OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to establish the computer -assisted Delaire cephalometric analysis system with WinCeph8.0 in order to simplify the procedure of manual Delaire cephalometric analysis.

METHODSOn the basis of the theory of Delaire cephalometric analysis and the program module of WinCeph8.0, the landmark points and the auxiliary line were defined, the measurement and analysis program were written, then the computer-assisted Delaire cephalometric analysis system was established. Paired t-test and dispersion analysis of the computer-assisted and manual measurements were taken.

RESULTSComputer-assisted Delaire cephalometric analysis system was convenient and accurate to trace the landmark points and the auxiliary line. It was able to proceed the measurement and calculation automatically and display the analysis results. Statistical analysis showed that computer-assisted analysis was more accurate than manual analysis.

CONCLUSIONThis study provided a convenient, simplified, accurate computer-assisted analysis platform for Delaire cephalometric analysis which facilitated its clinical application.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the reliability of the OneCeph application according to personal computer (PC), tablet and smartphone screen size in comparison with Dolphin software on PC as a gold standard. Cephalometric landmarks were identified on 100 digital radiographs. Twenty-four cephalometric measurements were made with Dolphin software as a gold standard comparing with OneCeph application on smartphone (OS), OneCeph on PC (OP) and OneCeph on tablet (OT). All measurements were repeated after four weeks for intra-examiner reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). One-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test were done for measurement comparison between methods (Dolphin, OS, OP and OT). Results for OneCeph on smartphone and tablet, 21 measurements were comparable with Dolphin while other three (NLA, H-angle and UL to S-plane) were not. In OneCeph on PC, 20 measurements were comparable with Dolphin while other four (NLA, H-angle, U1 to A-point and UL to S-plane) were not. All different measurements were clinically insignificant except H-angle. Intra-examiner reliability represented ICC above 0.9. In conclusion, OneCeph application on three different screen size is reliable to use for cephalometric measurement. Most of the measurements are comparable with gold standard and adequate to be utilised in clinical routine. OneCeph on smartphone and tablet are advantageous from the portable feature over PC.
Cephalometry--instrumentation

No abstract available.
Cephalometry ; Prognathism* ; Retrognathia*

The cephalometry can not always to evaluate accurate the real human skull. The reconstructed 3 dimensional image of CT(Computed Tomogram) is more popular method of human skull evaluation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference between the measurements with the cephalometry and that with the 3 dimensional image of CT. Fifteen patients who visited yeungnam university hospital(from Nov. 1999 to Feb. 2000) underwent computed tomography and cephalometry. The average age was a 32-years-old. We measured the midface height(ANS-N, SE-PNS, ANS-SD), the total face height (Me-N, Me-ANS, ANS-UIE, Me-LIE, Me-ID), the midface horizontal(ANS-PNS, PNS-A, PNS-UIE), and the lower face horizontal(Go-Pog, Go-B, Go-LIE). After the acquisition of measurements using 3 dimensional CT and cephalometry statistical analysis was done with paired t-test(p< 0.05). Measured data of the midface height, the total face height and the midface horizontal showed no difference between the length at the cephalometry and that of reconstructed 3 dimensional image of CT, but the lower face horizontal showed statistically significant difference between the two. Both cephalometry and 3 dimensional CT image were accurate method for the measurement of midface height, total facial height and midface horizontal. However for the measurement of lower face horizontal, 3 dimensional CT seems to be a more accurate and reliable method.
Cephalometry ; Humans ; Skull

BACKGROUND: We conducted this study to analyze the values of the key cephalometric angular measurements of the mandible using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography scans. METHODS: In the 106 enrolled patients, a 3D cephalometric analysis was performed to measure the angular variables of the mandible. These values were compared between the two sides and between the two sexes. RESULTS: The frontal measurements revealed that the mandibular body curve angle was larger on the left (Lt) side (right [Rt], 141.24+/-7.54; Lt, 142.68+/-6.94; P=0.002) and the gonial angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 134.37+/-8.44; Lt, 131.54+/-7.14; P<0.001). The sagittal measurements showed that the gonial angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 134.37+/-8.44; Lt, 131.54+/-7.14; P>0.05). Further, the transverse measurements revealed that the mandibular body curve angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 140.28+/-7.05; Lt, 137.56+/-6.23; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide an average of the mandibular angular measurements for the Korean population, establishing a standard for determining surgical patient groups and outcome evaluations in the field of mandible contour surgery.
Cephalometry ; Humans ; Mandible*

PURPOSE: To compare cephalometric measurement between measuring methods in digital and conventional lateral cephalometric radiograph. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty digital and conventional lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected. In digital group, cephalometric measurements were performed manually using hardcopies and automatically using VCeph(TM) program on the monitor. In conventional group, the same measurements were performed manually on conventional films, and for automatic measurement conventional films were digitized by scanner. All measurements were performed twice by 4 observers, and 24 cephalometric variables were calculated and the time spent for each measurement was recorded. The differences in measurements data and the time spent for each measurement were compared within each group. Intra-observer and inter-observer comparisons were performed. RESULTS: In both groups, no statistically significant difference between manual and automatic measurements was observed and most of the variables didn't show statistically significant differences between methods. The observer with less experience tended to show statistically significant differences of measurements between methods, and differences from other observers. The differences of measurements between methods in digital group were lesser than those of conventional group with statistical significance in 8 variables out of 24. With automatic method and in digital group, the spent time was shorter. CONCLUSION: With direct digital radiograph, automatic method using manually idenitified landmarks can be preferable in cephalometric analysis.
Cephalometry ; Radiographic Image Enhancement

OBJECTIVETo investigate the hard and soft tissue changes following the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion using Twin-block appliance.

METHODS50 Class II division 1 malocclusion subjects whose handwrist radiographs were in FG-G stage were selected. One group (27 patients) was treated with Twin-block appliance, the other group (23 patients) was observed without treatment The acquired data of cephalometric of two groups were analyzed statistically with SPSS 11.0.

RESULTSSoft tissue changes, Ls-E, Li-E, U1-Stms, Stms-Stmi, NsLs-FH, LsNsLi, LsNsPg', the angle of H decreased. Sn-Stms, Stmi-Me', Ns-Me', Sn-Me', NsLi-FH, NsPg'-FH, A'Ls-FH, B'Li-FH, LiB' Pg', CmSnLs, GSnPg', the angle of Z increased, there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Hard tissue changes, SNB, L1-NB, IMPA increased, ANB, U1-SN, U1-NA, FMIA decreased, there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSagittal relationship between upper- and lower-jaws is effectively improved after orthopedics with Twin-block appliance. Lower face height increases. Soft tissue profile tends to be straight-styled.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the compatibility of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) synthesized cephalograms with conventional cephalograms, and to find a method for obtaining normative values for three-dimensional (3D) assessments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample group consisted of 10 adults with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces. They were imaged using conventional and CBCT cephalograms. The CBCT cephalograms were synthesized from the CBCT data using OnDemand 3D software. Twenty-one angular and 12 linear measurements from each imaging modality were compared and analyzed using paired-t test. RESULTS: The linear measurements between the two imaging modalities were not statistically different (p>0.05) except for the U1 to facial plane distance. The angular measurements between the two imaging modalities were not statistically different (p>0.05) with the exception of the gonial angle, ANB difference, and facial convexity. CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional cephalometric norms could be readily used for 3D quantitative assessment, if corrected for lateral cephalogram distortion.
Adult ; Cephalometry ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether there is difference with regard to chin morphology in subjects with different vertical skeletal craniofacial pattern and the relationship among them.

METHODSThe sample was composed of 80 adolescents who denied orthodontic treatment history and presented Class I skeletal pattern, aged (12.69+/-0.70) years. They were divided into three groups according to mandibular plane angle: High angle group (21 cases, FH/MP> or = 32 degrees), average angle group(43 cases, 22 degrees

RESULTSSNA, SNB and ANB presented no significant difference among three groups. Compared with the low angle group, high angle subjects exhibited increased chin height, depth/height ratio, concavity and decreased chin angle. Therefore the chin looked lathier and less protrusive in high angle group. Positive correlation was found between mandibular plane angle and chin height, concavity, curvature (P<0.05), negative correlation between mandibular plane angle and chin minimal depth, depth/height ratio, angle.

CONCLUSIONDifference emerged with regard to chin morphology in subjects with different vertical craniofacial skeletal pattern, which deserves to be taken into consideration in orthodontic treatment planning.

OBJECTIVETo study the coordination of facial soft tissue in Angle's Class I, II1, III malocclusion, providing reference for the clinical practice.

METHODS60 lateral cephalometric radiographs of three classes of Angle's malocclusion were included. 13 measurements were analyzed by SPSS 10.0.

RESULTSProtrusion of the upper and lower lips increased in Angle's II1 comparing with Angle's I and protrusion of the upper lip was larger than the lower lip, no difference was found in the facial convexity. Increase of upper lip inclination and underdevelopment of maxillary in Angle's III comparing with Angle's I. No significant different was found in the form of lower lip, soft tissue facial angle and Z angle. Comparing Angle's II1 with Angle's III, every measurements were significantly different except upper lip inclination, nasolabial angle, representing the formation mechanism of malocclusion.

CONCLUSIONSome differences were found in form and position of lip in three classes of Angle's malocclusion. However, the deformity was not obvious in Angle's II1 and Angle's III because of compensation mechanism. Nasolabial angle only reflected change of upper lip, but could not reflect characters of facial profile.