2007 Korean National Growth Charts were published by The Korean Pediatric Society and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in October, 2007. These Growth Charts are composed of Growth Curves and Tables, which are based on the principles such as pooling data of the different generations and application of LMS method. In this review, several tips of application using these new charts are summarized with points of view both in clinical and research fields.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Family Characteristics ; Growth Charts ; Korea

When curing the composite restorations with light curing units, the light guides are often in direct contact with oral tissues, therefore contamination of light guides is inevitable. Curing light guides fall into the "semicritical" instrument category according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and must be heat or vapor-sterilized or at a minimum, these semicritical instruments must be sterilized in a liquid chemical agent. Currently, most common methods of maintaining sterility of the light guides are wiping the guide with a disinfectant, such as glutaraldehyde, after each patient use; using autoclavable guides; using presterilized, single-use plastic guides; and using translucent disposable barriers to cover the guide.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Glutaral ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Infertility ; Light ; Plastics

objective: A suggestion of the projected workforce of Certified Infection Control Nurse in Korea Methods : I) Demand model was used for the projected workforce of Certified Infection Control Nurse . 2) Time series regression equation was used for the suggestion of the number of general hospitals and hospitals 3) Expert in infection control were contacted to get an opinion and information about the criteria of distribution and scope of Certified Infection Control Nurse. 4) National and international internet data were collected. 5) The demand of Certified Infection Control Nurse were analyzed by legislative criteria and recommended criteria of advanced nation (1) Maximal demand of Certified Infection Control Nurse: full responsibility and intra hospital concurrent responsibility (2) Minimal demand of Certified Infection Control Nurse: full responsibility and inter hospital concurrent responsibility (3) Demand of SENIC project of CDC in U.S.A: 1 Certified Infection Control Nurse every 250 beds. Results: In maximal demand. there will be 559 Certified Infection Control Nurse needed in 2002, and 746 in 2010. In minimal demand, there will be 272 Certified Infection Control Nurse needed in 2002, and 316 in 2010. On the basis of criteria of SENIC project. there will be 588-915 Certified Infection Control Nurse needed in 2002, 628-972 Certified Infection Control Nurse needed in 2010. Conclusion: In case of concurrent responsibility, intra hospital concurrent responsibility is more desirable than inter hospital concurrent responsibility, and infection control work must be major job in their work.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Hospitals, General ; Infection Control* ; Internet ; Korea*

objective: A suggestion of the projected workforce of Certified Infection Control Nurse in Korea Methods : I) Demand model was used for the projected workforce of Certified Infection Control Nurse . 2) Time series regression equation was used for the suggestion of the number of general hospitals and hospitals 3) Expert in infection control were contacted to get an opinion and information about the criteria of distribution and scope of Certified Infection Control Nurse. 4) National and international internet data were collected. 5) The demand of Certified Infection Control Nurse were analyzed by legislative criteria and recommended criteria of advanced nation (1) Maximal demand of Certified Infection Control Nurse: full responsibility and intra hospital concurrent responsibility (2) Minimal demand of Certified Infection Control Nurse: full responsibility and inter hospital concurrent responsibility (3) Demand of SENIC project of CDC in U.S.A: 1 Certified Infection Control Nurse every 250 beds. Results: In maximal demand. there will be 559 Certified Infection Control Nurse needed in 2002, and 746 in 2010. In minimal demand, there will be 272 Certified Infection Control Nurse needed in 2002, and 316 in 2010. On the basis of criteria of SENIC project. there will be 588-915 Certified Infection Control Nurse needed in 2002, 628-972 Certified Infection Control Nurse needed in 2010. Conclusion: In case of concurrent responsibility, intra hospital concurrent responsibility is more desirable than inter hospital concurrent responsibility, and infection control work must be major job in their work.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Hospitals, General ; Infection Control* ; Internet ; Korea*

Healthcare-associated infections are a major concern in relation to patient safety. Of the numerous interventions for infection control, hand hygiene is the main factor that reduces the transmission of nosocomial pathogens. In this review, we cover the history of hand hygiene, evidence supporting its efficacy, and its importance. Then, we briefly introduce the 2017 hand hygiene guidelines of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Hand Hygiene ; Hand ; Infection Control ; Korea ; Patient Safety

In China, the incidence rate of Hepatitis A has decreased from 56/100 000 in 1991 to 1.05/100 000 in 2020. The number of Hepatitis A outbreaks in China has decreased significantly, however, it has also happened in the last 5 years, and the risk still remains. In order to strengthen the technical guidance for the investigation and control of Hepatitis A outbreak, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) organized experts in related fields to compile this guideline. The main contents included outbreak definition, outbreak detecting and reporting, outbreak investigation and response, making conclusion and communication. This guideline is intended for use by staff at public health administrative departments, medical and health institutions, centers for disease control and prevention, health supervision agencies at different levels, and other relevant institutions, units and individuals. China CDC will update this guideline periodically based on the progress in this field and feedbacks during the implementation of this guideline.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Hepatitis A/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Public Health ; United States

Purpose: There has been no nationwide surveillance survey of poisoning cases in Korea. This study examined the clinical characteristics of poisoning admissions in order to obtain preliminary data for future planning. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the data on poisoning admissions of 150 hospitals based on the hospital discharge injury surveillance data of Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Korea from January to December in 2004. The demographic data, poisons used, causes of poisoning, reasons for attempted suicide and mortality rate was investigated according to the age group. The factors associated with mortality were also evaluated. Results: A total 836 patients admitted for poisoning were analyzed. Their mean age was 46.5+/-19.5 years (male 415, female 421). The most frequent age group was the 4th and 5th decades. The most common poisons involved were pesticides (45%) and medications (23%). The majority (64%) involved intentional poisoning except for those in the 1st decade. The most common reason for the attempted suicide was family problems. However, individual disease was the most common reason in those over 60 years. The overall mortality rate was 8.7% (73/836). Pesticides and being elderly (over 65 years old) were strongly correlated with fatality. Conclusion: The incidence of intentional poisoning increases from the 2nd decade making it a preventable injury. "Overall, the incidence of intentional poisoning increases from the 2nd decade". Therefore, there is a need to frame a prevention policy corresponding to each factor related to fatality, such as an elderly population and pesticides.
Aged ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Pesticides ; Poisons ; Retrospective Studies ; Suicide, Attempted

The efficacy of Thayer-Martin media (abbreviated TM media) recently introduced by the government, is a great concern to us. The results of culture on TM media are compared with the results obtained from Gram stained filrn. The subjects were 235 male patients with urethral discharge who visited the VD clinic of Choong-ku Puhlic Health Center in Seoul during 3 months period from 21th May to 20th August 1979. CDC recommendations are closely followed for Gram staining as well as for cultural identification. Among 151 positives with Gram staining, 142 were also culture positive (94.0%) while 8 were negative(5.2%) indicating reasonably good correlation. One patient was culturally positive(0. 8%) while negative by Gram staining. TM media supplied by Seoul Metropolitian Institute of Public Health which was used for this study is considered to be adequate.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Gonorrhea* ; Humans ; Male ; Public Health ; Seoul

OBJECTIVES: In an epidemiologic study on the health impact of Agent Orange exposure, the valid estimation of exposure level is the most important step. Based on recent studies, we examined the correlation between exposure levels categorized by personal exposure estimates and serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD, Dioxin), exploring the possibility of utilizing the exposure level as a surrogate for the estimate of exposure to agent orange. METHODS: During the study period (Jan 1996-Feb 1996), blood specimens of 745 subjects taken randomly among 1,329 persons and kept frozen, were analyzed for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and six other dioxin congeners. The serum dioxin and congeners were measured in 1998 by CDC ,adjusted for serum lipids. We categorized the total exposure scores into five groups based on Agent Orange exposure data collected by interview and military records. Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients & multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationship of the exposure level categorized with serum concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and six other dioxin congeners. RESULTS: Dioxin and the other congeners, except 1,2,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, showed significant correlations to exposure categories (p<0.005); 2,3,7,8-TCDD and OCDD showed positive correlations, whereas the other congeners did negative. The values of 2,3,7,8-TCDD differed according to exposure category and proportionally increased from the low exposure group to the high, a dose-response relationship, even after other possible confounding variables were adjusted for. In multiple regression analysis, age(beta=0.033), dioxin(beta=0.433), 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD(beta=0.998), 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD(beta=0.773), 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD(beta=0.255), 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD(beta=3.468), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD(beta=0.109) were found to be significantly related to the total exposure score(p<0.005). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the use of such categorizations as a surrogate measure of agent orange exposure in identifying exposure degrees in a health impact study is valid.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Citrus sinensis* ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin ; Veterans* ; Vietnam*

An important concern in treatment for gonorrhea is the high frequency of coexisting chlarnydial and gonococcal infections. But there is difficulty in the diagnosing chlamydial infection. And so, CDC recommends epidemiological treatment, of both gonorrhea and non-gonococcal urethritis in the gonorrheal treatment in order to prevent post-gonococcal urethritis(PGU), A total of 140 male patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis at the VD clinic, Choong-ku Publir. Health Center, in Seoul during December, 1987 February, 1988 were subjected to this study. The patients treated with kanamycin(KM), 2g and aqueous penicillin G(ACPG) 8 million units imaccompanied by probenecid(BEN) 1g by mouth. This combination regimen showed good effect in the treatment of gonococcal urethritis (failure rate 4.2% ). After gonorrheal treatment, the patients were divided randomly into group A and group B. In the group A, adminstrated with doxycycline monohydrate, 100mg, by mouth two times daily for 7 days, 44 and 29 patients were followed at 7th and 14th day after gonorrheal treatment. In the group B, administrated with placebo, 1 tablet, by mouth two times daily for 7 days, 49 and 39 patients were followed at 7th and 14th day after gonorrheal treatment. The PGU incidences were 27.3%(12/44), 20.7%(6,'29) in the group A and 55. 1%(27,'49), 53.8(21/39) in the group B at 7th and 14th day after gonorrheal treatment. Conclusively, eoncornitant administration of doxycycline monohydrate, 100mg, by mouth two times daily for 7 days with gonorrheal treatment lowered PGU significantly.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Doxycycline ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male* ; Mouth ; Penicillins ; Seoul ; Urethritis*