No abstract available.
Cell Lineage* ; Dendritic Cells*

No abstract available.
Cell Lineage* ; Dendritic Cells*

Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Plasticity

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Dendritic Cells ; Mice

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from various tissues have been well characterized for therapeutic application to clinical diseases. However, in contrast to MSCs from other animal species, the characteristics of feline MSCs have not been fully documented. In this study, we conducted extensive characterization of feline adipose tissue-derived MSCs (fAD-MSCs). Study fAD-MSCs were individually isolated from the intra-abdominal adipose tissues of six felines. The expression levels of cell surface markers and pluripotent markers were evaluated. Next, proliferation capacity was analyzed by performing cumulative population doubling level (CPDL) and doubling time (DT) calculation assays. Differentiation potentials of fAD-MSCs into mesodermal cell lineages were analyzed by examining specific staining and molecular markers. All fAD-MSCs positively expressed cell surface markers such as CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD166, and MHC-I, while CD14, CD34, CD45, and CD73 were negatively expressed. The CPDL of the fAD-MSCs was maintained until passage 5 to 6 (P5 to P6), whereas DT increased after P3 to P4. Also, stem cell-specific pluripotent markers (Oct3/4, Nanog, and SSEA-4) were detected. Importantly, all fAD-MSCs demonstrated mesodermal differentiation capacity. These results suggest that fully characterized fAD-MSCs could be beneficial when considering the use of these cells in feline disease research.
Animals ; Cat Diseases ; Cats ; Cell Lineage ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Mesoderm

Central to the core principle of cell theory, depicting cells' history, state and fate is a fundamental goal in modern biology. By leveraging clonal analysis and single-cell RNA-seq technologies, single-cell lineage tracing provides new opportunities to interrogate both cell states and lineage histories. During the past few years, many strategies to achieve lineage tracing at single-cell resolution have been developed, and three of them (integration barcodes, polylox barcodes, and CRISPR barcodes) are noteworthy as they are amenable in experimentally tractable systems. Although the above strategies have been demonstrated in animal development and stem cell research, much care and effort are still required to implement these methods. Here we review the development of single-cell lineage tracing, major characteristics of the cell barcoding strategies, applications, as well as technical considerations and limitations, providing a guide to choose or improve the single-cell barcoding lineage tracing.
Animals ; Cell Lineage/genetics* ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

Although Rap GTPases of the Ras family remained enigmatic for years, extensive studies in this decade have revealed diverse functions of Rap signaling in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion, and movement. With the use of gene-engineered mice, we have uncovered essential roles of endogenous Rap signaling in normal lymphocyte development of both T- and B-lineage cells. Deregulation of Rap signaling, on the other hand, results in the development of characteristic leukemia in manners highly dependent on the contexts of cell lineages. These results highlight crucial roles of Rap signaling in the physiology and pathology of lymphocyte development.
Animals ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases ; Hand ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Lymphocytes ; Mice

The aim of this study was to isolate, cultivate and phenotypically characterize two types of human amnio-tic membrane (HAM)-derived cells, and to analyze their differentiation potential in vitro. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC) were derived from the embryonic ectoderm, while human amnion mesenchymal cells (hAMC) were derived from the embryonic mesoderm. The cells were characterized by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, then immunofluorescence also was performed for the analysis of multipotentiality in differentiation. The results indicated that immunophenotypic characterization of both cell types demonstrated positive for HLA-A, B, C and mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD29, CD73, CD44, CD59, CD90, CD105, CD166), but did not express the hematopoietic markers (CD31, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR) and showed the weak expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, CD86). Phenotypes of both cell populations were maintained from passages 3 to 7. The immunofluorescence indicated that hAEC expressed cytokeratin 19, but did not express vimentin. On the contrary, hAMC expressed vimentin but did not express cytokeratin 19. The assessment of multilineage potential demonstrated that hAMC showed greater cardiomyocytes potential, while hAEC showed greater neural potential. It is concluded that hAEC and hAMC can be successfully isolated from the HAM. Both cell populations possess similar immunophenotype. However, they differ in cell yield and multipotential for differentiation into the major lineages, hAEC possess a much greater ectodermal differentiation capacity, while hAMC possess a much greater mesodermal differentiation capacity. This conclusion will be important for use of these cells in cell therapy.
Amnion ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Lineage ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Stromal Cells ; cytology

The purpose of this study was to investigate kinetics of the osteblast cell lineage in the periosteum and endosteum according to different distraction rates in callotasis of rats' Tibiae. 120 rats underwent osteotomy at the proximal metaphysio-diaphyseal junction of the left tibia for callotasis. Lengthening was started with varying distraction rates of 0.25 mm (group I), 0.5 mm (group II), 0.75 mm (group III), 1.0 mm (group IV) until 3.5 mm length gain was achieved. The animals that had osteotomy alone without lengthening served as a control(group V). Immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), osteocalcin and transglutaminase C(TGase C) were done on the four animals on each group sacrified at post-distraction 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 days in order to observe the temporal changes among the experimental and control groups. At each examination, radiographic and histological studies were also done in order to correlate the immunohistochemical findings. The results obtained are summarized as follow; 1. The staining rate of PCNA was highest at the early distraction(day 1) phase and subsequently decreased in all groups. The staining rate of the cells in the periosteum was significantly higher than that of the cells in the endosteum (p < 0.01). 2. The expression rates of osteocalcin in the periosteum of all groups were significantly higer than those in the endosteum (p < 0.01). 3. The expression rates of TGase C in the periosteum of all groups were significantly higer than those in the endosteum (p < 0.05). 4. Radiological and histological studies revealed that successful regenerate bone healing was achieved in groups, I, II and III but not complete in group IV. In conclusion, immunohistochemical study on callotasis of rats' tibiae revealed that the osteoblast cell lineage in the periosteum is more activated than that in the endosteum for proliferation and differentiation by distraction, suggesting that the periosteum plays a more important role in neo-osteo-genesis in the distraction gap. Daily distraction rate range of 0.25 mm to 0.75 mm in two increments is the appropriate for successful distraction osteogenisis of rat's tibia, but the rate of 0.25 mm a day is significantly better than that of 0.75 mm upon immunohistochemical observation.
Animals ; Cell Lineage ; Kinetics ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Osteotomy ; Periosteum ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Rats ; Tibia

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are capable of immunosuppression and differentiating into multiple cell lineages. MSC, which are accessed easily and less side-effects, have been a source of seed cells in tissue-engineering and cell-therapy. However, the application of MSC are limited by their differentiation of instability and easy aging. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is one of microRNA, which has powerful regulatory potential in a wide variety of immune cells through degrading specific mRNA after transcription and inhibiting translation of the target genes. Following the research of miR-155 deeply, it has an indispensable role in the proliferation, differentiation and immunoregulation of MSC. This review discusses the current understandings for the role of miR-155 in MSC.
Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism