Arsenites ; toxicity ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; cytology ; Skin ; cytology ; Sodium Compounds ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo study pharmacokinetic effect of Aikeqing Granule (AG) by different medication ways on zidovudine (AZT) in highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) of rats.

METHODSTotally 36 rats were administered with corresponding medications by gastrogavage, group I [HAART: AZT 31.5 mg/kg +3TC 31.5 mg/kg + Efavirenz (EFV) 63.0 mg/kg], group II (HAART+AG525 mg/kg), group III (HAART and AG 525 mg/kg after a 2-h interval). Drug concentrations of AZT were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) before HAART, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h after HAART, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters [such as t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUCo-t, plasma clearance rate (CL)] were calculated by DAS2.0 Software.

RESULTSThe-equation of linear regression of AZT was good, with the precision, coefficient of recovery, and stability definitely confirmed. AUC in group II and III was larger than that of group I. There was no statistical difference in t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-12 h, or AUC0-∞ among groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAG combined HAART could enhance the Cmax of AZT.

Animals ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Benzoxazines ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rats ; Zidovudine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology

The research on the immunoregulatory effect of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in infectious diseases mainly focuses on chronic viral infection, but there are few studies on acute viral infection. In chronic viral infection, PD-1 is highly expressed on the surface of CD8T cells, which is a sign of CD8T cell depletion. Recent studies have shown that in chronic viral infection, PD-1 is also highly expressed on the surface of regulatory T cells and binds to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of exhausted CD8T cells, resulting in a stronger inhibitory effect on CD8T cell immunity. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway between exhausted CD8T cells and regulatory T cells can significantly reverse the depletion of CD8T cells and greatly improve the antiviral effect of CD8T cells. However, the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in acute viral infection remains unknown. This article summarizes the latest research on PD-1 in infectious diseases and discusses its role in acute and chronic viral infection.

Objective: To compare the predictive value of PSS, APACHEII, SAPSII and SOFA in the prognosis evaluation of acute poisoning. Methods: Clinical data (including PSS score, APACHEII score, SAPSII score and SOFA score, within 24 hours after admission) of 231 acute poisoning patients admitted to the emergency intensive care unit EICU of our hospital from January 2015 to October 2016 was retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the survival group and the dead group according to the 28-day clinical outcomes, comparing the differences of clinical data in each group. To analyze the correlation between PSS score, APACHEII score, SAPSII score and SOFA score in each group, comparing the value and the area under the ROC curve of four scoring systems and evaluate the predictive value of the four scoring systems. Results: Comparing with the survival group and the dead group, PSS score, APACHEII score, SAPSII score and SOFA score were significantly different (P<0.01) . PSS score, APACHEII score, SAPSII score and SOFA score were significantly positive correlation (P<0.01) , the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the four scoring systems were 0.833, 0.887, 0.843 and 0.843 respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of APACHEII score was higher than PSS score, SAPSII score and SOFA score, the difference was statistically significant (z=2.351, 2.317, 2.217; P=0.019, 0.021, 0.027) , there was no significant difference in the area (AUC) between the three scoring curves (P>0.05) . The cutoff value (cut-off) , sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of PSS score, APACHEII score, SAPSII score and SOFA score were (2.5, 93.1%, 50.9%, 61.5%) , (14.5, 82.8%, 75.7%, 77.48%) , (31.5, 77.6%, 76.90%, 77.08%) , (5.5, 77.60%, 74.60%, 75.35%) . Conclusion PSS score, APACHEII score, SAPSII score and SOFA score can evaluate the prognosis of patients with acute poisoning, but the APACHEII score is better than the other three scoring systems in evaluating the prognosis for its evaluation ability and accuracy rate.

The purpose of this article is to introduce the measurements of phase coupling between spikes and rhythmic oscillations of local field potentials (LFPs). Multi-channel in vivo recording techniques allow us to record ensemble neuronal activity and LFPs simultaneously from the same sites in the brain. Neuronal activity is generally characterized by temporal spike sequences, while LFPs contain oscillatory rhythms in different frequency ranges. Phase coupling analysis can reveal the temporal relationships between neuronal firing and LFP rhythms. As the first step, the instantaneous phase of LFP rhythms can be calculated using Hilbert transform, and then for each time-stamped spike occurred during an oscillatory epoch, we marked instantaneous phase of the LFP at that time stamp. Finally, the phase relationships between the neuronal firing and LFP rhythms were determined by examining the distribution of the firing phase. Phase-locked spikes are revealed by the non-random distribution of spike phase. Theta phase precession is a unique phase relationship between neuronal firing and LFPs, which is one of the basic features of hippocampal place cells. Place cells show rhythmic burst firing following theta oscillation within a place field. And phase precession refers to that rhythmic burst firing shifted in a systematic way during traversal of the field, moving progressively forward on each theta cycle. This relation between phase and position can be described by a linear model, and phase precession is commonly quantified with a circular-linear coefficient. Phase coupling analysis helps us to better understand the temporal information coding between neuronal firing and LFPs.
Action Potentials ; Hippocampus ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Periodicity

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of excision repair cross complementing gene 1 (ERCC1 )in colorectal carcinoma of stage Ⅱ and its clinical significance.Methods We collected 56 cases of stage Ⅱ postoperative colorectal carcinoma tissue and detected ERCC1 expression with immunofluorescence technique.Statistical analysis was made with SPSS13.0 software.Results ERCC1 expression was obviously lower in stage II postoperative colorectal carcinoma tissue than in normal tissue (P =0.01).In cancer tissue,ERCC1 expression in patients with relapse or metastasis was significantly lower than in those without (P =0.002);ERCC1 expression in patients with T3 was significantly higher than those with T4 (P = 0.044).ERCC1 expression had a positive correlation with the overall survival (OS)and disease-free survival (DFS)(both P =0.000).In the group of high ERCC1 expression patients,five-year OS rate and DFS rate between patients who had received oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not have no significant difference (P =0.351;P =0.465).In the group of low ERCC1 expression patients,five-year OS rate and DFS rate of patients who received oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly higher than those of patients who did not (P =0.015,P =0.02).ERCC1 (P =0.031 )and relapse or metastasis (P =0.009)were independent factors affecting OS;relapse or metastasis (P =0.000)was an independent factor affecting DFS.Conclusion ERCC1 is an independent factor affecting the OS of patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal carcinoma.Patients with low ERCC1 expression have poor prognosis,but they can benefit from oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer stem cells could promote the recurrence and drug resistance of bladder cancer. Numerous studies have shown that keratin 6B (KRT6B) is involved in the production and progression of tumors, and is closely related to the prognosis of tumors. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of keratin 6B in CD44+ bladder cancer stem cells and to show the influence of keratin 6B on proliferation, migration, and self-renewal of bladder cancer stem cells, and to further explore the effect of keratin 6B expression on the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. METHODS: (1) CD44+ 5637 bladder cancer stem cells were isolated by magnetic active cell sorting. Cancer stem cell-related gene expression of SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG was detected via real-time polymerase chain reaction. The spheroid formation assay was used to detect the ability of self-renewal of cancer stem cells in CD44+ cells. Keratin 6B expression was detected in CD44+ bladder cancer stem cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction. (2) The CD44+5637 bladder cancer stem cells were divided into two groups. In the keratin 6B siRNA group, keratin 6B small interfering RNA was transfected into CD44+ bladder cancer stem cells. Untransfected CD44+ bladder cancer stem cells were used as the black control group. Cells were collected at 2 days post-transfection. The proliferation, migration, and self-renewal capacity of keratin 6B siRNA CD44+ bladder cancer stem cells were detected by the colony and wound healing assay and spheroid formation respectively. (3) Totally 24 bladder cancer tissues were used by immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of CD44v6 and keratin 6B. (4) ONCOMINE database was used to analyze the effect of keratin 6B expression on the overall survival of bladder cancer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Cancer stem cell-related genes (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG) and keratin 6B expression was higher in CD44+ cells isolated by magnetic active cell sorting compared with CD44- cells (P < 0.05). Cell proliferation, migration, and in vitro spheroid formation were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Keratin 6B small interfering RNA down-regulated the expression of keratin 6B in CD44+ bladder cancer stem cells (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the blank control group, the proliferation and migration of CD44+ bladder cancer stem cells after transfection of keratin 6B small interfering RNA (P < 0.05), and the number of tumorsphere significantly diminished (P < 0.05); the expression of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA increased (P < 0.05). (3) Keratin 6B and CD44v6 were significantly different in bladder cancer tissue (P=0.006). The overall survival rate of bladder cancer patients with high expression of keratin 6B was lower than that of patients with low expression of keratin 6B. (4) The results showed that keratin 6B was highly expressed in CD44+ bladder cancer stem cells, and could promote the proliferation, migration, and self-renewal capacity of bladder cancer stem cells. The high expression of keratin 6B contributes to improving the survival of bladder cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of pepsin in vocal cord polyps and vocal cord cancer,and to compare the difference of pepsin expression.Methods From May 2020 to December 2021,27 patients with vocal cord polyp,27 patients with vocal cord cancer and 23 healthy volunteers were selected.RSI and RFS scoring scales were used for scoring,pepsin detection kit was used for saliva pepsin detection,and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of pepsin in vocal cord tissues of patients with vocal cord polyps and vocal cord cancer.Results The RSI score,RFS score and pepsin test kit results of vocal cord polyp group and vocal cord canc-er group were higher than those of non-vocal cord disease group,and the differences of the three indexes were statis-tically significant(P＜0.05).RSI score,pepsin detection kit results and pepsin immunohistochemistry results of vocal cord polyp group showed no significant difference compared with vocal cord cancer group(P＞0.05).The RFS score of vocal cord polyp group was significantly different from that of vocal cord cancer group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Pepsin may be an important pathogenic factor of vocal cord polyp and vocal cord cancer,and play an im-portant role in the occurrence of these two diseases.The difference of pepsin expression in vocal cord polyp and vo-cal cord cancer suggests that pepsin may have different pathogenesis.

Objective To predict the monthly reported echinococcosis cases in China with the autoregressive integrated mov-ing average(ARIMA)model,so as to provide a reference for prevention and control of echinococcosis. Methods SPSS 24.0 software was used to construct the ARIMA models based on the monthly reported echinococcosis cases of time series from 2007 to 2015 and 2007 to 2014,respectively,and the accuracies of the two ARIMA models were compared. Results The model based on the data of the monthly reported cases of echinococcosis in China from 2007 to 2015 was ARIMA(1,0,0)(1,1, 0)12,the relative error among reported cases and predicted cases was-13.97%,AR(1)=0.367(t=3.816,P<0.001),SAR (1)=-0.328(t=-3.361,P=0.001),and Ljung-Box Q=14.119(df=16,P=0.590).The model based on the data of the monthly reported cases of echinococcosis in China from 2007 to 2014 was ARIMA(1,0,0)(1,0,1)12,the relative error among reported cases and predicted cases was 0.56%,AR(1)=0.413(t=4.244,P<0.001),SAR(1)=0.809(t=9.584, P<0.001),SMA(1)=0.356(t=2.278,P=0.025),and Ljung-Box Q=18.924(df=15,P=0.217).Conclusions The different time series may have different ARIMA models as for the same infectious diseases.It is needed to be further verified that the more data are accumulated,the shorter time of predication is,and the smaller the average of the relative error is.The estab-lishment and prediction of an ARIMA model is a dynamic process that needs to be adjusted and optimized continuously accord-ing to the accumulated data,meantime,we should give full consideration to the intensity of the work related to infectious diseas-es reported(such as disease census and special investigation).

BACKGROUND: China and the United States (US) ranked first and third in terms of new liver cancer cases and deaths globally in 2020. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of trends in the incidence of primary liver cancer with four major etiological factors between China and the US during the past 30 years with age-period-cohort (APC) analyses is warranted. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019, and period/cohort relative risks were estimated by APC modeling from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS: In 2019, there were 211,000 new liver cancer cases in China and 28,000 in the US, accounting for 39.4% and 5.2% of global liver cancer cases, respectively. For China, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) consecutively decreased before 2005 but increased slightly since then, whereas the ASIR continuously increased in the US. Among the four etiological factors of liver cancer, the fastest reduction in incidence was observed in hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer among Chinese women, and the fastest increase was in nonalcoholic steatosis hepatitis (NASH)-related liver cancer among American men. The greatest reduction in the incidence of liver cancer was observed at the age of 53 years in Chinese men (-5.2%/year) and 33 years in Chinese women (-6.6%/year), while it peaked at 58 years old in both American men and women (4.5%/year vs . 2.8%/year). Furthermore, the period risks of alcohol- and NASH-related liver cancer among Chinese men have been elevated since 2013. Simultaneously, leveled- off period risks were observed in hepatitis C viral-related liver cancer in both American men and women. CONCLUSIONS Currently, both viral and lifestyle factors have been and will continue to play an important role in the time trends of liver cancer in both countries. More tailored and efficient preventive strategies should be designed to target both viral and lifestyle factors to prevent and control liver cancer.
Male ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Incidence ; Global Burden of Disease ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications* ; Cohort Studies ; Liver Neoplasms/etiology* ; China/epidemiology*