Acupuncture Therapy ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; complications ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Cerebral Infarction ; complications ; Cerebral Veins ; pathology ; Humans ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis ; etiology

Central nervous system is often involved by herpes zoster but it is very rarely seen that contralateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia developed after herpes zoster ophthalmicus. We report a case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus followed by the delayed contralateral hemiparesis. A 33-year-old man developed acute cerebral infarction and resultant right hemiparesis 44 days after herpes zoster ophthalmicus in the left side. Brain CT disclosed hypodense area in the left basal ganglia. Cerebral angiography revealed segmental narrowing of M1 portion of the right middle cerebral artery.
Adult ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Arteries/pathology ; Cerebral Infarction/*etiology/radiography ; Dominance, Cerebral ; Hemiplegia/*etiology ; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus/*complications ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vasculitis/etiology

Adult ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; etiology ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male

Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Protein C Deficiency ; complications ; Protein S Deficiency ; complications

Phantom limbs are usually observed after amputation of extremities. In patients after a stroke, a similar but rarely occurring phenomenon consisting of the patient experiencing the presence of an additional limb has been described. This phenomenon, generally called supernumerary phantom limb (SPL), may be caused by lesions in the right or left cerebral hemisphere, but has been predominantly reported in patients who have had a right hemispheric stroke. We report two cases of atypical SPL and phantom limb pain (PLP) after pontine hemorrhage. The patients were treated conservatively and their symptoms lasted more than 1 month. This is the first report of SPLs after left pontine hemorrhage, and phantom perception and pain lasted longer than those in previously observed cases. Our results indicate that SPL may be more common than reported; therefore, thorough examinations are essential for the care of stroke patients.
Cerebral Hemorrhage/*complications ; Cerebral Infarction/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain/etiology ; Phantom Limb/*diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Stroke/complications ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anthracosis ; complications ; microbiology ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; Cross Infection ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; complications

OBJECTIVETo assess the morphologic changes in traumatic cerebral infarction and to discuss its mechanism.

METHODSSpecimens from seventeen cases of cerebral infarction were selected from 81 patients with severe brain injury, and subject to routine gross and histological examinations.

RESULTS(1) The cerebral infarction in all cases was hemorrhagic in nature with a wedged or irregular shape upon gross inspection. The lesions were found in occipital gyrus (8 cases), occipital lobes (3 cases), basal nuclei (3 cases), cingulate gyrus (2 cases), and lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (1 case). Histologically, the lesions were located at the junction between the cortex and medulla, showing congestion, edema, hemorrhage, necrotic nerve tissue and blood vessels. In severe cases, the lesion extended into the entire cortex and subarachnoid spaces. (2) Swelling of the brain and cerebral hernia were found in all cases, 8 of which demonstrated that the posterior cerebral artery was compressed and stenotic within the space between the crus cerebri and uncus.

CONCLUSIONBrain tissue necrosis in traumatic cerebral infarction is the result of brain swelling and cerebral hernia formation, following congestion, bleeding and ischemia due to vasculature compression.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain ; pathology ; Brain Edema ; complications ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; pathology ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; complications ; Encephalocele ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male

To the best of our knowledge, isolated bilateral oculomotor nuclear palsy has not yet been reported in the literature, while bilateral oculomotor nuclear palsy with more widespread rostral brainstem infarction has often been reported. We present a patient having top of the basilar syndrome with midbrain infarction selectively involving the bilateral oculomotor nucleus. A 61-year-old woman with two episodes of vertebrobasilar infarction presented with sudden onset of bilateral ptosis. Examination revealed pronounced bilateral ptosis. In the primary position, fixation of either eye produced an approximately 50 prism diopter exotropia. Adduction of the right eye was restricted to the midline. There was moderately decreased adduction of the left eye, severe limitation of depression, and moderately decreased elevation of both eyes. Abduction of both eyes was normal. The pupils were equal, round, and reactive to light. Bilateral ptosis is suggestive of oculomotor nuclear palsy. On the basis of clinical findings alone, we could not establish whether the precise location of the lesion was all the subdivisions of the oculomotor nucleus except the Edinger-Westphal nucleus or the central caudal nucleus and bilateral fascicles. However, because axial MRI showed a small midbrain infarct in the oculomotor nucleus region, we concluded that she had an isolated, pupil-sparing, bilateral oculomotor nuclear palsy caused by midbrain infarct.
Cerebral Infarction/*complications/diagnosis ; Female ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Mesencephalon ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmoplegia/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology

Arterial thrombosis is relatively rare compared with venous thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome. However, the assessment of its pathogenesis and risk factors in individual patient with nephrotic syndrome is necessary to allow appropriate prophylactic management because it is a potentially serious problem. Hereby, with review of the literature, we report a case of a 53 yr-old man with cerebral infarction associated with nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis during the course of treatments with diuretics and steroid. It reveals that the hypercoagulable state in nephrotic syndrome can be associated with cerebral infarction in adults. Prophylactic anticoagulants can be considered to reduce the risk of serious cerebral infarction in nephrotic patients with risk factors such as severe hypoalbuminemia and on diuretics or steroid treatment, even in young patients regardless of types of underlying glomerular diseases.
Cerebral Infarction/epidemiology/*etiology/pathology ; Human ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrotic Syndrome/*complications/epidemiology ; Risk Factors