OBJECTIVES: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has the highest mortality and disability rates among various subtypes of stroke. Previous studies have shown that the gut microbiome (GM) is closely related to the risk factors and pathological basis of ICH. This study aims to explore the causal effect of GM on ICH and the potential mechanisms. METHODS: Genome wide association study (GWAS) data on GM and ICH were obtained from Microbiome Genome and International Stroke Genetics Consortium. Based on the GWAS data, we first performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal association between GM and ICH. Then, a conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) method was conducted to identify the pleiotropic variants. RESULTS: MR analysis showed that Pasteurellales, Pasteurellaceae, and Haemophilus were negatively correlated with the risk of ICH, whileVerrucomicrobiae, Verrucomicrobiales, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia, Holdemanella, and LachnospiraceaeUCG010 were positively correlated with ICH. By applying the cFDR method, 3 pleiotropic loci (rs331083, rs4315115, and rs12553325) were found to be associated with both GM and ICH. CONCLUSIONS There is a causal association and pleiotropic variants between GM and ICH.
Humans ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/genetics* ; Stroke

OBJECTIVETo probe into the mechanism of acupuncture for treatment of cerebro-cardiac syndrome.

METHODSThe rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a sham operation group, a cerebral bleeding group, an acupuncture group and an acupuncture control group. The acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at "Neiguan" (PC 6), "Shuigou" (GV 26), "Renying" (ST 19), and the acupuncture control group with acupuncture at "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "Danzhong" (CV 17). The tissue in situ hybridization technique was used to detect dynamic changes of endothelin (ET) mRNA expression in both the central cardiovascular special regulative area and the myocardium, and imaging quantitative analysis on the positive response materials was carried out.

RESULTSThe experimental cerebral bleeding could rapidly induce abnormal expression of ET gene in the cerebral bleeding surrounding area, hypothalamus, brain stem, hippocampus and myocardium. Up-regulation of FT mRNA expression could be found at 6 h of cerebral bleeding, and it reached to the peak at 24 h, and slightly reduced at 72 h, still being higher than the normal level. At the same time, ET expression in the myocardium increased. Acupuncture could block the increase of FT gene expression induced by cerebral bleeding.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture exerts protective action on injuries of neurons and myocardium induced by cerebral bleeding via blocking the increase of FT gene expression induced by cerebral bleeding.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; genetics ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats

OBJECTIVE: To screen for differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the serum of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and explore the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism of circRNAs in IVH in these infants. METHODS: Fifty preterm infants (gestational age of 28 to 34 weeks) admitted in our department between January, 2019 and January, 2020 were enrolled in this study, including 25 with a MRI diagnosis of IVH and 25 without IVH. Serum samples were collected from 3 randomly selected infants from each group for profiling differentially expressed circRNAs using circRNA array technique. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses were performed to reveal the function of the identified circRNAs. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed to identify the co-expression network of hsa_circ_ 0087893. RESULTS: A total of 121 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in the infants with IVH, including 62 up-regulated and 59 down-regulated circRNAs. GO and pathway analyses showed that these circRNAs were involved in multiple biological processes and pathways, including cell proliferation, activation and death, DNA damage and repair, retinol metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, cell adhesion molecules. Among these circRNAs, hsa_circ_0087893 was found to have significant down-regulation in IVH group and co-express with 41 miRNAs and 15 mRNAs (such as miR-214-3p, miR-761, miR-183-5p, AKR1B1, KRT34, PPP2CB, and HPRT1). CONCLUSION The circRNA hsa_circ_0087893 may function as a ceRNA and play an important role in the occurrence and progression of IVH in preterm infants.
Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Humans ; RNA, Circular ; Infant, Premature ; MicroRNAs ; RNA, Messenger ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/genetics* ; Aldehyde Reductase

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is a form of brain parenchymal hemorrhage caused by a variety of non-traumatic reasons, resulting in cerebral artery, veins or capillaries rupture. The etiology of SICH is variable, with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage being the most common, accounting for 60% ~ 81% of all cases. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, drug use related hemorrhage, Moyamoya disease are also important causes of SICH. Previous studies showed that genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of SICH. Here the genetic mechanisms of SICH and classification of its etiology are reviewed.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; trends ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is more deadly than ischemic stroke but is also rarer and more difficult to study. Genetic and environmental risk factors likely play a role in the occurrence of ICH. The genetics of cerebral amyloid angiopathy like mutation at beta-amyloid peptide positions 22 and 23, cystatin C, presenilin 1 and 2 or apolipoprotein E have been studied for both familial and sporadic forms. In addition, genetic variation in the hemostasis pathway likewise might affect the likelihood of sporadic ICH. Furthermore, polymorphisms of candidate genes such as endoglin, cytochrome P450 enzyme, lipoproteins, or proteolytic enzyme are all known to be risk factors of ICH. Recent advances in molecular biology provide evidence that genetic variants of different candidate genes are associated with the occurrence of ICH. The aim of this review is to expose the current status of these various hypotheses and their contribution to the pathogenesis of ICH in order to provide a basis for future investigations in this field.
Apolipoproteins ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ; Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Cystatin C ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics ; Hemostasis ; Lipoproteins ; Molecular Biology* ; Presenilin-1 ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of apoB polymorphism on plasma lipid levels and cerebral hemorrhage in (CH) Changsha Han Chinese. METHODS: One hundred thirty CH patients and 100 normal people were involved. C7673T polymorphism of apoprotein B was analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-PFLP); and the triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL) levels were examined by oxidase method. The serum level of lipoprotein(a) was determined by immunology method. RESULTS: (1) Allele T frequencies of apoB C7673T in CH patients and the control group were 0.108 and 0.040, respectively. Allele T frequencies of apoB C7673T in the CH patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (P< 0.01). (2) In the CH patients, the levels of TC and LDLjC of the T/C gene type were significantly higher than those of the C/C gene type, while the levels of HDLjC of the T/C gene type were significantly lower than those of the C/C gene type (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION ApoB C7673T polymorphism may be related to cerebral hemorrhage, and the changing blood lipid level may increase the susceptibility of CH.
Aged ; Apolipoproteins B ; genetics ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; blood ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of KLK1 gene and cerebral hemorrhage in Changsha Han population. METHODS: We enrolled 273 patients with cerebral hemorrhage and 140 normal people. The SNPs (including rs3212855 and rs5515) of KLK1 gene were analyzed by Snapshot method and direct sequencing. RESULTS: We found rs5515 was not a polymorphic site in Changsha Han population. Genotype and allele frequency in rs3212855 were not different between patients with cerebral hemorrhage and the controls (P>0.05). The blood pressure level was not different between the genotype subgroups. CONCLUSION Neither rs5515 nor rs3212855 is associated with cerebral hemorrhage.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Kallikreins ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between C923T(Ala308Val)polymorphism in exon 10 of neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1) gene and cerebral hemorrhage in the Han in Changsha and to evaluate the effect of C923T(Ala308Val) polymorphism on plasma lipid levels. METHODS: Changsha Han C923T(Ala308Val)polymorphism in NCF1 gene was determined by PCR single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing in 100 healthy controls, 110 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and 10 cerebral hemorrhage pedigrees. The level of plasma lipid was measured by routine methods. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in frequencies of genotypes and alleles of C923T(Ala308Val)polymorphism among the controls, cerebral hemorrhage patients and cerebral hemorrhage pedigrees. The serum level of TG in the CT genotype of cerebral hemorrhage patients and controls tended toward higher than that in CC genotype, but the trend did not reach significance (P>0.05). CONCLUSION There seems no correlation between C923T(Ala308Val)polymorphism and cerebral hemorrhage in Hans people in Hunan province.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; genetics ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NADPH Oxidases ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo estimate the frequency of various risk factors for overall stroke and to identify risk factors for cerebral infarction (CI) versus intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in a large hospital-based stroke registry.

METHODData from a total of 3901 patients, consisting of 3525 patients with CI and 376 patients with ICH were prospectively coded and entered into a computerized data bank.

RESULTSHypertension and smoking were the most prominent factors affecting overall stroke followed by mild internal carotid artery stenosis (< 50%), hypercholesterolemia, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), diabetes mellitus, and cardiac ischemia. Univariate analysis showed that factors in male significantly associated with CI versus ICH were old age, a family history of stroke, and intermittent claudication; whereas in female the factors were oral contraception and migraine. By multivariate analysis, in all patients, the factors significantly associated with CI as opposed to ICH were smoking, hypercholesterolemia, migraine, TIAs, atrial fibrillation, structural heart disease, and arterial disease. Hypertension was the only significant factor related with ICH versus CI.

CONCLUSIONSThe factors for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are not exactly the same. Cardiac and arterial disease are the most powerful factors associated with CI rather than ICH.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; genetics ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Stroke ; etiology ; genetics