The great progresses of molecular biology also contribute to find out basic multisided of disease formed cancer. The main marks of molecular tumor are: pregene tumor, gene tumor, gene-inhibition tumor, telemerase, and survivin, acid nucleic. Molecular tumor are based for some new therapy methods to cure cancer: gene therapy, immune therapy, prevent of tumor growing up and penetrate tumor cells
Molecular Biology ; Neoplasms ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal

Cell Biology ; trends ; China ; Humans ; Pathology ; trends

Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures that compose the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and that regulate chromosome integrity and cell proliferative lifespan. Stabilization of telomere length correlates with cell immortalization, and constitutive activation of telomerase is observed in most human cancers, suggesting that telomere maintenance plays an important role in malignant transformation and possibly aging. However, several lines of evidence indicate that alterations in telomere biology both suppress and facilitate malignant transformation. Moreover, recent observations indicate that telomerase expression plays important regulatory functions beyond the maintenance of telomere length in both normal and malignant cells. Understanding these additional functions of telomerase promise to provide further insight into both normal and malignant cell physiology.
Aging ; Biology ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Nucleoproteins ; Telomerase* ; Telomere

T cells play a central role in the initiation and regulation of the immune response to foreign antigens. Full activation of T cells requires the engagement of T cell receptor complex (TCR) and the binding of a second costimulatory receptor to its ligand expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC). Among the molecules known to provide costimulatory function, CD28 has been the most dominant and potent costimulatory molecule. However, the function of CD28 is becoming more complex due to the recent discovery of its structural homologue, CTLA-4 and ICOS. This review summarizes the biology and physiologic function of each of these receptors, and further focuses on the biochemical mechanism underlying the function of these receptors. Complete understanding of the CD28/CTLA-4/ICOS costimulatory pathway will provide the basis for developing new therapeutic approaches for immunological dieseases.
Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Biology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; T-Lymphocytes

Cell-free synthetic biology system can perform biological transcription and translation process in vitro. Because of its advanced features, such as flexible openness, easy control, short expression time and high tolerance to cytotoxicity, this systemhas been successfully used to synthesize proteins that are difficult to express in cells. With the continuous development of cell-free biosensing technology and the lyophilization technology, its applications have widely expanded into many biomedical fields. This review discusses the current research progress of cell-free synthetic biology system in on-demand biopharmaceutical synthesis, portable diagnostics, and others. Further development of the system can lead to even more complicated synthesis of therapeutic proteins with post-translational modifications and evolution of different cell-free biosensors with high sensitivity. Cell-free synthetic biology as an emerging engineering strategy can be a better means applied to high-throughput screening of pharmaceutical proteins, detection of new pathogens, and other important health-care fields in the future.
Biosensing Techniques ; Cell-Free System ; Industry ; Synthetic Biology

Tunneling nanotube (TNT) is a newly discovered communication mode between animal cells in recent years, which have important physiological and pathological significance. However, the role of TNT in bone biology is still unclear. At present, there are many reports about tunneling nanotubes in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclast precursor cells, osteoblasts and immune cells. This review describes the research advances of TNT and its research progress in bone biology. It looks forward to the research direction of TNT in oral and maxillofacial bone development and bone biology, to provide new strategies for the maintenance of bone homeostasis and the treatment of bone diseases.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Nanotubes ; Osteoclasts ; Biology ; Cell Communication/physiology*

Many advances have been made in understanding the molecular biology of brain tumors through progress in cell and developmental biology. The molecular characterization of rare genetic disorders and tumors shed light on several common tumorigenic mechanisms: mitogenic signaling, cell cycle control, development, and cell surface-cytoskeleton interactions. Discovery of many new molecular markers and the recent identification of brain tumor stem cells offer new directions in future research for tumor molecular diagnostics and therapies.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Developmental Biology ; Glioma ; Medulloblastoma ; Meningioma ; Molecular Biology* ; Pathology, Molecular ; Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: Despite the advent of molecular biology and immunogenetics, the biologic behaviors and disease entities of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas(pCBCL) have been undetermined. Moreover, rarity of pCBCL cases and the conflicting datas of current issues have contributed to the dilemmas in understanding of the biology of pCBCL. Until now, a study of the overall features of pCBCL in Korea has been rarely presented. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study in order to identify the histopathologic and immunogenetic characteristics of pCBCL in Korea. METHODS: The histopathologic, immunophenotypic and molecular analysis of preserved specimens of 15 cases with pCBCL were conducted. RESULTS: 1. Of the 15 patients with pCBCL, most common types are follicle center cell lymphomas(73.3%). In REAL classification, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is most common(66.6%). 2. In bcl-2 immunohistochemical staining, 3 cases(20%) were positive. 3. Only one of 15 cases of pCBCL denoted bcl-2 gene rearrangement by t(14;18) in minor cluster region. 4. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated overexpression of p53 protein in 3(20%) of 15 cases. 5. 2 cases(13.3%) with point mutations(one for exon 5; the other for exon 8) in p53 DNA sequencing analysis. CONCLUSION: t(14;18) translocation may be rare in pCBCL in Korea. This finding indicates that bcl-2 expression by tumor cells in pCBCL without t(14;18) may occur by different genetic dysregulation. It seems to be that overexpression of p53 protein might not correspond with p53 mutations in pCBCL.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Biology ; Classification ; Exons ; Genes, bcl-2 ; Humans ; Immunogenetics* ; Korea* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Molecular Biology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

BACKGROUND: S100A8 is differentially expressed in various cell types and is associated with a number of malignant disorders. S100A8 may affect tumor biology. However, its role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is not well established. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between S100A8 and cutaneous SCC development. METHODS: We performed immunohistochemical staining to detect S100A8 expression in facial skin specimens of premalignant actinic keratosis (AK), malignant SCC, and normal tissues. In addition, we utilized postconfluence and high calcium-induced differentiation in a culture system model. Furthermore, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing GFP-tagged S100A8 to investigate the role of S100A8 in SCC cell differentiation. RESULTS: S100A8 was significantly overexpressed in human cutaneous SCC compared to that in normal and AK tissues. S100A8 was gradually upregulated in SCC cells in a post-confluence-induced differentiation model. Overexpression of S100A8 in SCC cells induced by adenoviral transduction led to increased expression levels of differentiation markers, such as loricrin, involucrin, and filaggrin. S100A8 overexpression also increased loricrin and involucrin luciferase activity. CONCLUSION: S100A8 regulates cutaneous SCC differentiation and induces well-differentiated SCC formation in skin.
Adenoviridae ; Antigens, Differentiation ; Biology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Luciferases ; Skin

PURPOSE: Recent studies have shown that Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is overexpressed in some tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of increased DKK-1 in these tumors is not known. In this study, the DKK-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines was evaluated and the effect of DKK-1 overexpression in HCC cell lines was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of DKK-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines was evaluated by RT-PCR. Stable cell lines that overexpressed DKK-1 were established. Cell growth, adhesion, migration and invasion assays were performed. RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis showed that 5 out of 8 HCC cell lines expressed DKK-1. The forced expression of DKK-1 suppressed the growth of cells and increased the population of cells in the sub-G1 phase. In addition, DKK- 1 reduced the cellular adhesion capacity to collagen type I and fibronectin, and it increased migratory capacity. However, overexpression of DKK-1 did not increase the invasion capacity of the HCC cell line. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our data suggest that overexpression of DKK-1 affects the biology of HCC cells.
Apoptosis ; Biology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Collagen Type I ; Fibronectins