RESULTSOne hundred and forty-seven premature infants with brain injuries from the 6 hospitals consisted of 141 cases of IVH and 36 cases of PVL (30 cases having IVH and PVL). Based on the synthetic follow-up results, 51.4% of premature infants with brain injuries were generally assessed as normal development, 38.4% as marginal development and 10.7% as retarded development. Among them, delayed growth in head circumference, height and weight was 13.4%; the occurrence frequency of cerebral paralysis (CP) was 7.1% in PVL grade I, 28.6% in PVL grade II and 100% in PVL grade III; 12.7% showed retarded development of intelligence; and 30% presented post-injurious changes on cranial sonography.

CONCLUSIONSThe data of the multicenter follow-up can basically reflect the short-term prognosis of premature infants with brain injuries in major big cities of China. About 10% of them have retarded physical, motor-and mental developments. The long-term regular follow-up study is expected for more premature infants with brain injuries, and behavioral sequelae of brain injuries which may occur in peri-school age and adolescence should be paid particularly close attention.

Cerebral Hemorrhage ; complications ; physiopathology ; Cerebral Palsy ; etiology ; Echoencephalography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intelligence ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; complications ; physiopathology