Cellulose was prepared successfully from rice straw by alkali and acid method and bleached by hydrogen peroxide. The effects of percentages of sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and bleaching method on quality of the cellulose were studied. The product meets requirements of the pharmaceutical grade and may be applied for producing tablets.
cellulose ; Drug Compounding

Microcrystalline cellulise was prepared successfully from cellulose was prepared successfully from cellulose of rice straw by selective hydrolytic method in dilute hydrochloride acid. Effects of percentages of hydrochloride acid, duration of hydrolysis process on productivity and coloration of the Microcrystalline cellulose collected were studied. The product was standardized and complied with it is standard. The product may be applied for producing tablets.
cellulose ; Drug Compounding

Bagasse, an abundant available waste has high -cellulose content (more than 38%) and less than 1.5% as content. In Vietnam, bagasse from refinery at VietTri, VanDiem has cellilose content more than 48%. Powdered cellulose, which is used as a tablet diluent, can be prepared from bagasse. Product is a white powder and loses less than 5.7% of its weight when dried. The supernatant liquid of a 10% dispersion in water has a pH of 7.02.
cellulose ; Drug Compounding

No abstract available.
Cellulose* ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

The shortage of medical resources promotes medical treatment reform, and smart healthcare is a promising strategy to solve this problem. With the development of Internet, real-time health status is expected to be monitored at home by using flexible healthcare systems, which puts forward new demands on flexible substrates for sensors. Currently, the flexible substrates are mainly traditional petroleum-based polymers, which are not renewable. As a natural polymer, cellulose, owing to its wide range of sources, convenient processing, biodegradability and so on, is an ideal alternative. In this review, the application progress of nanocellulose in flexible sensors is summarized. The structure and the modification methods of cellulose and nanocellulose are introduced at first, and then the application of nanocellulose flexible sensors in real-time medical monitoring is summarized. Finally, the advantages and future challenges of nanocellulose in the field of flexible sensors are discussed.
Cellulose/chemistry* ; Hydrogels/chemistry* ; Polymers

The formation of adhesion following strabismus surgery may result in restrictive ocular motility dysfunction. We performed conventional recessions of both inferior and superior rectus muscle in right eyes of 11 white rabbits as control group and a sheet of 2 x 2 mm absorbable cellulose(Interceed, TC7) was inserted between rectus muscle and conjunctiva in left eyes of 11 rabbits as interceed group in the hope of preventing postoperative adhesion. We examined conjunctival injection, corneal abrasion, scleral necrosis and discharge at 1st, 2nd day, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th week following surgery and examined muscle adhesion powers by spring gauge and degrees of adhesion by blunt disection and histopathologic examination with light microscope at 6th week. The postoperative corneal and conjunctival findings and muscle adhesion powers were similar but degrees of adhesion at both blunt dissection and histopathologic examination revealed statistically significant reduction of adhesion in absorbable cellulose group than control group. From these findings, it would appear that the use of absorbable cellulose is effective in preventing postoperative adhesion following strabismus surgery .
Cellulose, Oxidized ; Conjunctiva ; Hope ; Necrosis ; Rabbits* ; Strabismus*

Avicel is made of a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and used for virus plaque assay. The avicel in common use is produced by FMC Biopolymer. Due to the relatively fixed proportion of MCC and CMC, avicel in common use is not suitable for plaque determination experiment of all types of viruses. In this study, we evaluated the effect of avicel made of different proportions of MCC and CMC on virus plaque assay, and developed an improved avicel virus plaque assay featured with simple and convenient operation, good practicability and high stability. To generate avicel overlays with different proportions of MCC and CMC, twelve different 2×avicel solutions were prepared. Their overall viscosity and bottom viscosity were measured to evaluate the ease of operation. The results showed that most of the 2×avicel solutions (except the 4.8% MCC+1.4% CMC and 4.8% MCC+1.0% CMC group) were easy to absorb and prepare nutrient overlap than 2×CMC solution. In order to find the best scheme to detect the titer of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), these avicel overlay solutions with different proportion of MCC and CMC were used as a replacement in the standard plaque assay. By comparing the size, clarity, stability and titer accuracy of virus plaque, we identified that 0.6% MCC and 0.7% CMC was the most preferable composition of avicel overlay for PEDV plaque assay. In conclusion, we developed an improved virus plaque assay based on avicel, which may facilitate the research of virus etiology, antiviral drugs and vaccines.
Animals ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/chemistry* ; Cellulose/chemistry* ; Swine

Purification and characterization of intracellular cellulase produced by A. oryzae ITCC-4857.01 are reported. The enzyme was purified by ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-cellulose followed by Gel filtration. The purification achieved was 41 fold from the crude extract with yield of 27%. The purified enzyme showed single band on poly acrylamide gel. The molecular weight as determined by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration was 38 KDa and 38.6 KDa respectively and contained only one subunit. The enzyme is glycoprotien as nature and contained 0.67% neutral sugar. The apparent Km value of the enzyme against cellulose was 0.83%. The enzyme showed the highest relative ativities on CMC followed by avicel, salicin and filter paper. The optimum pH of activity was 5.5 and very slight activity was observed at or above pH 7.5 as well as bellow pH 3.5. The optimum tempreture of the activity was 45degrees C and the highest activity was exhibited in 35 to 45degrees C. The enzyme lost their activities almost completely (95~100%) at 80 degrees C or above and as well as bellow 25degrees C.
Acrylamide ; Aspergillus ; Aspergillus oryzae ; Benzyl Alcohols ; Cellulase ; Cellulose ; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; DEAE-Cellulose ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Glucosides ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Weight ; Oryza

In order to determine the enzyme activity, as expressed in Reitman-Frankel unit, of GOT isozyme present in whole homogenate, mitochondrial fraction and supernatant fraction were prepared from brain tissues of normal adult rabbit, by a differential centrifugal method. The effect of thiopental on the GOT isozyme activity in each fraction was determined and the following results were obtained. 1) The activity of GOT isozyme in whole homogenate of normal rabbit brain tissues was found to be 545+/-2.608 units/mg of wet weight whereas the corresponding figure for the supernatant GOT isozyme was 512+/-3.081 and the value for the mitochondrial GOT isozyme was found to be 34.9+/-1.224. 2) The supernatant GOT isozyme existing in a floating status within the cytoplasm accounted for 94 percent followed by 6.35 percent of mitochondrial GOT isozyme. 3) The activated-peak of mitochondrial GOT isozyme contained in the whole homogenate of adult rabbit brain tissues was found to be at #15 on the tube of elution in comparison to that of #73 for supernatant GOT isozyme, as analyzed by the DEAE-Cellulose column chromasography. 4) The supernant GOT isozyme from the thiopentaltreated brain was proportionaly distorted while mitochondrial GOT isozyme was not influenced. Fro example, treated with thiopental, the supernatant GOT isozyme was divided to be #63 & #73 on the tube in comparison to #15 for the mitochondrial GOT isozyme. 5) The activity of supernatant isozyme was proportionaly reduced as the concentration of thiopental. 6) Fifty percent inhibition dose(1se) of thiopental on the supernatant GOT isozyme was found to be 0.63mM. 7) The inhibitory effect of thiopental on the supernatant GOT isozyme was very high significantly by the statistics. 8) The mchanism by which thiopental inhibits the supernatant GOT isozyme in the adult rabbit brain was found to bh uncompetitive inhibition as its Michaelis-Menten constant Km=58.07mM demonstrated. In view of the above finding it is suggested that the thiopental inhibited selectively the activity of supernatant GOT isozyme of the adult rabbit brain tissues while it did not inhibitnificantly by the statistics. 8) The mechanism by which thiopental inhibits the supernatant GOT isozyme in the adult rabbit brain was found to bh uncompetitive inhibition as it Michaelis-Menten constant of Km=58.07 mM demonstrated. In view of the above findings it is suggested that the thiopental inhibited selectively the activity of supernatant GOT isozyme of the adult rabbit brain tissues while it did not inhibit that of mitochondrial GOT isozyme. The GOT isozyme of adult rabbit brain tissues was divided into thiopental-sensitive GOT isozyme(supernatant GOT isozyme) and thiopental insensitive GOT isozyme(mitochondrial GOT isozyme) Furthermore, it is suggested that the cellular function of the brain can be somewhat hindered, when thiopental is injected into the brain cell, while mitosis of the brain cell is not influenced.
Adult* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases* ; Brain* ; Cytoplasm ; DEAE-Cellulose ; Humans ; Mitosis ; Thiopental*

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological properties of a variety of materials that could be used in partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 54 Sprague-Dawley rats(9 for each group) divided into an experimental period of 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. 2 other groups were the negative control for this experiment. We inserted oxidized regenerated cellulose and porcine small intestine submucosa into the defected renal parenchyme in the experimental groups. At the end of the observation periods, the animals were killed and their specimens prepared for histological examination to evaluate the different materials biocompatibility. RESULTS: The reaction of the tissue to the materials diminished with time. After analyzing both periods, the inflammatory reactions to oxidized regenerated cellulose and porcine small intestine submucosa were considered slight. There were no significant differences between oxidized regenerated cellulose and porcine small intestine submucosa. Oxidized regenerated cellulose and porcine small intestine submucosa showed biocompatibility in this test model at both time periods. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that there was no difference of biocompatibility between oxidized regenerated cellulose and porcine small intestine submucosa. Both materials are safe, biocompatible materials that can be inserted into the renal parenchyma.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cellulose ; Intestine, Small ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Rats