Objectives: This research aims to investigate whether there is an association between acute hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus and the amount of circulating platelet-derived microparticles (PDMPs) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) initial episode. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects were AMI patients underwent hospitalization. Demography and clinical data were obtained from hospital records. Diabetes mellitus was defined from history of disease, antidiabetic use and/or level of HbA1C ≥6.5%. Levels of HbA1c, admission random and fasting blood glucose levels were measured in hospital laboratory. The PDMPs was measured by flow-cytometry method, by tagging with CD-41 FITC and CD-62 PE markers and threshold size of <1 µm, from venous blood. The circulating PDMPs amount was compared according to glucometabolic state, namely acute hyperglycemia (admission random glucose ≥200 mg/dL and fasting glucose ≥140 mg/dL) and diabetes mellitus. The comparative analysis between group was conducted with Student T tests or Mann-Whitney tests, where applicable. Results: A total of 108 subjects were included and their data analyzed. Circulating PDMPs amount was significantly lower in subjects with admission random glucose ≥200 mg/dL as compared to those with below level (median (interquartile range (IQR)): 2,710.0 (718.0-8,167.0) count/mL vs. 4,452.0 (2,128.5-14,499.8) count/mL, p=0.05) and in subjects with fasting glucose ≥140 mg/dL as compared to those with below level (median (IQR): 2,382.0 (779.0-6,619.0) count/mL vs. 5,972.0 (2,345.7-14,781.3) count/mL, p=0.006). Circulating PDMPs amount was also significantly lower in diabetes mellitus as compared to non diabetic (median (IQR): 2,655.0 (840.0-5,821.0) count/mL vs. 4,562.0 (2,128.5-15,055.8) count/mL; p=0.007). Conclusion Acute hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus significantly associated with lower amount of circulating PDMPs during the initial episode of AMI.
Hyperglycemia ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Cell-Derived Microparticles

Cell-Derived Microparticles ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes, play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication. EVs derived from various cell types have the potential to deliver complex information to endothelial cells and to induce either pro- or anti-angiogenic signaling.
Cell-Derived Microparticles ; Endothelial Cells ; Extracellular Vesicles ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Pathologic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the alteration of microparticles (MP) in the recipients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and its significance, and to search the early diagnostic indicators of thrombotic complications after transplantation.

METHODSAccording to the occurrence of transplantation-associated complications, 94 allo-HSCT patients were divided into 4 groups: thrombotic group (VOD n = 7, TMA n = 2), acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) group (n = 27), infection group (n = 41) and non-complication group (n = 17). Alterations of serum concentration of tissue factor positive microparticles (TF(+) MP) and endothelial microparticles (EMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry during the process of conditioning treatment and the early stage after transplantation. The relation of these 2 kinds of MP with complications was analysed.

RESULTS(1) The levels of TF(+) MP and EMP of patients undogoing allo-HSCT before conditioning treatment were obviously higher than those in normal controls, and showed some elevation during different times, but there was no significant statistical difference. Although the levels of TF(+) MP and EMP at the end of conditioning treatment were some higher than those before conditioning treatment, but there was no statistical difference between them. (2)The levels of TF(+) MP and EMP in thrombotic group were obviously higher than those in aGVHD group and infection group (P < 0.05). (3)The levels of TF(+) MP and EMP in thrombotic group at different times were significant differences from those in other groups (P < 0.05), and the levels of TF(+) MP and EMP were no significant difference from those in non-complication group.

CONCLUSIONThe increase of the TF(+) MP and EMP levels may be associated with occurrence of thrombosis after transplantation, indicating occurrence of the thrombotic complications, like hepatic vein occulusive disease (HVOD). The dynamically monitoring levels of TF(+) MP and EMP contributes to early discovery of thrombotic complications.

Biomarkers ; blood ; Cell-Derived Microparticles ; metabolism ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; Humans ; Inflammation ; blood

OBJECTIVETo analyze the quantity and size distribution of 24-hour urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) from healthy adults.

METHODSThe 24-hour uEVs from 9 healthy adults were isolated by hydrostatic filtration dialysis (HFD). The effectiveness of uEVs enrichment was evaluated using Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The quantity and size distribution of the uEVs was analyzed with BCA protein quantification, TEM, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA).

RESULTSuEVs with different sizes and morphologies were observed under TEM. Western blotting confirmed the expression of TSG101 in all the uEV fractions from the 9 donors, ranging from 132.50 to 760.70 ng/mL. NTA results showed that the number of 24-hour uEVs amount ranged from 3.56 × 10¹² particles to 5.12 × 10¹² particles, with a CV of 14.23%. The proportion of the vesicles with a diameter <40 nm was 0.04%-0.69% with a number range of (1.80-26.49)× 10⁹ particles; the proportion of vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm (which is consistent with the size of exosomes)was 22.07%-42.08% with a number range of (1.00-1.77)× 10¹² particles. The proportion of vesicles with a diameter of 100-1000 nm (consistent with the size of microvesicles) was 57.88%-77.85% with a number range of (2.09-3.86)× 10¹² particles.

CONCLUSIONThe established HFD method allows efficient and convenient isolation of uEVs from a large amount of urine samples. The 24-hour uEVs from healthy adults show narrow differences between individuals and thus can be an ideal source of samples for relevant studies.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicle (MSC-MV) is a membrane secretory system which includes microparticle and exosome, and MSC-MV is released by MSC in resting or activated state. MSC-MV selectively package the biological active substances such as lipids, proteins, mRNA and miRNA but not loads them randomly. It has definitive effect of reducing tissue injury, promoting morphological and functional recovery of the injured tissue, and this effect is probably mediated by miRNA. What is more, the MSC-MV may also possess the biological function of immunological regulation, modulation of cell growth and differentiation. The generation, constitution, and function of MSC-MV are reviewed in this article.
Animals ; Cell-Derived Microparticles ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of daunorubicin on the number and procoagulant activity of Microparticles derived from acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) cells.

METHODSAPL cells were isolated from bone Marrow of 5 newly diagnosed APL patients, the bone marrow mononuclear cells were collected from 5 patients with iron deficiency anemia as control.APL cells were treated with different concentration of daunorubicin(0.1,0.5,1.0 and 2.0µmol/L) for 24 h. Microparticles were extracted from the cell culture medium for qualitative anaysis of the extracted microparticles.The morphologic features of the microparticles were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The number of microparticles was detected by flow cytometry.The procoagulant activity of microparticles was measured by recalcification time assays.

RESULTSUnder a transmission electron microscope, theextracted microparticles took a round or oval morphology with a transparent center,and their diameters were arund 100nm, consistent with the morphological characteristics of microparticles. Compared with bone marrow mononuclear cells-derived microparticles,the counts of the bone marrow APL cells-derived microparticles significantly increased(P<0.05).Daunorubicin increased the shedding of microparticles in a dose-dependent manner(r=0.73,P<0.01).Compared with normal bone marrow mononuclear cells-derived microparticles,bone marrow APL cells-derived microparticles showed higher procoagulant activity(P<0.05).Daunorubicin treatment enhanced the prccoagulant activity of APL cells-derived microparticles which paralleled the increasing drug concentrations(r=-0.78,P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONDaunorubicin can promote the release of APL cells-derived microparticles and enhance their related procoagulan activity.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the levels of microparticles (MP) in plasma of patients with esseutial thrombo-cythermia(ET) and analyze the relationship between the JAK2V617F mutant and MP in ET patients. METHODS: The numerical values of MPs were analysed by using flow cytometry. Venous blood of 56 ET patients and 28 healthy persons was collected in the morning and anticoagulated with sodium citrate (1∶9). The RMP, PMP, TF RESULTS: The detection results showed that the MP levels in ET group were higher than those in normal control group: RMP (157.2±304.9/μl vs 21.3±18.4/μl), PMP (1378.9±2454/μl vs 113.8±97.1/μl), TF CONCLUSION The numerical values of MP detected are more in ET patients than those in healthy controls. The number of MP is higher in patients with thrombus than that without thrombus, so do in patients with splenomegaly and without splenomegaly. Patients with JAK2V617F mutation show higher number of TF
Blood Platelets ; Cell-Derived Microparticles ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Mutation ; Patients ; Thrombocythemia, Essential/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the appropriate procedures for preparing extracellular microvesicles (MV) derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). METHODS: Human MSCs from umbilical cords were cultured in a serum-free medium and maintained in a basal medium for 72 hours after the cell confluence reached to 80%. The supernatants of cultured cells were collected and MVs were enriched. MVs were identified by flow cytometry and electron microscopy. The total protein amount in MVs was used as a parameter for the content of MVs. The supernatants were adjusted to different pH values, and the output of MVs was detected. The supernatants were also collected for enriching the MV and detecting the protein content of MV after the cells were maintained in the basic medium for different time. RESULTS: Flow cytometric analysis showed that the MVs expressed CD9, CD63 and CD81, morphologically presented round under an electron microscope and the diameter of MV was around 100 nm. After enrichment of MV, the protein content of MVs in the supernatants was 416.8±128.1, 255.4±77.9 and 142.8±46.4 μg per 10 MSC，respectively at pH of supernatant 3, 7 and 9 (P＜0.05). The protein content of the supernatants per 10 MSC was 173.6±44.5, 262.4±49.6 and 364.2±37.8 μg respectively after starvation culture for 48, 72 and 96 hrs (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION MVs can be readily collected after MSCs were starved for 96 hours, and the pH of the supernatants is adjusted at 3.0.
Cell-Derived Microparticles ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Umbilical Cord