Thirty seven cases of bursitis presented to our Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 2001 to 2005. There were 10 adult female buffalos with olecranon bursitis (one had bilateral bursitis) and 26 calves (7 cattle and 19 buffalos, 16 males and 10 females) with presternal bursitis. There were 10 out of 11 cases of olecranon bursitis and 21 out of 26 cases of presternal bursitis with different forms (cystic, proliferative and fibrous) that were removed surgically. The remaining 6 cases, cystic bursitis (olecranon = 1, presternal = 5), were treated by aspiration of their contents and injection of 4% iodine tincture intrabursally. Only 2 cases recovered, 3 cases progressed to fibrosis and required further surgical treatment 2 to 3 weeks later, and 1 case continued to have a cystic lesion. Histopathological examination of tissue specimens from different forms of bursitis revealed that the acquired bursae were generally lined with synovial-like membrane formed from 2-3 cellular layers that covered the connective tissue capsule. The connective tissue capsule differed from one type to another and consisted of fibrous tissues containing numerous small blood vessels, blood capillaries, lymphatics and nerves. There was also evidence for inflammation within the capsule represented by congestion of blood vessels and the presence of perivascular inflammatory cells, mostly mononuclear. In conclusion, surgical treatment was successful and effective for treatment of olecranon and presternal bursitis particularly for the chronic proliferative and fibrous form in cattle and buffalo. The histological structure of the acquired bursae was relatively similar consisting of a synovial-like membrane and a connective tissue capsule with varying degrees of the inflammatory process.
Animals ; Buffaloes/*surgery ; Bursitis/pathology/surgery/*veterinary ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*pathology/surgery ; Female ; Histocytochemistry/veterinary ; Male

Aims of surgery of left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) are to return the abomasum to its original position and create a permanent attachment in the position to prevent recurrence. Left paramedian abomasopexy was performed on six Holstein cows with LDA because normal position of the fundus of the abomasum is located in the left of the midline and the displacement initially only involves the fundus of the abomasum. All cows were recovered without recurrence of LDA. It is considered that the left paramedian abomasopexy could be a major alternative as a surgical treatment of LDA.
Abomasum/abnormalities/*pathology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*pathology ; Stomach Diseases/pathology/surgery/*veterinary

Umbilical hernias in calves commonly present to veterinary clinics, which are normally secondary to failure of the normal closure of the umbilical ring, and which result in the protrusion of abdominal contents into the overlying subcutis. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of commonly-used herniorrhaphies for the treatment of reducible umbilical hernia in calves. Thirty-four clinical cases presenting to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh from July 2004 to July 2007 were subjected to comprehensive study including history, classification of hernias, size of the hernial rings, presence of adhesion with the hernial sacs, postoperative care and follow-up. They were reducible, non-painful and had no evidence of infection present on palpation. The results revealed a gender influence, with the incidence of umbilical hernia being higher in female calves than in males. Out of the 34 clinical cases, 14 were treated by open method of herniorrhaphy and 20 were treated by closed method. Complications of hernia were higher (21%) in open method-treated cases than in closed method-treated cases (5%). Hernia recurred in three calves treated with open herniorrhaphy within 2 weeks of the procedure, with swelling in situ and muscular weakness at the site of operation. Shorter operation time and excellent healing rate (80%) were found in calves treated with closed herniorrhaphy. These findings suggest that the closed herniorrhaphy is better than the commonly-used open method for the correction of reducible umbilical hernia in calves.
Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*surgery ; Female ; Hernia, Umbilical/complications/surgery/*veterinary ; Male ; Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects/*veterinary

A not pregnant 4-year-old Jersey cow was presented with the sudden appearance of respiratory noise, nasal discharge and moderate respiratory difficulty. Upon physical examination a snoring-like noise, extended head and neck position, exaggerated abdominal effort, bilateral nasal discharge and left prescapular lymph node enlargement were noted. Sub-occlusion of the initial portion of the respiratory tract was suspected. Radiographic and endoscopic examinations revealed a pedunculate mass on the dorsal aspect of the rhinopharynx, which was removed with endoscopically assisted electrosurgery. Histologic examination revealed a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation with eosinophilic club-like bodies surrounding small colonies of rod-shaped bacteria. Results of histochemical staining were consistent with Actinobacillus-like bacteria and a diagnosis of respiratory actinobacillosis was reached. Surgery and antibiotic therapy were resolutive, as demonstated by an endoscopic check at the second month after surgery, even without the association of the traditional iodine cure, which is regarded as the treatment of choice for actinobacillosis.
Actinobacillosis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology/surgery ; Actinobacillus/physiology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; Female ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/pathology/surgery/*veterinary ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We experimented with different ablation methods and two types of microwave antennas to determine whether microwave ablation (MWA) increases intrahepatic pressure and to identify an MWA protocol that avoids increasing intrahepatic pressure. METHODS: MWA was performed using either a single-step standard ablation or a stepwise increment ablation paired with either a 16-gauge (G) 2-cm antenna or a 14G 4-cm antenna. We compared the maximum pressures and total ablation volumes. RESULTS: The mean maximum intrahepatic pressures and ablation volumes were as follows: 16G single-step: 37+/-33.4 mm Hg and 4.63 cm3; 16G multistep: 31+/-18.7 mm Hg and 3.75 cm3; 14G single-step: 114+/-45.4 mm Hg and 15.33 cm3; and 14G multistep: 106+/-43.8 mm Hg and 10.98 cm3. The intrahepatic pressure rose during MWA, but there were no statistically significant differences between the single and multistep methods when the same gauge antennae were used. The total ablation volume was different only in the 14G groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated an increase in intrahepatic pressure during MWA. The multistep method may be used to prevent increased intrahepatic pressure after applying the proper power.
Ablation Techniques/instrumentation/*methods ; Animals ; Cattle ; Liver/*physiology/surgery ; Medical Illustration ; *Microwaves ; Models, Animal ; *Pressure

OBJECTIVE: To compare the in-vitro efficiency of dual-switching monopolar (DSM) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using a separable clustered electrode (Octopus(R) electrodes) with consecutive monopolar (CM) and switching monopolar (SM) RFA techniques to create an ablative zone in the explanted bovine liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For DSM-RFA, we used a prototype, three-channel, dual generator RFA Unit and Octopus(R) electrodes with three, 17 gauge internally cooled electrodes. The RFA Unit allowed simultaneous radiofrequency (RF) energy delivery to two electrodes of the Octopus(R) electrodes as well as automatic switching among the three electrode pairs according to the impedance changes. RF energy was sequentially applied to one of the three electrodes for 24 minutes (group A; CM mode, n = 10) or alternatively applied for 12 minutes (group B; SM mode, n = 10) or concurrently applied to a pair of electrodes for 12 minutes (group C; DSM mode, n = 10) in explanted bovine livers. Changes in the impedance and current during RFA as well as the dimensions of the thermal ablative zones were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: The mean, delivered RF energy amounts in groups A, B, and C were 63.15 +/- 8.6 kJ, 72.13 +/- 5.4 kJ, and 106.08 +/- 13.4 kJ, respectively (p < 0.001). The DSM mode created a significantly larger ablation volume than did the other modes, i.e., 68.1 +/- 10.2 cm3 (group A), 92.0 +/- 19.9 cm3 (group B), and 115.1 +/- 14.0 cm3 (group C) (p < 0.001). The circularity in groups A, B, and C were 0.84 +/- 0.06, 0.87 +/- 0.04 and 0.90 +/- 0.03, respectively (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: DSM-RFA using Octopus(R) electrodes can help create large ablative zones within a relatively short time.
Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Catheter Ablation/*instrumentation/methods ; Cattle ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Equipment Design ; Liver/*surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of bovine pericardium used as a material for guiding bone regeneration.

METHODS1 cm x 1 cm x 0.5 cm defects were created on both buccal sides of the mandibles of 11 dogs. One side was covered with Glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking bovine pericardium; no membrane covered side was used as control. The animals were sacrificed in 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 16 weeks after operation to observe the repair of the bone defects.

RESULTS(1) Wounds healed well in 10 dogs. Meanwhile, wounds in dogs of 16 weeks group healed badly and severe inflammatory response was found in bovine pericardium treated area. (2) The pericardium can be maintained in vivo for 16 weeks without absorption, there were only mild inflammatory cells invading. (3) The bone defects covered with bovine pericardium repaired better than control groups significantly.

CONCLUSION(1) GA bovine pericardium have the effect on guiding bone regeneration in the repair of dog experimental bone defects and it is possible that the bovine pericardium will be used as a new kind of GBR material; (2) GA bovine pericardium has good biocompatibility.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Regeneration ; physiology ; Cattle ; Dogs ; Feasibility Studies ; Male ; Mandibular Injuries ; surgery ; Pericardium ; physiology

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ablation characteristics of the moving-shot technique (MST) and the fixed electrode technique (FET) for radiofrequency (RF) ablation in an ex-vivo bovine liver tissue model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed RF ablation using FET in 110 bovine liver blocks using 11 different ablation times ranging from 5 seconds to 5 minutes (10 blocks per each time duration). Ten bovine liver blocks at each ablation time of 1- or 2-minute, were ablated with MST, which treated conceptual ablation units by moving the electrode tip. We evaluated the ablation volume obtained with FET across ablation time lengths. The results of FET and MST performed with the same ablation time lengths, i.e., 1- and 2-minute ablation time were also compared. RESULTS: The ablation volume achieved with FET gradually increased with increasing ablation time; however, the pair-wise statistical comparison between 2 neighboring ablation time lengths was not significant after 30 seconds. MST with either 1- or 2-minute ablation time achieved larger ablation volumes (1.1 +/- 0.2 mL vs. 2.7 +/- 0.3 mL, p < 0.001; and 1.4 +/- 0.2 mL vs. 5.6 +/- 0.4 mL, p < 0.001, respectively), longer true RF times (46.7 +/- 4.6 seconds vs. 60 seconds, p < 0.001; and 64.8 +/- 4.6 seconds vs. 120 seconds, p < 0.001, respectively), fewer numbers of RF cut-offs (1.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 0, p < 0.001; and 5.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 0, p < 0.001, respectively), and greater energy deposition (2050.16 +/- 209.2 J vs. 2677.76 +/- 83.68 J, p < 0.001; and 2970.64 +/- 376.56 J vs. 5564.72 +/- 5439.2 J, p < 0.001, respectively), than FET. CONCLUSION: The MST can achieve a larger ablation volume by preventing RF cut-off, compared with the FET in an ex-vivo bovine liver model.
Animals ; Catheter Ablation/*standards ; Cattle ; Electrodes ; Equipment Design ; In Vitro Techniques ; Liver/*surgery ; Models, Biological ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo evaluate biomechanical characteristics of a new U-shaped lumbar bioelastic internal fixation deuice (UBD).

METHODSSix fresh calf lumbar (L2-L5) samples were divided into 4 groups, namely the normal group, traumatic instability group, instability group with rigid internal fixation and instability group with UBD fixation. The vertebral 3-dimensional range of motion (ROM) and rigidity of the 4 group were tested.

RESULTSElastic fixation and rigid fixation both significantly increased vertebral segment stability for flexion, extension, lateral curvature and rotations. Compared with rigid fixation, elastic fixation obviously increased the ROM by 2.22 degrees in flexion and extension, but significantly decreased the rigidity in forward bending and backward bending and compression (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe UBD may enhance the load sharing and decrease stress-shielding and stress concentration without sacrificing lumbar stability.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cattle ; Internal Fixators ; Joint Instability ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; instrumentation ; methods ; Stress, Mechanical

BACKGROUNDPosterior pedicle screw device is widely used in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures. As the clinical operation is not based upon quantitative data of adjustments, the results are not optimal. At present, no study has assessed the associations between the device adjustments and the restoration of stiffness. We investigated the biomechanical effects that adjustments of a pedicle screw device had on the burst fracture, and explored an optimal adjustment.

METHODSBurst fractures were produced at L1 vertebra in 24 fresh calf spines (T12-L3). The specimens were divided into four groups at random. Pedicle screw devices were attached to T13 and L2. Four device adjustments, consisting of distraction and extension, were applied. Adjustment 1 was pure 6° extension, adjustment 2 was pure 5 mm distraction, adjustment 3 was 6° extension followed by 5 mm distraction, and adjustment 4 was 5 mm distraction followed by 6° extension. The effect of each adjustment on the stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression for the burst fractures was analyzed and evaluated.

RESULTSPure extension (Group 1) produced the closest segment height and the least restoration of the canal to the intact. Pure distraction (Group 2) restored stiffness most, but with only 60% stiffness of the intact value, and lost the segmental angle most to the intact. The combination of extension-distraction (Group 3 and Group 4) produced the maximum reduction of the anatomy and restoration of the canal in the burst fracture, and the least stiffness restoration. The sequence of extension and distraction did not affect stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression.

CONCLUSIONSThe device adjustments affected stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression. The combined extension-distraction adjustment may be the most suitable considering the anatomical reduction and neural decompression, but the stiffness decreased the most; it should be considered to reconstruct L1 vertebra.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cattle ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Spinal Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery