Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Thrombospondin 1 ; metabolism

Plexins and semaphorins are a large family of proteins that are involved in cell movement and response. The importance of plexins and semaphorins has been emphasized by their discovery in many organ systems including the nervous (Nkyimbeng-Takwi and Chapoval, 2011; McCormick and Leipzig, 2012; Yaron and Sprinzak, 2012), epithelial (Miao et al., 1999; Fujii et al., 2002), and immune systems (Takamatsu and Kumanogoh, 2012) as well as diverse cell processes including angiogenesis (Serini et al., 2009; Sakurai et al., 2012), embryogenesis (Perala et al., 2012), and cancer (Potiron et al., 2009; Micucci et al., 2010). Plexins and semaphorins are transmembrane proteins that share a conserved extracellular semaphorin domain (Hota and Buck, 2012). The plexins and semaphorins are divided into four and eight subfamilies respectively based on their structural homology. Semaphorins are relatively small proteins containing the extracellular semaphorin domain and short intracellular tails. Plexins contain the semaphorin domain and long intracellular tails (Hota and Buck, 2012). The majority of plexin and semaphorin research has focused on the nervous system, particularly the developing nervous system, where these proteins are found to mediate many common neuronal cell processes including cell movement, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and signal transduction (Choi et al., 2008; Takamatsu et al., 2010). Their roles in the immune system are the focus of this review.
Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; immunology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; Semaphorins ; immunology ; metabolism

Many studies indicate that lymphoid neoplasms are related with chromosome translocations and the molecular alterations involving in the cell cycle and/or apoptotic pathways. However, survival of B and T tumor cells also depends on interactions of these cells with the accompanying cells comprising the lymphoma microenvironment. Immune cells, stromal cells and numerous molecular together make up the microenvironment and have functional interaction with tumor cells, promoting tumor growth and drug resistance. Different types of lymphoma have various clinical courses, therapy responses and prognoses, which show a close relationship with the microenvironment. This review summarizes several components of lymphoma microenvironment including macrophages, adhesion molecules and chemokines and the roles of microenvironment in classic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, suggesting that the microenvironment influence the prognosis of lymphoma, targeting microenvironment may be a potential method in lymphoma therapy.
Apoptosis ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Cycle ; Chemokines ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Macrophages ; Tumor Microenvironment

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of acute hypoxia on the cell adhesion molecule close homologue of L1 (CHL1) expression in different brain areas and main organs (heart, lung, kidney) of mice, and provide a basis for the role of CHL1 in hypoxia injury.

METHODSMice were randomly divided into two groups (n=10): normoxia group and hypoxia group. Hypoxia group were treated by acute hypoxia (8% O2, 8 h). Protein expression changes in different tissues were evaluated by Western blot.

RESULTSIn central nervous system, CHL1 protein expressions were down-regulated in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and brain stem by acute hypoxia and up-regulated in cerebellum. In heart and lung, CHL1 protein expression were down-regulated by acute hypoxia.

CONCLUSIONCHL1 protein expressions were changed in different tissues after acute hypoxia, which suggested CHL1 might play an important role in hypoxia damage regulation.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of different CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressures on the expression of adhesion molecules of human gastric cancer cell line MNK-45.

METHODSMKN-45 cells in the experimental groups were exposed to simulated CO2 environment maintained at different pressures (1.2, 1.6, 2.0 kPa) for 4 hours. Control groups were exposed to room air. At the 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours after treatment, CD44v6, ICAM-1 and E-cadherin were detected by flow cytometry method.

RESULTSCD44v6 and ICAM-1 expressions showed pattern of firstly elevating, then descending to normal under the pressures of 1.2 kPa and 1.6 kPa. The expressions were different from control group significantly at 24 and 48 hours (P<0.01), while the 72 hours expression showed no difference compared with the controls (P>0.05). E-cadherin expression decreased significantly right after treatment compared to the control (P<0.01), but recovered to the level of control at 48 hours (P>0.05). In the 2.0 kPa group the expression changes of CD44v6, ICAM-1 and E-cadherin were more remarkable. CD44v6 and ICAM-1 expressions were increased significantly compared to control right after treatment (P<0.05). E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased even at 48 hours compared to the controls (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn vitro CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressures have transient influence on the adhesion molecules expression of gastric cancer cell MKN-45, then those expressions can recover in a short-time.

Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial ; Pressure ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo examine the expression of CEACAM-land CXCL-14 in the different stages of infantile hemangioma and to explore the role of CEACAM-1 and CXCL-14 in the occurrence and development of infantile hemangioma.

METHODSThe expression of CEACAM-1 and CXCL-14 was detected by immunohistochemical technique and Western Blot in cases of proliferating hemangiomas, involuting hemangiomas, involuted hemangiomas. The mean optical density was measured by image analysis system.

RESULTSThe expression of CEACAM-1 in early stage of proliferating hemangiomas was weak or negative, while it was strong in involuting hemangiomas and positive in the involuted stage. The differences between different stages had a statistically significance (P < 0.05). The expression of CXCL-14 was weak or negative in stage of proliferating hemangiomas, positive in involuting hemangiomas and strong in the involuted stage. The differences between different stages had a statistically significance (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCEACAM-1 and CXCL-14 are involved in the occurrence and development of infantile hemangioma.

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Chemokines, CXC ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of PF4 on the adherence of leukemic CD34+ KG1a cell to human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV-304 cell and on the expression of adhesive molecules.

METHODSAdhesion assay and adhesion blocking assay were respectively applied to measure the effect of PF4 and/or adhesion molecule monoclonal antibodies on the adhesion property of KG1a. The expressions of adhesion molecules were determined by RT-PCR and FACS analysis.

RESULTSThe adhesion of KG1a cells to ECV-304 was significantly enhanced in the presence of PF4. Such enhancement was also observed when KG1a or ECV-304 cells were separately treated with PF4 before interaction. The adhesion capacity of KG1a cells was reduced when cells were co-incubated with the blocking monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against CD49d, CD106, CD54, respectively. In contrast, MoAbs against CD62L, CD62P and CD62E had no such effect. During a period of 3 hours when KG1a or ECV-304 cells were respectively incubated with PF4, the mRNA expressions of CD49 d, CD54 were up-regulated. Furthermore, when KG1a or ECV-304 cells were incubated with PF4 for 2 hours, respectively, the percentages of CD49d+ KG1a cells and CD54+ ECV-304 were increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONPF4 can enhance KG1a cell adhesive capacity by increasing the expressions of adhesion molecules.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; immunology ; pathology ; Platelet Factor 4 ; pharmacology ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

Metastasis contributes to the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism through which a primary HCC cell develops into a metastatic phenotype is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between metadherin (MTDH)/astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) expression in HCC cell lines of different metastatic potentials and such metastatic phenotypes as orientation chemotaxis and adhesion. MTDH/AEG-1 expression was detected by RT-PCR and western blotting in HCC cell lines (HepG2, Huh7, Sk-HEP-1, MHCC-97H). Distribution of MTDH/AEG-1 was observed by immunofluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The abilities of orientation chemotaxis and adhesion and the index of interaction between HCC cell lines and microvascular endothelial cell lines (MVECs, including HUVECs and HPMECs) were measured by chemotaxis assay and adhesion assay, respectively. The results showed that MTDH/AEG-1 protein expression was significantly higher in high metastatic potential cancer cell lines (Sk-HEP-1, MHCC-97H) than in low metastatic potential cell lines (HepG2, Huh7) (P<0.05). The MTDH/AEG-1 protein was localized in the perinuclear region of HCC cells. Furthermore, the abilities of orientation chemotaxis and adhesion of HCC cells to HPMECs were increased as compared with those of HCC cells to HUVECs (P<0.05). The abilities of orientation chemotaxis and adhesion were much stronger in Sk-HEP-1 and MHCC-97H cells with MTDH/AEG-1 highly expressed than in HepG2 and Huh7 cells with MTDH/AEG-1 lowly expressed (P<0.05). These results suggested that the expression of MTDH/AEG-1 gene in HCC cell lines of different metastatic potentials was closely positively related to the abilities of orientation chemotaxis and adhesion of HCC cells. It was deduced that MTDH/AEG-1 might play a pivotal role in the lung-specific metastasis of HCC, which may be mediated through orientation chemotaxis and adhesion abilities of HCC cells. MTDH/AEG-1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; physiopathology ; secondary ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Polarity ; Chemotaxis ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans

Altitude ; Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; metabolism ; physiology ; Male ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thalidomide ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use