PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of depression, stress, and self-efficacy on the addiction to cell phone use among university students. METHODS: Data were collected through questionnaires from 563 students and analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 16.0. RESULTS: The proportion of depressed subjects was 52.6%. The addictive group scored higher than the non-addictive group in depression rate and stress, but scored lower in self-efficacy. Out of the subjects, 32.9% were found to be addictive users, 31.3% at potential risk, and 1.6% at high risk. Significant variables influencing addictive users were stress, self-efficacy, and the user's general characteristics including monthly spending money, sex, the hours of daily use, and the main method of use. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that such variables should be carefully considered in interventions for university students addicted to cell phone use.
Cellular Phone ; Depression ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: It is still the important subject that 3D visualizing of medical images to help patient diagnose. There were many challenges for fast 3D visualization but it has some limitations that volume rendering without high price's hardware and software. Some techniques through the web were suggested to construct high quality's 3D visualization even though it was an only poor personal computer. This technique could share the volume rendering board and diagnose 3D images together. However there are some problems to construct web based 3D visualization. These are network delay, optimized visualization and security etc. The purpose of this paper was to visualize and control the 3D medical image having a high quality on the web. METHODS: To construct this system, we used mainly three tools which were VolumePro1000 board, WMV9(Windows Media Video 9 Codec) and socket functions based on TCP(Transmission Control Protocol). VolumePro1000 board could calculate quickly heavy matrixes of 3D images using phong's shading and shear-warp factorization. WMV9 was able to compress efficiently live images and to apply image streaming technique. Socket functions based on TCP transmitted messages to control the 3D images. RESULTS: We developed 3D visualization system and evaluated about image qualities and transmission conditions of different compression rates on unfixed network condition. CONCLUSION: It was big advantages that WMV9 encoder could decode automatically in many platforms(desk top, PDA, notebook, cellular phone, etc) without installing specific decoding programs if they only have Windows Media player. We expect 3D visualization system to be utilized various biomedical fields such as IIGS(Interactive Image Guided Surgery), CAD(Computer Aided Diagnosis) and Tele-medicine technologies.
Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Rivers*

No abstract available.
Anxiety ; Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior

No abstract available.
Anxiety ; Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction prevention program for middle school students, and to examine the effects of the program on self-esteem, self-efficacy, impulsiveness, and cell phone use. METHODS: The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pre-test-post-test design. The participants were 63 middle school students (31 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group). Students in the experimental group were given the cell phone addiction prevention program. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. RESULTS: Students in the experimental group reported a significant increase in self-esteem compared to students in the control group. Students in the experimental group also reported a significant decrease in cell phone use compared to students in the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that the cell phone addiction prevention program was effective in increasing self-esteem and decreasing cell phone use in middle school students.
Behavior, Addictive ; Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Child Health

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop an education program on cell phone use for elementary school students, and examine its effects on their knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and self-control in cell phone use. METHODS: The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 64 elementary school students (31 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group). Students in the experimental group were given the education program on cell phone use. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. RESULTS: Students in the experimental group reported increased knowledge and attitude regarding cell phone use which were significantly higher than students in the control group (p<.001, p<.001). But, self-efficacy and self-control for students in the experimental group were not different from those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that the education program for cell phone use is effective in increasing knowledge and attitude regarding cell phone use in elementary school students.
Behavior, Addictive ; Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Child Health

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify satisfaction with the method of evaluating practical skills in fundamental nursing through cellular phone animation self-monitoring and feedback. METHOD: The participants were 163 first-year student nurses. Data were collected from October 1 to 5 2007 using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The average score for satisfaction was 3.65(+/-.69) and the highest score was for the item, "I was pleased to have the opportunity of relearning by looking back at my behaviors through self monitoring" with 4.05(+/-.89). The average score for dissatisfaction was 3.23(+/-.90) and the highest score was "I memorized only orders according to the checklist" with 3.65(+/-.97). The practical tests method showed a significant difference according to motivation for application to college of nursing (F=3.11, p=.047). There was a significant positive correlation between practical education satisfaction and test method (r=.363, p=.000). CONCLUSION: These findings show that there is a need to develop strategies to improve practical test methods for student nurses.
Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Motivation ; Urinary Catheterization

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effect of mobile-based discussion versus computer-based discussion on self-directed learning readiness, academic motivation, learner-interface interaction, and flow state. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at one university. Eighty-six nursing students who were able to use a computer, had home Internet access, and used a mobile phone were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to either the mobile phone app-based discussion group (n = 45) or a computer web-based discussion group (n = 41). The effect was measured at before and after an online discussion via self-reported surveys that addressed academic motivation, self-directed learning readiness, time distortion, learner-learner interaction, learner-interface interaction, and flow state. RESULTS: The change in extrinsic motivation on identified regulation in the academic motivation (p = 0.011) as well as independence and ability to use basic study (p = 0.047) and positive orientation to the future in self-directed learning readiness (p = 0.021) from pre-intervention to post-intervention was significantly more positive in the mobile phone app-based group compared to the computer web-based discussion group. Interaction between learner and interface (p = 0.002), having clear goals (p = 0.012), and giving and receiving unambiguous feedback (p = 0.049) in flow state was significantly higher in the mobile phone app-based discussion group than it was in the computer web-based discussion group at post-test. CONCLUSIONS: The mobile phone might offer more valuable learning opportunities for discussion teaching and learning methods in terms of self-directed learning readiness, academic motivation, learner-interface interaction, and the flow state of the learning process compared to the computer.
Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning* ; Mobile Applications ; Motivation ; Students, Nursing*

BACKGROUND: Cellular phones are extremely prevalent in modern society and they enable appropriate feedback mechanisms through real time monitoring and short message services regarding blood glucose levels. We investigated whether cellular phone-based telemedicine support system could improve blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients who were in inadequate glycemic control regardless of insulin therapy. METHODS: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted involving 74 type 2 diabetic patients with suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c levels > 7%) regardless of insulin therapy. The intervention (cellular phone-based telemedicine) group managed their blood glucose using a cellular phone for 3 months, while the control (self monitoring of blood glucose) group managed their blood glucose with a standard glucometer for the same period. RESULTS: Three months later, HbA1c levels were decreased in both groups. However, the decrease in the control group from 8.37% to 8.20% was only 0.20% (P = 0.152) which was not significant. In contrast, the intervention group had a significant reduction of 0.61% from 8.77% to 8.16% (P < 0.001). Moreover, among patients with a baseline > or = 8%, the patients in the intervention group showed a significant reduction of 0.81% from 9.16% to 8.34% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: HbA1c levels were significantly decreased in the cellular phone-based telemedicine group compared with the control group after 3 months. This study suggests that cellular phone-based telemedicine is helpful for better glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients who previously were unable to control glucose levels adequately with insulin therapy.
Blood Glucose ; Cellular Phone ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glucose ; Humans ; Insulin ; Telemedicine

OBJECTIVES: We report a case of n-hexane-induced occupational peripheral polyneuropathy. The patient had been cleaning mobile phone cases using n-hexane for 3 years without proper protection in the workplace. Method : Physical examinations, detailed history taking, laboratory studies and electrophysiological study were done. The n-hexane concentration in the ambient air of the workplace was analysed. RESULTS: The findings of the electrophysiological study revealed that the worker's neurologic symptoms were due to peripheral polyneuropathy. The average n-hexane concentration in the ambient air sampled at the workplace for 59 minutes was 1411.24ppm, from which the 8 hour time-weighted-average(TWA) was estimated as 882ppm. Because other alternative causes for peripheral polyneuropathy were ruled out by laboratory findings and detailed history taking, this TWA level strongly suggested that the disease was caused by n-hexane exposure. Conclusion : Although the neuro-toxicity of n-hexane is relatively well known, many problems have been identified in the management of this toxic material in terms of preventing toxic diseases in the workplace. We expect that this case will help in the planning of health management strategies for using n-hexane in the workplace.
Cellular Phone* ; Humans ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Physical Examination ; Polyneuropathies*