No abstract available.
Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

No abstract available.
Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Nucleolus Organizer Region*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are one of markers of cellular proliferation. Because the NORs can be visualized by a silver staining technique, the NORs are called the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). The expression patterns of proliferative markers have been reported in the cholesteatoma, but the AgNORs have not been studied in the cholesteatoma. We investigated the proliferative activities of the cholesteatoma by the AgNORs and the usefulness of the AgNORs as a proliferative index in the cholesteatoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed 5 postauricular skin samples and 20 cholesteatoma specimens by the numbers of the total AgNORs and the large AgNORs (large AgNOR means a diameter of over 6 nm) in high power fields and each cell. And the total areas of the AgNORs in high power fields (HPF) were calculated. RESULTS: The numbers of the large AgNORs in HPF, the numbers of AgNORs in each cell and the total areas of the AgNORs in HPF of the cholesteatoma were higher than those of the controls (p<0.05). In the cholesteatoma, the numbers of the large AgNORs and the total areas of the AgNORs in HPF were the highest in the keratinizing squamous epithelium of thick portion followed by the non-keratinizing squamous epithelium, and the keratinizing epithelium of thin portion. The numbers of the large AgNORs in each cell of the basal and superficial layers were the highest in the thick keratinizing squamous epithelium. In the suprabasal layer, the non-keratinizing squamous epithelium showed higher numbers of the large AgNORs but showed no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: 1) The proliferative capacity of the epithelium of cholesteatoma is reactive proliferative status. 2) The proliferative activity is varied with the differentiation status of the squamous epithelium in the cholesteatoma.
Cell Proliferation ; Cholesteatoma* ; Epithelium* ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Silver Staining ; Skin

Paraffin-embedded surgical specimens from 27 human astrocytic tumors(7 astrocytomas, 10 anaplastic astrocytomas and 10 glioblastomas) were analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of p53 protein and proliferation markers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), Ki-67 and agyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). Approximately 33% of total cases were p53-protein positive. The p53-protein positive nuclei were revealed in 5 cases(50%) of glioblastomas, 4 cases(40%) of anaplastic astocytomas. None of the astrocytomas including 2 pilocytic tumors was p53-protein positive. There were no differences between histological types and p53-protein expression(p=0.0593), however, the more malignant histological features appear to be reflected by a greater incidence of p53 accumulation. In comparative evaluation of p53-protein expression and proliferation indices of PCNA, Ki-67 and AgNORs statistical analysis revealed significant correlation between p53 protein expression and Ki-67 labeling indices only(p=0.0177). p53-protein positive astrocytic tumors showed higher Ki-67 labeling index(10.8+/-6.9%) compared to p53-protein negative tumors(5.3+/-4.3%). In conclusion the malignant histological feature of astrocytic tumors may be associated with p53-protein expression, and among proliferation indices Ki-67 labeling index is correlated with p53-protein expression.
Astrocytoma ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nucleolus Organizer Region ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

A silver staining technique was used in the study of nucleolar organizer regions(AgNORs) from the paraffin sections of 26 meningiomas. The specimens were divided into four groups as follows:benign(n=16), atypical(n=5), anaplastic or malignant(n=5) and recurrent without atypical histological findings(n=2) groups, and the mean number of AgNORs in each group was 1.47+/-0.27, 1.93+/-0.4, 2.00+/-0.27 and 1.49+/-0.53 respectively. We noted that the mean number of AgNORs reflected the cellular kinetics of a tumor and was related to histological grade. There was no significant difference between non-recurrent & recurrent benign meningiomas and it was thought that the main cause of recurrence in benign meningiomas was not perhaps cell proliferation but incomplete surgical removal.
Cell Proliferation ; Kinetics ; Meningioma* ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Paraffin ; Prognosis* ; Recurrence ; Silver Staining

BACKGROUND: Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) have recently attracted much attention because of claims that their frequency within nuclei is significantly higher in malignant cells than in normal, reactive, or benign neoplastic cells. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to analyze a method allowing selection of the best morphometric criterion for quantifying AgNOR proteins under conventional observation conditions by light microscopy. METHOD: We tried to investigate the various parameters including NORs counting in cutaneous tumors using image analysis system. RESULTS: There were significant differences in mean nucleus area per a AgNOR, nucleus area between the benign and potentially malignant group. But the conventional counting of AgNORs is not able to differentiate between the two groups. We could discriminate squamous cell carcinoma from Bowen's disease using parameters of mean ratio of AgNORs area per nucleus area, mean ratio of greatest AgNORs area per nucleus area, coefficient of variation (C V) of nucleus area, and mean area of largest AgNORs. In squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma, C V of nucleus area has shown a significant difference. CONCLUSION: Study of AgNORs using image analysis system is a useful tool for the diagnosis of cutaneous tumors.
Bowen's Disease ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Keratoacanthoma ; Methods ; Microscopy ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Skin*

The expression of two cell proliferation indices, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen( PCNA), using the monoclonal antibody in the immunoperoxidase method, and the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), using silver nitrate staining technique, were assessed in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded material of transitional cell urinary bladder carcinomas. The aim of our study was to examine comparatively the expression of PCNA and the number of NORs in 37 transitional cell bladder carcinomas and to investigate how they correlate with tumor grade and the disease stage. It was noticed that the PCNA expression rate(%) related to grade was statistically significant only between grades II and III (p<0.05), while that between grades I and II was not statistically significant(p > 0.05). The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus between grades I and II and between grades II and III were statistically significant(p<0.05). As far as the correlation of PCNA expression rate(%) with the stage is concerned, PCNA expression rate (%) was higher in the invasive tumors(p<0.05) than in the superficial tumors and AgNOR Numbers was also greater in the invasive tumors(p <0.05). The linear correlation coefficient between PCNA expression rate (%) and AgNOR counts was 0.52(p <0.001) In conclusion, a considerable relationship was found between the histological grade and each of the two indices used. A good correlation was also demonstrated between each of PCNA expression rate(%) and AgNOR scores to the pathologic stage. Our results suggest that PCNA expressionrate( % ) and AgNOR scores may be prognostic induces in urinary bladder cancer.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cell Proliferation ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Paraffin ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Silver Staining ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

Studies on the correlation between proliferative activity of biopsied specimen and pathologic findings of resected specimen have been carried out to find the prognostic factors. To estimate the proliferative activity, 100 cases of biopsied specimen of gastric adenocarcinoma were tested for the PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and the AgNOR (argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region) by the immunohistochemical and histochemical stainings, respectively. The resected tumors classified by histologic type, differentiation, depth of invasion, and nodal metastatic status were followed by cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry. The PCNA LI (labelling index) were higher in well or moderately differentiated tumors (P<0.01) than the poorly differentiated ones and the aneuploid tumors (P<0.05) more than in diploid ones. However, there were no correlations among histologic types, depth of invasion, nodal metastatic status and PCNA LI. The AgNOR counts were higher in advanced tumor than in the EGC (early gastric cancer) (P<0.01). In cases with nodal metastasis, most of them showed the AgNOR counts higher than those without nodal metastasis. There were no correlations between the AgNOR counts and the DNA ploidy, histologic type, or differentiation. High PCNA LI and high AgNOR counts were shown in cases with advanced tumors (P=0.000) and nodal metastasis (P<0.05). No correlation was shown with the histologic type or differentiation. The results show that proliferative activity of the biopsied specimen of gastric adenocarcinoma is correlated with the differentiation and the invasion depth of resected specimen. Especially, better correlation is obtained by analyzing both the PCNA LI and the AgNOR counts than by analyzing each.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aneuploidy ; Cell Cycle ; Diploidy ; DNA ; Flow Cytometry ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nucleolus Organizer Region ; Ploidies ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Stomach Neoplasms

Cell cycle associated nuclear proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions(AgNORs) and the family of nuclear proteins identified by the Ki-67 epitope, have been primarily utilized for estimating of growth potential of neoplasms. Although PCNA and AgNORs staining are possible in the paraffin-embedded tissue, Ki-67 staining had been only possible on frozen sections. Recently monoclonal antibody MIB-1 is available, and reacts with the Ki-67 epitope in paraffin-embedded tissue. Twenty eight astrocytic tumors in paraffin-embedded, archival materials were stained by immunohistochemical technique for the MIB-1, PCNA, and by silver colloid stain for AgNORs. The MIB-1 labeling indicies(LI) ranged from 2 to 25%(10+/-7.58) for 10 glioblastomas; from 2 to 15%(7+/-3.74) for 11 anaplastic astrocytomas; and from 1 to 5%(3+/-1.91) for low grade astrocytomas. Glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas exhibited significantly higher MIB-1 LI than their benign counterparts(p<0.05). The AgNORs count per cell ranged from 1.3 to 3.1(1.96+/-0.57) for 10 glioblastomas: from 1.2 to 3.1(1.9+/-0.64) for 11 anaplastic astrocytomas: and from 0.8 to 1.5(1.2+/-0.26) for low grade astrocytomas. Glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas exhibited significantly higher AgNORs count than their benign counterparts(p<0.05). The PCNA LI ranged from 10 to 40%(24.5+/-10.39) for 10 glioblastomas; from 5 to 20%(11.6+/-5.24) for 11 anaplastic astrocytomas; and from 5 to 10%(7.1+/-2.67) for low grade astrocytomas. The differences of PCNA LI between glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas(p<0.01), and between glioblastomas and low grade astrocytomas(p<0. 001) were statistically significant. Linear regression analysis showed correlations between MIB-1 LI and AgNORs count(Spearmans r=0.4306, p<0.05), between PCNA LI and AgNORs count(Spearman's r=0.586, p<0.05) and between PCNA and MIB-1 LI(Spearman's r=0.4523, p<0.05). These findings suggest that LI of MIB-1, PCNA and AgNORs count are correlated each other, and can be used as helpful markers for differentiating astrocytic tumors in addition to conventional staining methods.
Astrocytoma ; Cell Cycle ; Colloids ; Frozen Sections ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Nuclear Proteins ; Nucleolus Organizer Region ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Silver