PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging findings of cerebral venous angiomas, and to compare those findings with those of cerebral angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the findings of gadolinium-enhanced MR images of 11 cases with angiographically proved cerebral venous angiomas. We obtained Tl-and T2-weighted images with gadoliniumenhanced Tl-weighted images at a 0.5 T MR imager with a spin-echo technique. We analyzed the location and signal intensity of the lesion, pattern of contrast enhancement, the distribution of draining veins and medullary veins before and after contrast enhancement, and then compared with the findings of cerebral angiography. RESULTS: The characteristic central tubular signal void structure showed low signal intensity on Tl-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in all cases. After gadolinium enhancement, we could find a characteristic enhancement of all medullary and central veins in 7 cases. CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced MR image was useful in the diagnosis of venous angiomas especially in the detection of medullary veins. The invasive cerebral angiography could be replaced by this technique in this disease.
Central Nervous System Venous Angioma* ; Cerebral Angiography* ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Hemangioma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Veins

PURPOSE: To seek adequate sequence of MR angiography (MRA) on developmental venous anomaly in the brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We collected ten cases who demonstrated developmental venous anomaly on MR image. Eight patients among them, both 3D time-of-flight (TOF) with or without Gadolinium-DTPA enhancement and phase contrast(PC) were performed: TOF without enhancement in five, TO F with enhancement in six, and PC with 10 cm/sec in five, PC with 30 cm/sec in three, and PC with 5 cm/sec velocity encoding (VNEC) in two cases. RESULTS: On enhanced 3D TOF, both dilated collecting veins and medullary veins were well depicted in five of six cases, however, the signal intensity of the collecting and medullary veins are less than arteries. Dilated hyperintense collecting veins were well demonstrated on 3D PC with below the 10cm/sec VNEC in all seven cases, but the medullary veins were poorly defined. Unenhanced 3D TOF IVIRA could not reveal any dilated collecting and medullary veins in all five cases. CONCLUSION: Enhanced 3D TO F could demonstrate the collecting and medullary veins of developmental venous anomaly, however, 3D PC with below the 10 cm/sec VN EC could showthe dilated collecting and larger draining veins. We considered that combined enhanced 3D TOF MRA and PC with VENC 10cm/sec can substitute for conventional anglogram in the diagnosis of developmental venous anomaly.
Angiography* ; Arteries ; Brain ; Central Nervous System Venous Angioma* ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Veins

HUMANS FEMALE CHILD NEOPLASMS NEOPLASMS BY HISTOLOGIC TYPE NEOPLASMS ; VASCULAR TISSUE HEMANGIOMA CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VENOUS ANGIOMA HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA HEMANGIOMA ; CAPILLARY RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LARYNX

Venous angioma is normally asymptomatic, but it can present with clinical presentations such as seizures, headache, and focal neurological deficits. Brain hemorrhage is known to be the most common complication, with nonhemorrhagic brain infarction due to venous angioma being very rare. We report the first case of supratentorial venous angioma complicated by nonhemorrhagic venous infarction. This case occurred in a 49-year-old female, and was confirmed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging including contrast-enhanced MR venography and perfusion imaging.
Brain Infarction ; Central Nervous System Venous Angioma ; Female ; Headache ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Infarction ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Middle Aged ; Perfusion Imaging ; Phlebography ; Seizures

Intracerebral venous angiomas with arterial components have been reported rarely. A case of venous angioma with arterial component is presented. The patient was a 29-year-old-female who presented with abrupt headache followed by left hemiparesis. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed intracerebral hematoma in right temporoparietal lobe and basal ganglia with surrounding signal voids. The cerebral angiography showed the characteristic umbrella appearance and single large draining vein of venous angioma in right temporoparietal lobe and fine arterial branches supplying the vascular malformation. At the operation, multiple arteriovenous fistulas without nidus were observed and delicate angiomatous network with red veins were found around the hematoma cavity, Histologic examination of the angiomatous network proved it to be an arteriovenous malformation. It was a variant of mixed angioma, venous angioma combined with arteriovenous malformation. Clinical, angiographic, and pathological features of intracerebral venous angiomas with arterial components were reviewed from literatures.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Basal Ganglia ; Central Nervous System Venous Angioma* ; Cerebral Angiography ; Headache ; Hemangioma ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paresis ; Vascular Malformations ; Veins

PURPOSE: Venous angioma (VA) is the most common congenital abnormality of the intracranial vasculature. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VA and epilepsy and to identify the characteristics of children with VA and epilepsy. METHODS: The records of all patients aged less than 18 years who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Pusan National University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with isolated VA and patients with normal MRI were compared in terms of the prevalence of epilepsy. RESULTS: In total, 2,385 pediatric patients who underwent brain MRI were enrolled. Isolated VA was identified in 26 patients (VA group). Among the patients with normal MRI findings, 225 age- and sex-matched patients to the VA-group were assigned to the control group. Nine patients in the VA group (9 of 26, 34.6%) and 27 patients in the control group (26 of 225, 11.5%; P<0.001) had epilepsy. In the VA group, 20 patients (76.9%) had the VA in the cerebral hemispheres, and 6 patients (23.1%) had the VA in the brainstem and cerebellum. The latter showed a higher prevalence of epilepsy (5 of 6, 83.3%) than the former (4 of 20, 20.0%; P=0.004). Among the nine patients who had epilepsy with VA, patients whose VA involved the brainstem and cerebellum showed a significantly higher frequency of abnormal Electroencephalographic findings than patients whose VA involved the cerebral hemispheres (P=0.016). CONCLUSION: VA, especially in the brainstem and cerebellum, might be associated with epilepsy.
Brain ; Brain Stem ; Busan ; Central Nervous System Venous Angioma ; Cerebellum ; Cerebrum ; Child* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epilepsy* ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies

Venous angioma is a congenital disease of vascular malformation, which is a mass like lesion consisted of dilated medullary veins. It is generally a silent lesion since it is found in normal brain tissues and tends to have low blood flow and pressure. The venous angioma could be diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, but most of them are incidentally diagnosed, because it is usually asymptomatic. The patients with venous angioma have nonspecific symptoms, such as headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures, progressive neurological deficit and hemorrhage. In particular, the venous angioma in cerebellum could cause hearing disturbance, tinnitus and dizziness. We report a case of venous angioma in cerebellum that had been mistaken for peripheral vestibulopathy in a patient complaining of dizziness
Angiography ; Brain ; Central Nervous System Venous Angioma ; Cerebellum ; Dizziness ; Headache ; Hearing ; Hemangioma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nausea ; Seizures ; Tinnitus ; Vascular Malformations ; Veins ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVE: Cerebral varices (CVs) without an arteriovenous shunt, so called nonfistulous CVs, are very rare, and their etiology and natural course are not well understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of nonfistulous CVs by the analysis of 39 cases.METHODS: From 2000 to 2015, 22 patients with 39 nonfistulous CVs (≥5 mm) were found by searching the medical and radiologic records of our institute. Clinical data and radiological data including numbers, sizes and locations of CVs and associated anomalies were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Previously reported cases in literature were reviewed as well.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 21 years (range, 0–78 years). On average, 1.8±1.2 CVs were found per patient. CVs were categorized as either fusiform or saccular depending on their shapes. Two patients had saccular type CVs, seventeen patients had fusiform types, and three patients had both fusiform and saccular CVs. Eight patients had associated compromise of the vein of Galen and the straight sinus. Four of those patients had sinus pericranii, as well. Five patients had CVs that were distal draining veins of large developmental venous anomalies. One patient had associated migration anomaly, and two patients had Sturge- Weber syndrome. Six patients with an isolated cerebral varix were observed. Of the 39 CVs in 22 patients, 20 lesions in 14 patients were followed up in outpatient clinics with imaging studies. The average follow-up duration was 6.6 years. During this period, no neurological events occurred, and all the lesions were managed conservatively.CONCLUSION: Nonfistulous CVs seemed to be asymptomatic in most cases and remained clinically silent. Hence, we suggest conservative management.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Brain Stem Infarctions ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations ; Central Nervous System Venous Angioma ; Cerebral Veins ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinus Pericranii ; Varicose Veins ; Veins