No abstract available.
Ceftazidime ; Endophthalmitis ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Vancomycin

In 44 out of 218 cases of contact lens related infectious keratitis from 19 hospitals throughout the country, contact lenses or contact lens storge cases were cultured. Microorganism was detected in 40 cases[90.9%]. Two or more organisms were isolated in 31 cases[77.5%]. Pseudomonas was the most common organism isolated from contact lens or contact lens storage medium[31 out of 84, 45.2%], followed by Serratia[15 out of 84, 17.9%], fungi [4], and acanthamoeba[4]. Acanthamoeba was found only in one hospital. Antibiotic sensitivity test for isolated pseudomonas showed that 96%of cases was sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 88%to ceftazidime.
Acanthamoeba ; Ceftazidime ; Ciprofloxacin ; Contact Lenses ; Fungi ; Keratitis* ; Pseudomonas

7-ACA(7-aminocephalosporanic acid) and ACT(aminocephalosporanic thiazine) are basic materials for development of 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporin. Occupational asthmas(OA) induced by these materials have been very rarely reported. We had experienced 2 cases of OA by them. One was 26 year-old male laboratorian involving 7ACA manufacturing directly. The other case was 40 year-old male asthmatics working at the ware house keeping 7ACA and ACT, not directly making these. The result of skin prick test with 55 common inhalant allergens and 7ACA, ACT and several cephalosporins including Cefazolin, Cefuroxime, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone and Cefotetan. First case revealed positive reactions to 7ACA and Ceftriaxone, but second case, only positive to ACT. In first case, bronchial challenge with 7ACA only showed positive, but in second, those with 7ACA and ACT both showed positive, though negative to 7ACA in skin test.
Adult ; Allergens ; Asthma, Occupational* ; Cefazolin ; Cefotaxime ; Cefotetan ; Ceftazidime ; Ceftriaxone ; Cefuroxime ; Cephalosporins ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; Skin Tests

PURPOSE: There has not been any reports of Ralstonia paucula causing any ophthalmologic disease. However, we have detected Ralstonia paucula in the lens washing agents of a corneal ulcer patient wearing contact lens. METHODS: A 26-years-old female patient was admitted to our hospital complaining of loss of visual acuity and hyperemia. Slit lamp biomicroscopy and smear culture was done to the anterior segment of the eye and the lens cleansing agent. The patient was treated with antibiotic eye drop and intravenous antibiotic medication. RESULTS: The results of both smear and culture showed the presence of Ralstonia pacula and responded well to antibiotics treatment with ceftazidime.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ceftazidime ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Detergents ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Ralstonia* ; Visual Acuity

Ceftazidime is a widely used third-generation cephalosporin. We report a case of ceftazidime-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus in a patient with renal failure. A 56-year-old man experienced the gradual development of altered mentation after a diabetic foot ulcer was treated with ceftazidime. Rhythmic sharply contoured triphasic waves were evident in all electroencephalography leads. The clinical and electrographical seizures ceased after introducing antiepileptic drugs and discontinuing ceftazidime. This case demonstrates that altered mentality and nonconvulsive status epilepticus can be caused by ceftazidime in patients with renal dysfunction.
Anticonvulsants ; Ceftazidime ; Diabetic Foot ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus* ; Ulcer

Ceftazidime is a widely used third-generation cephalosporin. We report a case of ceftazidime-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus in a patient with renal failure. A 56-year-old man experienced the gradual development of altered mentation after a diabetic foot ulcer was treated with ceftazidime. Rhythmic sharply contoured triphasic waves were evident in all electroencephalography leads. The clinical and electrographical seizures ceased after introducing antiepileptic drugs and discontinuing ceftazidime. This case demonstrates that altered mentality and nonconvulsive status epilepticus can be caused by ceftazidime in patients with renal dysfunction.
Anticonvulsants ; Ceftazidime ; Diabetic Foot ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus* ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli has been increased in Korea, but the testing and reporting ESBL-mediated resistance remains unclear. We undertook a study to evaluate the method to screen isolates of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli using cefpodoxime disk. METHODS: Fifty-eight strains of K. pneumoniae and 28 strains of E. coli were tested for production of ESBLs by the double disk synergy test. Susceptibility to cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and aztreonam was determined by disk diffusion method. RESULTS: All strains that produced ESBLs were resistant to cefpodoxime, whereas those that not produced ESBLs were susceptible (97%) to this agents. The disk diffusion test exhibited 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity when NCCLS conventional interpretive criteria were used. All other oxyimino- -lactam agents tested were inferior discriminators between the two groups of organisms. When NCCLS ESBL interpretive criteria were used, the disk diffusion test using cefpodoxime exhibited 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Routine disk diffusion susceptibility test with cefpodoxime disk (10g) can be used to detect strains of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli without include supplemental testing for ESBL production.
Aztreonam ; Cefotaxime ; Ceftazidime ; Diffusion ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Korea ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The inhibitory effects of the combination of beta-lactam with ciprofloxacin or amikacin against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated. METHODS: This study examined ten isolates with variable levels of resistance to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin. The efficacy of the combined antibiotics was studied using a checkerboard method or in vitro killing assay. RESULTS: The combination of ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, piperacillin-tazobactam, or meropenem with amikacin showed synergistic effects for all of the strains regardless of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amikacin, but combination with ciprofloxacin showed a synergistic effect for the isolate with a low MIC of ciprofloxacin by the checkerboard method. The isolates with a high MIC of ciprofloxacin showed an indifferent effect in combination with beta-lactam and ciprofloxacin. The in vitro killing assay showed that meropenem with ciprofloxacin acted synergistically for the isolates with a MIC of 16 microgram/mL of ciprofloxacin. However, amikacin showed synergistic effects with meropenem for the isolates with high-level resistance against amikacin, i.e., up to an MIC of 128 microgram/mL. Contrary to the checkerboard method results, no synergy was observed for the combination of ceftazidime/piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin. CONCLUSIONS: Meropenem with amikacin can be the first choice for infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa when the level of resistance is not known.
Amikacin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aztreonam ; Ceftazidime ; Cephalosporins ; Ciprofloxacin ; Homicide ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Thienamycins

BACKGROUND: Acinetobacter baumannii has been reported as a major cause of nosocomial infections with increasing frequency. Recently, the emergence of carbapenem-resistant strains has become a major problem in treatment. The use of nontraditional agents such as colistin and a combination therapy have been tried. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of antimicrobial combinations against multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii. METHODS: Twenty-nine strains of MDR A. baumannii, either resistant or intermediate to imipenem, were collected from February 2003 to February 2004. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the agar dilution method. The checkerboard method was used to assess the activity of ampicillin-sulbactam in combination with amikacin, tobramycin or meropenem and colistin in combination with ceftazidime, meropenem, or rifampin. RESULTS: The MIC90 of ceftazidime and cefepime were 2, 048 g/mL and 512 g/mL, respectively, while the MIC90 of colistin was 0.5 g/mL. The antimicrobial combinations that showed an additive effect for one or two strains were colistin with rifampin or ceftazidime and ampicillin-sulbactam with tobramycin or meropenem. Other antimicrobial combinations showed indifferent effects against most strains. There were no synergistic or antagonistic combinations. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that colistin may be an alternative drug for MDR A. baumannii. For the effective treatment of patients infected with these resistant strains, further studies are needed to evaluate antimicrobial combinations against a large number of heterogeneous isolates, and these studies must be followed by clinical trials.
Acinetobacter baumannii* ; Agar ; Amikacin ; Ceftazidime ; Colistin ; Cross Infection ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Rifampin ; Tobramycin

PURPOSE: We encountered two patients who developed Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis following trauma and eventually underwent enucleation, after aggressive antibiotic therapy. METHODS: When removing the intraocular foreign bodies, vancomycin and ceftazidime were injected intravitreally. The patients received postoperative topical fortified antibiotics hourly and underwent intravenous antibiotic therapy. RESULTS: After the operation, rapid corneal melting progressed to impending perforation in one patient's eye and enucleation was done on postoperative day 11. The eye of another patient progressed to phthisis bulbi and the patient underwent enucleation on postoperative day 45. CONCLUSIONS: Bacillus cereus is one of the most aggressive and devastating organisms that causes post-traumatic endophthalmitis and results in poor visual outcome. It is thought to be better to prevent the loss of anatomic integrity and visual function than to perform early intravitreal injection of antibiotics when the operation might be delayed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacillus cereus* ; Bacillus* ; Ceftazidime ; Endophthalmitis* ; Foreign Bodies ; Freezing ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Vancomycin