0.5). It appears that both Load 1 and Load 2 accelerated the body metablism in the subjects, as evidenced by theadaptative rise in the frequency, amplitude and index of alpha waves. At a moderate load, the index of beta waves in the occipital region was 8.4% before the experiment, risingto 14.1% (P0.5)the 2-min interval. The increase in beta index in the occipital region indicates an increase of excitability of thecentral nervous system, and its return to normal after the 2-min interval signifies the adaptability of thesubjects.

Objective To establish a stable cell line expressing transmembrane form of human blood group A antigen mimotope vaccine by transfecting malignant melanoma cell line B16, and to detect the cytotoxicity of the vaccine against melanoma cells. Methods Cultured B16 cells were classified into 4 groups, i.e.,P/F-M-pIRES group [transfected with the recombinant plasmid mimotope peptide/Fas-macrophage inflammatory protein (Mip)-pIRES], P/F-pIRES group (transfected with the recombinant plasmid mimotope peptide/FaspIRES), M-pIRES group (transfected with the recombinant plasmid Mip-pIRES), and pIRES group (transfected with the empty plasmid pIRES). B 16 cells were transfected through Lipofectamine 2000. Subsequently, RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of the mimotope peptide/Fas fusion gene and Mip3β in transfected B16 cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate the vaccinemediated complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)against B16 cells. Results RT-PCR yielded specific DNA fragments with expected size. Western blotting revealed the anti-A antibody-binding activity of the recombinant mimotope peptide/Fas fusion protein. Factor analysis indicated significant differences in CDC (F = 244.522, P ＜ 0.01 ) and ADCC (F = 71.593, P ＜ 0.01 )against B16 cells between the 4 groups. Group comparisons demonstrated more intense CDC and ADCC in P/FM-pIRES and P/F-pIRES groups compared with M-plRES and pIRES groups, stronger ADCC in P/F-M-pIRES group in comparison with P/F-pIRES group (F = 15.42, P ＜ 0.05), but no significant difference in CDC was observed between M-pIRES and pIRES group. Conclusions The transmembrane form of human blood group A antigen mimotope vaccine could be stably expressed in B16 cells, and mediate ADCC and CDC against B16 cells in vitro.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

Objective:To evaluate the efficiency and safty of home-bleaching.Methods:Randomised controlled trials on home-bleaching were searched using CBM,CNKI,Medline,EMBASE and Cochrane Library up to April,201 3.The articles were selected by inclusion criterion,qualified by Cochrane system and analysed by Meta method.Results:1 2 studies with 61 1 cases were finally includ-ed and analysed.The results showed that 1 0% carbamide peroxide (CP)produced better bleaching efficiency than 1 5% CP(MD, 0.21 ;CI:[0.03,0.38];Z =1 .92;P =0.002).Hydrogen peroxide(HP)at 35% lead to higher tooth sensitivity in office-bleaching than CP at 1 0% in home-bleaching(MD,-1 .68;95%CI:[-2.75,-0.61 ];Z =3.09;P =0.002);home-bleaching were asso-ciated with less tooth sensitivity than office-bleaching(MD,-2.64;95%CI:[-3.96,-1 .32];Z =3.93;P <0.000 1 ),while there was no significance of tooth sensitivity between home-bleaching using CP and HP (OR,1 .94;95%CI:[0.84,4.44];Z =1 .56;P =0.1 2).Conclusion:1 0% CP home-bleaching may produce better bleaching efficiency;home-bleaching is associated with less tooth sensitivity than office-bleaching.

Objective The antiviral effects of polysaccharides from Eucheuma gelatinae and Eucheuma striatum on herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) and coxsackie virus(CVB3) in vitro were assayed and their antiviral mechanism was elucidated.Methods The antiviral effects of samples were evaluated with cell cytotoxicity by MTT and cytopathic effect(CPE) methods.Antiviral mechanism of two extracts was investigated by four different ways.Results and Conclusion Polysaccharides from Eucheuma gelatinae and Eucheuma striatum had an obviously HSV-1 and CVB3 inhibitory effect.Antiviral activities of two extracts(ESPA and ESPA2) were better than acyclovir(ACV).Antiviral activities of all extracts were better than ribavirin injection.Polysaccharides from Eucheuma striatum had remarkable anti-CVB3 effects.The experiment also showed that Eucheuma polysaccharides not only kill the above viruses directly but also restrain them via getting into cells or absorbing on cells.

Objective To investigate the apoptotic effect of the transmembrane form vaccine of human blood group A mimotope on malignant melanoma cell line B16. Methods B16 cells were transfected with different recombinant plasmid through Lipofectamine 2000 and incubated with different concentration of monoclonal anti-A antibody at 2.5 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml,10 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml. Apoptosis rate of cells was determined with Annexin Ⅴ/PI double staining by flow cytometry. Results Apoptosis rate to P/F-M-pIRES group B16 cells was 74.74% when anti-A monoclonal antibody concentration was 10 μg/ml; apoptosis rate of plasmids carrying peptide/Fas fusion gene such as P/F-M-pIRES group and P/F-pIRES group were significantly higher than M-pIRES group and pIRES group. The apoptosis rate was statistically significantly different between different recombinated plasmid groups (F＝669.707,P＜0.01). The apoptosis rate was statistically significantly different between different antibody groups (F＝106.596,P＜0.01). The interaction between recombinated plasmid groups and antibody groups was statistically significant (F＝34.806,P＜0.01). Conclusions The transmembrane form vaccine of human blood group A mimotope could induce B16 cell apoptosis in vitro. This vaccine may be a promising candidate for potential malignant melanoma therapy.

Background The establishment of chronic ocular hypertension is a basis for the research of glaucoma.Previous laser photocoagulation method to establish ocular hypertension model showed obvious fluctuation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and complications and need repeatedly photocoagulation.Improvement of modeling method is of important significance for glaucoma.Objective This study was to establish chronic ocular hypertension rat models by transgoniscope laser photocoagulation to trabecular meshwork and to compare this method with previous translimbal laser photocoagulation.Methods Thirty-six 8 to 12-week-old clean grade Fischer344 rats were collected and divided into normal control group,translimbal laser photocoagulation group and transgoniscope laser photocoagulation group,12 rats for each group.Five hundred and thirty-two nm YAG laser was used to photocoagulate trabecular meshwork translimbally in the right eyes of rats in the translimbal laser photocoagulation group,with the laser power 440-500 mW and spots 40-60,and the photocoagulation was perfored transgoniscopely in the right eyes of rats in the transgoniscope laser photocoagulation group,with the laser power 800-850 mW and spots 100-120.IOP was measured by using Tonolab tonometer in all the rats after modeling.The rats were sacrificed 3 weeks after modeling and retinas were isolated,the Tuj-1 positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were counted by immunofluorescence technology.The use and care of the animals followed the Statement of ARVO.Results The successful rate of establishement of models was 75％ in the translimbal laser photocoagulation group and 100％ in the transgoniscope laser photocoagulation group.The mean IOP was (11.0±1.3),(23.4±12.6) and (25.3± 4.9) mmHg,and the peak IOP was (12.3 ± 1.0),(50.5 ± 7.3) and (44.3 ± 12.3) mmHg in the normal control group,transgoniscope laser photocoagulation group and translimbal laser photocoagulation group,respectively,with significant differences among the groups (F=25.496,80.762,both at P＜0.001),and the mean IOP was significantly higher in the transgoniscope laser photocoagulation group and translimbal laser photocoagulation group than that in the normal control group (all at P＜0.001),and no significant differences in the mean and peak IOP between transgoniscope laser photocoagulation group and translimbal laser photocoagulation group (P=1.000,P=0.195).The numbers of Tuj-1 positive RGCs in the retinas were (2 048.2± 148.5),(645.2 ± 177.1) and (1 223.7 ± 148.6)/mm2 in the normal control group,transgoniscope laser photocoagulation group and translimbal laser photocoagulation group,showing a significant difference among the groups (F=98.767,P＜0.001).The number of Tuj-1 positive RGCs was considerably reduced in the transgoniscope laser photocoagulation group and translimbal laser photocoagulation group compared with the normal control group and the number of Tuj-1 postive RGCs was low in the translimbal laser photocoagulation group compared with the transgoniscope laser photocoagulation group (all at P＜0.001).Conclusions Transgoniscope laser photocoagulation targeting trabecular meshwork can induce chronic ocular hypertension and RGCs losing.However,its pattern is different from translimbal laser photocoagulation.Transgoniscope laser photocoagulation has a higher successful rate of chronic ocular hypertention than that of translimbal laser photocoagulation.

AIM:To study and compare the outcomes of coaxial 2. 2 mm phacoemulsiflcation with conventional coaxial 3 mm small-incision cataract surgery.
METHODS: A randomized prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with age - related cataract:coaxial 2. 2 mm micro - incision cataract surgery was performed in 50 cases (50 eyes), and coaxial 3 mm small incision cataract surgery was performed in 50 cases ( 50 eyes) . Statistical analysis was takenwith the data of the two groups. Visual acuity, VF and QOL were compared at intervals of 1wk and 3mo after surgery. In addition, surgically induced astigmatism ( SIA ) was analyzed. Statistic analysis was taken by Student's t-test and Chi-square test.
RESULTS:There was no significant difference on BCVA (t=-1. 366, -1. 688; P=0. 148, 0. 107) between these two groups. One week and 3mo after the surgery, SIA was (0. 46±0.29)D, (0. 43±0. 26)D in the 2. 2 group; and (1. 55±0. 59) D, (0. 89±0. 28) D, in 3. 0 group. The differences between these two groups were statistically significant ( t=-7. 348, -3. 788; P = 0. 000, 0. 000 ) There were no statistically significant differences on VF scores between two group, while it's got a better score in 2. 2 groups on vision adaptation. (t=-3. 348, P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION:Coaxial 2. 2mm micro-incision cataract surgery could significantly reduce SIA and obtain morestable status of VF and QOL. This suggests that the coaxial 2. 2 phacoemulsification surgery implanted AkreosMI60 intraocular lens could get earliervisual rehabilitation postoperation.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the controlled virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) in liver of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated withnon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Two hundred and twenty-seven patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD were enrolled in this study,and the shear wave speed of the liver was measured by VTQ. Levels of the fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol three acids glyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein , aspertate aminotransferase , alanine aminotransferase , gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and uric acid were measured. The relationships among VTQ and the severity of NAFLD , and those quantitative indexes were analyzed. Results Univariate analysis showed that the value of shear wave speed was negatively correlated with age,duration of diabetes,INS and HDL-C,while was positively correlated with HbA1c and AST. Conclusion Age, sex and levels of serum HbA1c,INS,AST and HLD-C might affect the values of shear wave speed in patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD.

Objective To carry out a meta-analysis on the published data to evaluate therapeutic effects of intact canal wall mastoidectomy and open mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma otitis media .Methods A comprehensive search was performed in VIP (1989-2015) ,WANFANG (1999-2015) ,CNKI (1994-2015) and CAJD databases to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the intact canal wall mastoidectomy and open mastoidectomy treat cholesteatoma otitis media ,and to analyze the RCTs in meta -analysis method .Results 1 069 patients were analyzed in the 18 RCTs which met the inclusion criteria .Patients were followed up from 3 months to 7 years .The meta-analysis results suggested that ,compared with the open mastoidectomy group ,the patients had less operative time (test for overall effect :Z=15 .54 ,MD= -18 .36 ,95% CI(-24 .54 ,-12 .18) , P<0 .000 01) ,less dry ear time (test for overall effect :Z=8 .64 ,MD= -13 .90 ,95% CI(-17 .05 ,-10 .75) , P<0 .000 01) ,less complica‐tions (test for overall effect :Z=7 .63 ,OR=0 .19 ,95% CI(0 .12 ,0 .29) , P<0 .000 01) ,and more patients with decreased pure tone air conduction thresholds >10 dB (test for overall effect:Z=2 .83 ,OR=2 .47 ,95% CI(1 .32 , 4 .61) ,P=0 .005) ,more patients with air-bone gaps <20 dB(Z=3 .05 ,OR=1 .60 ,95% CI(1 .18 ,2 .17) ,P=0 .002) ,but the recurrent rate is not different significantly (test for overall effect :Z= 1 .92 ,OR =1 .87 ,95% CI (0 .99 ,3 .53) ,P=0 .05) .Conclusion The illness is suitable to be treated by using the two surgical ways while the intact canal wall mastoidectomy treatment takes less operative time ,dry ear time and complications ,and improve hearing more significantly than the open mastoidectomy ,but the recurrent rate is not different significantly for trea‐ting cholesteatoma otitis media .