Although deep learning plays an important role in cell nucleus segmentation, it still faces problems such as difficulty in extracting subtle features and blurring of nucleus edges in pathological diagnosis. Aiming at the above problems, a nuclear segmentation network combined with attention mechanism is proposed. The network uses UNet network as the basic structure and the depth separable residual (DSRC) module as the feature encoding to avoid losing the boundary information of the cell nucleus. The feature decoding uses the coordinate attention (CA) to enhance the long-range distance in the feature space and highlights the key information of the nuclear position. Finally, the semantics information fusion (SIF) module integrates the feature of deep and shallow layers to improve the segmentation effect. The experiments were performed on the 2018 data science bowl (DSB2018) dataset and the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) dataset. For the two datasets, the accuracy of the proposed method was 92.01% and 89.80%, the sensitivity was 90.09% and 91.10%, and the mean intersection over union was 89.01% and 89.12%, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively segment the subtle regions of the nucleus, improve the segmentation accuracy, and provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis.
Cell Nucleus/pathology* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods*

To determining the postmortem interval (PMI) through quantitative analysis of the DNA degradation of cell nucleus in human brain and spleen by using image analysis technique (IAT). The brain and spleen tissues from 32 cadavers with known PMI were collected, subjected to cell smear every 1 h within the first 5-36 h after death, stained by Feulgen-Van's staining, Three indices reflecting DNA in brain cells (astrocytes) and splenic lymphocytes, including integral optical density (IOD), average optical density (AOD), average gray (AG) were measured by employing the mage analysis instrument. The results showed that IOD and AOD declined and AG increased with the prolongation of dead time within 5-36 h. A correlation between the PMI and gray parameters (IOD, AOD and AG) was identified and the corresponding regression equation was obtained. The parameters (IOD, AOD and AG) were proved to be effective quantitative indicators for accurate estimation of PMI within 5-36 h after death.
Cell Nucleus/*pathology ; DNA Degradation, Necrotic ; Forensic Pathology ; Liver/*pathology ; Postmortem Changes ; Spleen/*pathology ; Time Factors

To analyze the nuclei in the glomeruli of human kidneys, the problem of miss extraction or wrong extraction of nuclei caused by the effects of many factors during making slice must be solved. Aiming at this question, this paper proposed a dynamic thresholding method using eigenvalue feedback strategy based on multicenter. First, according to the information of R channel in the RGB color space and the information of C channel in the CMYK color space, after the process of filtering by LOG, we can get the correct positions of nuclei. Second, adjusting the threshold value surface by eigenvalue feedback strategy, we can solve the problem of conglutination of different nuclei. Then by combining the position information of nuclei, we can realize the nuclei segmentation accurately. The experimental results have demonstrated the high precision of this method.
Biopsy, Needle ; Cell Nucleus ; pathology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Kidney Diseases ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology

No abstract available.
Aged ; Biliary Tract Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery ; Cell Nucleus/pathology ; Female ; Humans

To investigate the morphological changes of megakaryocytes with nuclear extrusion and nucleocytoplasmic separation, the morphological characteristics of megakaryocytes in peripheral blood films, bone marrow smears, and bone marrow biopsies from 4 newly diagnosed patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (M(2)) and erythroleukemia (M(6)) were studied by using light microscope. The results showed that many kinds of dysmegakaryocytes were observed in bone marrow smears of 4 cases, while in case A (PMF) and case D (M(6)) micromegakaryocytes were ripped apart; in case B (MDS) and case C (M(2)) megakaryocytes were accompanied by nuclear extrusion or nucleocytoplasmic separation, and their bodies were large or giant, the part of nucleus separated from their body and little cytoplasm remained as micromegakaryocytes. The nucleocytoplasmic separation could be displayed by immunocytochemistry stain. It is concluded that the phenomenon of nuclear extrusion and nucleocytoplasmic separation in megakaryocytes suggested the process that dispersed multinuclear releasing towards surround or even totally left the cell body during the megakaryocyte maturation. It also showed that the micromegakaryocytes may be the result of nucleocytoplasmic separation or splittings from multi-separated nucleus.
Aged ; Bone Marrow Cells ; pathology ; Cell Nucleus ; pathology ; Cytoplasm ; pathology ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Megakaryocytes ; pathology ; Middle Aged

Mitochondrial genome is responsible for multiple human diseases in a maternal inherited pattern, yet phenotypes of patients in a same pedigree frequently vary largely. Genes involving in epigenetic modification, RNA processing, and other biological pathways, rather than "threshold effect" and environmental factors, provide more specific explanation to the aberrant phenotype. Thus, the double hit theory, mutations both in mitochondrial DNA and modifying genes aggravating the symptom, throws new light on mitochondrial dysfunction processes. In addition, mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathway that leads to reconfiguration of cell metabolism to adapt defects in mitochondria may as well play an active role. Here we review selected examples of modifier genes and mitochondrial retrograde signaling in mitochondrial disorders, which refine our understanding and will guide the rational design of clinical therapies.
Animals ; Cell Nucleus ; genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; genetics ; pathology ; Mutation ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo establish a technology platform for the preparation of interphase nuclei for the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection of solid tumor tissues.

METHODSThe centromere probe of chromosome 3 was labeled by the random primer technique, and then hybridized to interphase nuclei prepared by six different methods in order to study the influence on FISH detection.

RESULTSEach method of slide preparation had its own characteristic, and could be used according to different needs. As regards to FISH, collagenase method got the best results. Whereas for frozen samples or small tissues, to prepare printing slides was more applicable.

CONCLUSIONThe comparison of different slide preparation methods lays a technology foundation for the FISH application in cancer researches and clinical diagnosis of solid tumors.

Animals ; Cell Fractionation ; methods ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Collagenases ; metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Interphase ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Forkhead Box Protein O3 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Muscular Atrophy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; deficiency ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/FOXO3a transcription factor signaling pathway inhibition on hypoxic-ischemic neuronal apoptosis in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).

METHODSSixty-four 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: hypoxia-ischemia (HI), sham-operated, JNK specific inhibitor AS601245-treated, and DMSO vehicle. Rats' cerebral cortexes were collected at 24 hours after HI. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of JNK, p-JNK, FOXO3a, nuclear and cytoplasmic FOXO3a, Bim, and CC3. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptotic cells.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operated group, p-JNK protein increased (P<0.01), nuclear protein of FOXO3a increased (P<0.01), cytoplasmic protein decreased (P<0.01), and pro-apoptotic proteins Bim and CC3 increased 24 hours after HI (P<0.01). Compared with the HI and DMSO vehicle groups, p-JNK protein was reduced (P<0.01), nuclear protein of FOXO3a was also reduced (P<0.01), cytoplasmic protein increased (P<0.01), and Bim and CC3 proteins decreased (P<0.01) in the AS601245-treated group 24 hours after HI. TUNEL positive cells were reduced in the AS601245-treated rats compared with the HI and DMSO vehicle groups 24 hours after HI (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSJNK activity increases in the neonatal rat brain with HI damage. JNK activity inhibition can inhibit FOXO3a translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus and downregulate the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bim and CC3, leading to the reduction of neuronal apoptosis.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Female ; Forkhead Box Protein O3 ; metabolism ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; pathology ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; physiology ; Male ; Neurons ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the intracellular localization of S100A4 in gastric carcinoma cells and the relationship between S100A4 expression status and lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

METHODSWestern blotting analysis was performed to locate the expression of S100A4 protein in sub-fraction components of frozen tissues. S100A4 protein expression was also determined by immunohistochemical method in 131 samples of gastric cancer and 20 samples of matched metastatic lymph nodes.

RESULTSThirty-two of 131 (24.4%) gastric carcinoma showed positive S100A4 nuclear expression and 50/131 (38.2%) carcinoma showed positive cytoplasmic expression. In 32 samples with positive S100A4 nuclear expression, 30 (93.8%) carcinomas had positive lymph node metastases. S100A4 nuclear expression level was higher in gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (29.1%) than that without lymph node metastasis (7.1%) (P=0.016).

CONCLUSIONNuclear expression of S100A4 is associated with lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4 ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology