Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is the most effective curative therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Incidence of MDS increases with age, peaking in the seventh decade of last century. Despite improved consolidation chemotherapy regimens, the prognosis of MDS in patients beyond 60 years of age is dismal. The introduction of peripheral blood-derived stem cell grafts into allogeneic HSCT and the known anti-tumor effect of donor lymphocyte infusions paved the way for reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, which makes transplant possible in advanced age, significantly alleviates transplant-related organ toxicity and decreases non-relapse mortality. This article reviews the advanced development of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndromes and the future of reduced intensity conditioning hematopoietic stem cell transplants including feasibility of RIC allo-HSCT in treating patients with MDS, selection of MDS cases for RIC allo-HSCT, opportunity of RIC allo-HSCT, source of stem cells for RIC allo-HSCT, RIC regimen for allo-HSCT, evaluation of curative efficacy and prognosis, GVHD and graft versus MDS, and so on.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; therapy ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous

Results from the transplantation of donor spermatogonia into xenogeneic recipient seminiferous tubules indicate that donor germ cells are capable of differentiating to form spermatozoa with morphological character of the donor species. With the advances in freezing, culturing in vitro and enriching germ cell populations, germ cell transplantation procedures have applications of paramount values in medicine, basic science and animal reproduction. Additionally, these techniques can serve as an alternative approach for gonadal protection and fertility preservation especially in patients accepting large dose of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In this article we reviewed the recent advances in xenogeneic transplantation of spermatogonial stem cell and also analyzed the potential problems existing in its clinical application.
Animals ; Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatogonia ; transplantation ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous

This paper summarizes the current literature on the potential therapeutic role of stem cell transplantation for kidney injury and repair and focuses on the choice of types of stem cells, the method of transplantation, and the mechanisms of stem cell homing to injured renal tissues and its protective effects. The application of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) shows wide prospects, but the approach and optimal dose of cell transplantation are under intensive investigation. Signals that regulate stem cell homing to injured renal tissues may be related to chemokines or factors released in the target site. Several studies have pointed out that paracrine and endocrine of stem cells are the most likely mechanism of action in the injured nephron. Many questions remain unanswered but stem cell-based therapy is a promising new strategy for acute and chronic kidney diseases.
Animals ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; therapy ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods

This study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hi-HSCT) combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) using modified conditioning regimen for the treatment of patients with refractory and relapsed or high risk malignant hematologic diseases, the clinical efficacy in 30 patients with refractory and relapsed or high risk malignant, who voluntarily received HSCT was analyzed. Among the 30 patients there were 4 relapsed cases and 26 cases of high risk malignant hematologic diseases. The above-mentioned patients included 15 AML, 9 ALL, 3 pro T lymphoblast lymphoma/leukemia, 1 spleen boundary zone lymphoma IVB, 1 NK/T lymphoma and 1 Burkitt lymphoma IVB. The results showed that the implantation was achieved in all 30 cases, among them 19 cases (63%) had aGVHD and 6 cases (20%) had III-IV aGVHD, 8 cases (32%) had cGVHD including 1 case of extensive and 7 cases of limited. Three cases relapsed at 300 days (128-455 d) after transplantation. 8 cases died, among them 1 case died of relapse, 2 cases died of IV aGVHD with relapse, 5 cases died of infection and organ failure. It is concluded, the efficacy of hi-HSCT combined with umbilical cord MSC for treatment of patients with refractory and relapsed or high risk malignant hematologic diseases is favorable.
Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome

This study was aimed to explore the effect of different cryopreservation time on recovery rate of cord blood stem cells, and analyze the influence of cord blood cells after thawing on the engraftment speed of cord blood cells in patients. 20 cord blood units were stored at -196°C for 1 - 10 years. The cell viability, content of total nucleated cell (TNC), CD34(+) cells and the colony forming units of granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) were assessed after thawing, the impact of cell recovery on engraftment speed in patients was analyzed. The results showed that as compared with data provided by Umbilical Cord Blood Bark, the different cryopreservation time had no effect on yield of cord blood stem cells after thawing. The cell viability was (92.75 ± 2.55)% after thawing, the yields of TNC, CD34(+) cells and CFU-GM were 89.9%, 84.8% and 84.3%, compared with that of pre-freezing, their differences were statistically significant (P = 0.000), however, loss of cells had no effect on the time of neutrophils and platelets engraftment. The TNC and CD34(+)cell count after thawing correlated closely with that of pre-freezing (r = 0.954 and r = 0.931, P = 0.000), but CFU-GM content poorly correlated with that (r = 0.285, P = 0.223). It is concluded that cryopreservation and thawing process can damage the cord blood stem cells, leading to cell loss, but not affect transplant results.
Cell Count ; Cell Survival ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Humans

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only way to cure myelodysplastic syndromes. At present there are several myelodysplastic syndromes scoring systems, including the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), WHO Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS) and Simplified MDS Risk Score. These score systems can not only predict the probability of transplant success, but also help to determine the time of transplantation. For the older patient with serious complication, a suitable conditioning regimen can lower the risk of treatment-related mortality. Complication management, individualized conditioning regimen, optimal timing of transplantation and donor selection should improve the curative effect of HSCT. However, post-transplantation relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remain to be solved and further investigations are needed. In this review the MDS scoring system, factors influencing HSCT efficacy, the selection of HSCT donors and timing, the preconditioning intensity before HSCT and evaluation of HSCT efficacy are summarized.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; surgery ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Adult ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Primary Myelofibrosis ; surgery ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods

The purpose of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by intra-bone marrow injection (IBM-HSCT) is to facilitate the homing of HSC. It has been recently proven in many animal experiments that different kinds of donor cells could efficiently home and engraft into the bone marrow by IBM-HSCT, which led to the rapid hemopoietic and immune recovery of recipients, preventing the development of GVHD, inducing the donor-specific tolerance in allogeneic organ transplantation, and promoting the survival rate of recipients. In this review, the effect of IBM-BMT and IBM-UCBT, the application of IBM injection technique in the study on HSC's biological characteristics, and its prospect for clinical HSCT were summarized.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Infusions, Intraosseous ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods

The purpose of this study was to estimate the possibilities of an acellular matrix using a modified acellularization protocol, which circumvents immunological, microbiological, and physiological barriers. We treated porcine subclavian arteries with various reagents to construct acellular grafts. Afterwards, these grafts were interposed in a mongrel dogs' abdominal aorta. Six dogs underwent interposition with fresh porcine grafts (control group), and seven had interposed acellular grafts (acellular group). The control and acellular group dogs were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5 (n=2 in each group) and 12 months (n=1 in acellular group) after the operation. Histopathological examinations were then performed, to assess the degree to which re-endothelialization, inflammation, thrombus formation, and calcification occurred. The entire acellular group, but none of the control group, exhibited re-endothelialization. The degrees to which inflammation, thrombosis, and calcification occurred were found to be lower in the acellular group. We also discovered many smooth muscle cells in the medial layer of the xenograft that had been implanted in the dog sacrificed 12 months after the operation. These results suggest that the construction of xenografts using our modified acellularization protocol may offer acceptable outcomes as a vascular xenograft.
Transplantation, Heterologous/*methods ; Tissue Engineering/*methods ; Swine ; Subclavian Artery/*cytology/*transplantation ; Graft Survival/*physiology ; Dogs ; Cell-Free System/*transplantation ; Animals

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of surgical technique and immunosuppressive regimen of abdominal wall vascularized composite allograft transplantation in animals and clinical practice. METHODS: The literature on abdominal wall transplantation at home and abroad in recent years was extensively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: This review includes animal and clinical studies. In animal studies, partial or total full-thickness abdominal wall transplantation models have been successfully established by researchers. Also, the use of thoracolumbar nerves has been described as an important method for functional reconstruction and prevention of long-term muscle atrophy in allogeneic abdominal wall transplantation. In clinical studies, researchers have utilized four revascularization techniques to perform abdominal wall transplantation, which has a high survival rate and a low incidence of complications. CONCLUSION Abdominal wall allotransplantation is a critical reconstructive option for the difficulty closure of complex abdominal wall defects. Realizing the recanalization of the nerve in transplanted abdominal wall to the recipient is very important for the functional recovery of the allograft. The developments of similar research are beneficial for the progress of abdominal wall allotransplantation.
Animals ; Abdominal Wall/surgery* ; Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation/methods* ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Skin Transplantation/methods* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation