The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of cephalosporin derivatives, (cephaloridine, cefazolin sodium, cephradine, cephapirin aodium, cephacetrile sodium, and cephalexin from various Korean drug companies) for Staphykcoccus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was measured by the tube dilution method, using Mueller-Hinton broth. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The MIC of each individual cephalosporin derivative, although produced by different manufacturers, was similiar or equal. 2) Against Staphyloeoccus aureus, cephaloridine and cephapirin had the lowest MIC while cephradine and, cephalexin the highest. Against E. coli, cephaloridine and cefazolin had the lowest MIC while cephradine and cephalexin the highest. 3) The MIC against Staphylococcus aureus was l5.6 to 250 times lower than that against E. coli in all cephalosporin derivatives. 4) The MIC against Staphylococcus aureus ranges from 0.0125 to l.0ug/ml and against E. coli from 1. 56 to 25ug/ml in all cephalasporin derivatives.
Cefazolin ; Cephacetrile ; Cephalexin ; Cephaloridine ; Cephapirin ; Cephradine ; Escherichia coli ; Staphylococcus aureus

Clinical and bacteriological studies were made on 37 cases of infantile and childhood shigellosis treated at pediatric department of St. Mary's hospital in Dae Jon from Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1978. The following results were obtained. 1. In sex distribution 21 were male and rest of them were female, and the M/F ratio was 1.8:1.0. 2. The peak age incidence showed the children of 1 to 6 years old. 3. The most frequent symptom was fever(76%) and abdominal pain was next. 4. S. flexneri was most frequentkly isolated (62.2%) and the next was S. sonnei(35.1%). 5. The result of sensitivity test in this study revealed that tobramycin was most commonly effective (92%) and cephaloridin was next. Ampicillin was less sensitive (22%) than the previous reports.
Abdominal Pain ; Ampicillin ; Cephaloridine ; Child ; Daejeon* ; Dysentery, Bacillary* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Sex Distribution ; Tobramycin

Nine strains (6%) were confirmed as resistant (MIC=20ug/ml) to methicillin (MT) among 150 isolates of staphylococcus aureus. These MT-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were also turned out to be more less resistant to other antibiotics tested, such as penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and gentamicin except for cephaloridine. It was noteworthy, however, that strain MRSA 5 showed a relatively susceptible attitude toward most of the antibiotics tested, while being extremely resistant to MT only. Salt (NaC1) containing (5-3%) media did not have any significant effect on the degree of MT-resistance of MRSA strains. There was, however, such a tendency as that by the addition of salt the degree of MT-resistance was lowered in the highly MT-resistant strains while enhanced in MT-susceptible ones. It was confirmed that penicillinase did not have any effect on the MT-resistance while most of the penicillin- resistant strains produced the enzyme.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephaloridine ; Chloramphenicol ; Gentamicins ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Penicillinase ; Penicillins ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus ; Tetracycline

Conjugative R plasmids derived from 74 clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens were epidemiologically analyzed for antimicrobial resistance, EcoRI restriction endonuclease analysis and Southern hybridization with DHFR, TEM and SHV probe. 1. Resistance frequency of isolates against various B-lactam antibiotics was changed by year. 2. Twenty (27%) resistant strains transferred 32 R plasmids to E. coli or Klebsiella by mixed culture. Most strains isolated from 1994 to 1996 transferred only trimethoprim resistance but most strains isolated from 1997 did resistances against gentamicin (Gm) and B-lactams including ampicillin (Ap), carbenicillin (Cb), cefazolin (Cz), cefaloridine (Cl), cefamandole (Cn). 3. Ten plasmids of GmApCbCzC1Cn or GmApCbCzC1 pattern and 3 plasmids of TcSuGmTbApCbCzC1 pattern respectively showed identical EcoRI restriction endonuclease digestion patterns and hybridized fragment patterns with TEM-1 probe by Southern hybridization. These results indicate that the epidemic plasmids carrying blamM gene were present in this hospital in 1997 and molecular genetic analysis of R plasmids can be used to discriminate S. marcescens isolates for epidemiologic studies.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Cefamandole ; Cefazolin ; Cephaloridine ; Digestion ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology* ; Gentamicins ; Klebsiella ; Molecular Biology ; Plasmids ; R Factors ; Serratia marcescens* ; Serratia* ; Trimethoprim Resistance

Nine strains (6%) were confirmed as resistant (MIC=20ug/ml) to methicillin (MT) among 150 isolates of staphylococcus aureus. These MT-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were also turned out to be more less resistant to other antibiotics tested, such as penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and gentamicin except for cephaloridine. It was noteworthy, however, that strain MRSA 5 showed a relatively susceptible attitude toward most of the antibiotics tested, while being extremely resistant to MT only. Salt (NaC1) containing (5–3%) media did not have any significant effect on the degree of MT-resistance of MRSA strains. There was, however, such a tendency as that by the addition of salt the degree of MT-resistance was lowered in the highly MT-resistant strains while enhanced in MT-susceptible ones. It was confirmed that penicillinase did not have any effect on the MT-resistance while most of the penicillin- resistant strains produced the enzyme.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephaloridine ; Chloramphenicol ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Knee ; Methicillin ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Penicillinase ; Penicillins ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Tetracycline

A clinical and laboratory study was conducted on 75 children with dysentery-like stool, who had been admitted or visited to our pediatric department, during 8 months period from January to August 1980. The following results were obtained: One to five years of age group was affected most frequently(47%), Shigella flexneri was identified by stool culture in 23 cases(30%) and Entameba histolytica in 13 cases(17%). In bacillary dysentery group, fever was the most common symptom occuring in 83%, followed by abdominal pain in 35%. vomiting in 26% and convulsion in 22%. In amoebic dysentery group, fever was noted in 31% and convulsion in 8%, showing some contrast to the frequency of fever & CNS manifestation. About the character of diarrheal stool, 83% of bacillary dysentery group showed bloody, mucoid stool and 62% of amoebic dysentery group mucoid ones. Frequency of diarrhea was 11 times per day or more in 73% of bacillary dysentery patients, and 10 times per day or lese in 92% of amoebic dysentery patients. The result of sensitivity test of isolated Shigella to various antibiotics were as follow : 100% sensitive to kanamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, cephaloridine & rifampin, 87% to nalidixic acid, an4 4.3% to sulfonamide, chloramphcnicol, streptomycin, tetracyclin, ampicillin & bactrim. And 22 out of 23 isolated Shigella strains revealed multiple- drug-resistance pattern on 6 or more antibiotics.
Abdominal Pain ; Amebiasis ; Amikacin ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephaloridine ; Child* ; Daegu* ; Diarrhea ; Dysentery, Amebic ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; Fever ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Kanamycin ; Nalidixic Acid ; Rifampin ; Seizures ; Shigella ; Shigella flexneri ; Streptomycin ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Vomiting

In patients with urinary tract infections, institution of specific therapy should be preceded by careful examination of the urine and quantitative bacteriology from properly collected urine specimens. A clinical study on patients with urinary tract infections was done for observation of the changing trend in causative organisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics at Yonsei Medical Center in 1971 and 1976. The following results were obtained. 1) In 1971, 571 patients (male:2l1, female :360) with urinary tract infections were observed and in 1976, 647 patients (male :265, female :382) were observed. The ratio of male to female was 1 : 1.4-1.7, the most cases (above 60%) belonged to age group 20-49 years in both year. 2) The causative organisms of urinary tract infections were E. coli, enterobacter, staphylococcus and etc in 1971 and E. coli, enterobacter, klebsiella and etc in 1976 orderly. Cases of urinary tract infections by enterobacter and staphylococcus were decreased and cases by klebsiella, proteus and pseudomonas were increased in 1976. Urinary tract infections by E, coli were about 60% of female patients and about 25% of male patients in both year. Incidence of mixed urinary tract infections was l0.5% in l971 and 15.1% in 1976. 3) The susceptibility rates of gram negative organisms were 30.3% to ampicillin, 72.2% to Kanamycin, 79.9% to neomycin and 51,5% to bactrim in l971 and 17.5% to ampicillin, 47.8% to Kanamycin, 68.7% to gentamycin and 71.8% to colimycin in 1976. The rates to chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline were about 20% in both year. 4) The susceptibility rates of gram positive organisms were 35.4% to chloramphenicol, 38.5% to orbenin, 81.0% to penicillin G and 11.8% to tetraycline in 1971 and 50.0% to chloramphenicol, 31.6% to orbenin, 64.5% to penicillin G and 22.4% to tetracycline in 1976. The rate to ampicillin in 1971 was 57.0% and to cephaloridin in 1976 was 78.9%. 5) The susceptibility rates of Pseudomonas were 79.5% to colimycin and 59.1% to neomycin in 1971 and 88.7% to colimycin, 56.3% to gentamycin and 59.2% to carbenicillin in 1976. The rates to streptomycin, tetracycline, bactrim and minocycline were low.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriology ; Carbenicillin ; Cephaloridine ; Chloramphenicol ; Colistin ; Enterobacter ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kanamycin ; Klebsiella ; Male ; Minocycline ; Neomycin ; Penicillin G ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Staphylococcus ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

In patients with urinary tract infections, institution of specific therapy should be preceded by careful examination of the urine and quantitative bacteriology from properly collected urine specimens. A clinical study on patients with urinary tract infections was done for observation of the changing trend in causative organisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics at Yonsei Medical Center in 1971 and 1976. The following results were obtained. 1) In 1971, 571 patients (male:2l1, female :360) with urinary tract infections were observed and in 1976, 647 patients (male :265, female :382) were observed. The ratio of male to female was 1 : 1.4-1.7, the most cases (above 60%) belonged to age group 20-49 years in both year. 2) The causative organisms of urinary tract infections were E. coli, enterobacter, staphylococcus and etc in 1971 and E. coli, enterobacter, klebsiella and etc in 1976 orderly. Cases of urinary tract infections by enterobacter and staphylococcus were decreased and cases by klebsiella, proteus and pseudomonas were increased in 1976. Urinary tract infections by E, coli were about 60% of female patients and about 25% of male patients in both year. Incidence of mixed urinary tract infections was l0.5% in l971 and 15.1% in 1976. 3) The susceptibility rates of gram negative organisms were 30.3% to ampicillin, 72.2% to Kanamycin, 79.9% to neomycin and 51,5% to bactrim in l971 and 17.5% to ampicillin, 47.8% to Kanamycin, 68.7% to gentamycin and 71.8% to colimycin in 1976. The rates to chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline were about 20% in both year. 4) The susceptibility rates of gram positive organisms were 35.4% to chloramphenicol, 38.5% to orbenin, 81.0% to penicillin G and 11.8% to tetraycline in 1971 and 50.0% to chloramphenicol, 31.6% to orbenin, 64.5% to penicillin G and 22.4% to tetracycline in 1976. The rate to ampicillin in 1971 was 57.0% and to cephaloridin in 1976 was 78.9%. 5) The susceptibility rates of Pseudomonas were 79.5% to colimycin and 59.1% to neomycin in 1971 and 88.7% to colimycin, 56.3% to gentamycin and 59.2% to carbenicillin in 1976. The rates to streptomycin, tetracycline, bactrim and minocycline were low.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriology ; Carbenicillin ; Cephaloridine ; Chloramphenicol ; Colistin ; Enterobacter ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kanamycin ; Klebsiella ; Male ; Minocycline ; Neomycin ; Penicillin G ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Staphylococcus ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Ceftazidime ; Endophthalmitis ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Vancomycin

In 44 out of 218 cases of contact lens related infectious keratitis from 19 hospitals throughout the country, contact lenses or contact lens storge cases were cultured. Microorganism was detected in 40 cases[90.9%]. Two or more organisms were isolated in 31 cases[77.5%]. Pseudomonas was the most common organism isolated from contact lens or contact lens storage medium[31 out of 84, 45.2%], followed by Serratia[15 out of 84, 17.9%], fungi [4], and acanthamoeba[4]. Acanthamoeba was found only in one hospital. Antibiotic sensitivity test for isolated pseudomonas showed that 96%of cases was sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 88%to ceftazidime.
Acanthamoeba ; Ceftazidime ; Ciprofloxacin ; Contact Lenses ; Fungi ; Keratitis* ; Pseudomonas