PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic significances of p53 and cathepsin D in the prostatic carcinoma, we compared them to other prognostic factors, such as nuclear grade and clinical stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material consisted of 40 paraffin-embedded, primary prostate carcinomas. We examined the expression of p53 and cathepsin D using immunohistochemical staining and compared their expression with the grade and stage. RESULTS: The expressions of p53 were noted in the nucleus of tumor cells and cathepsin D were noted in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Thirteen of 40 tumors were positive for p53. There were more expressing p53 in samples (40%) from prostatic cancer with a high Gleason score group than in samples (28%) from prostatic cancer with low Gleason score group. The expression of p53 was 22% in clinical stage B and C groups and 35% in clinical stage D group. These results showed that p53 expression was not statistically correlated with Gleason score and clinical stage, but there were trends to increased p53 expression with high Gleason score and progressed clinical stage (p>0.05). Progressed clinical stage group showed higher expression of cathepsin D than early clinical stage group. However, there were no statistical correlations between expression of cathepsin D and Gleason score, and clinical stage (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the overexpression of p53 and cathepsin D may be associated with tumor differentiation and clinical stage, but have limited prognostic value in prostatic carcinoma.
Cathepsin D* ; Cathepsins* ; Cytoplasm ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Cathepsin K ; Cathepsins ; Models, Animal ; Osteoporosis

Anticancer drugs kill tumor cells and increase host anti-tumor immunity. Interestingly, gemcitabin (Gem) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), widely used anticancer drugs, lead to IL-1beta secretion releasing cathepsin B which activates Nlrp3 inflammasome in myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSC derived IL-1beta enhance secretion of IL-17 by CD4+ T cells. This mechanism limits the antitumor efficacy of the drugs and promotes tumor growth.
Cathepsin B ; Cathepsins ; Fluorouracil ; Interleukin-17 ; T-Lymphocytes

Twenty six cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate, ranging from 4 to 9 according to Gleason's summing score, were studied. Immunoreactivity was evaluated using the rabbit polyclonal anti-Cathepsin D antibody (CD), a mouse monoclonal MMP-2 antibody (MMP-2), and a tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostatic tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was scored by summing the intensity of staining (0 to 3+) weighted by the percentage of tumor staining at each intensity (H score, theoretical range 0 to 300). For CD, the tumor cells showed diffuse cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in all 26 cases (100%). For MMP-2 the tumor cells showed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in 17 of 26 cases (65.38%). As the Gleason grade increased the expression of CD increased (P=0.0027). The reactivity of CD was significantly correlated with the Gleason's score (R=0.65637), but, the reactivity of MMP-2 was not correlated. There were no significant correlations between each of the CD and the MMP-2 scores, and stage. TIMP expression was predominantly localized in the stroma rather than in the cancer cells themselves. We believe that 1) CD and MMP-2, both immunohistochemically detectable in a majority of prostate adenocarcinoma, may play a role in determination of the invasive or metastatic property, 2) the enhanced TIMP expression in the stroma may be associated with the response to cancer invasion.
Adenocarcinoma ; Animals ; Cathepsin D* ; Cathepsins* ; Cytoplasm ; Mice ; Prostate*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Cathepsin K ; Cathepsins ; Models, Animal ; Osteoporosis

No abstract available.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Cathepsin K ; Cathepsins ; Models, Animal ; Osteoporosis

No abstract available.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Cathepsin K ; Cathepsins ; Models, Animal ; Osteoporosis

No abstract available.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Cathepsin K ; Cathepsins ; Models, Animal ; Osteoporosis

Silkworm is a holometabolous insect of Lepidoptera. During metamorphosis, significant morphological changes happen including the dissociation of old tissues and remodeling of new tissues. It has been reported that cathepsins are involved in these processes. Cathepsin is a kind of intracellular proteinase that exists in many species. It includes some subfamilies like cathepsin B, H and L. The studies on cathepsin are useful for clarifying the details of silkworm metamorphosis process. In total, 13 cathepsins were identified by screening the silkworm genome database. The basic information and the expression patterns about these genes were analyzed. Interestingly, an ovary-specific cathepsin L gene (Gene ID: BGIBMGAOO4622) was investigated by the data of silkworm microarray and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The full-length cDNA is 1,209 bp, encoding a protein with 402 amino acids. Sequences alignment revealed that it has a high sequence similarity with cathepsin L of other species, and it is highly conserved in the active-site of the enzyme. The phylogenetic analysis showed that ovary-specific cathepsin L is clustered with other lepidopterous insects. Furthermore, this gene was cloned and prokaryotic expressed. Recombinant protein was present in inclusion body. Importantly, the qPCR result showed that the expression level of this gene is increasing during the early stage of pupal development and reaches the highest value at the 3rd day of pupal stage, which suggests that this gene may be involved in the process of development of the ovary and oocyte.
Animals ; Bombyx ; genetics ; Cathepsins ; genetics ; Insect Proteins ; genetics ; Phylogeny

Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease which is closely related to autoimmune diseases,psoriasis and other diseases. In this study,we used virtual screening method to screen compounds,which from the natural product library of traditional Chinese medicine,with potential inhibitory effect on cathepsin S. The work involved in study on inhibitory mechanism of representative compounds,then analysis of the distribution of these compounds in traditional Chinese medicine and the correlation with disease,so as to provide a new drug research and data-base for cathepsin S. The complex crystal structure of cathepsin S,2FQ9,was used to establish the pharmacophore model of cathepsin S inhibitor,and the best pharmacophore model was selected. As a result,fifty compounds were selected from TCMD database. After molecular docking,65 potential inhibitors were identified. Potential inhibitors can produce multiple intermolecular interactions with targets,resulting in inhibition. There are 58 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines which include 65 natural inhibitors. Data collection and analysis of the nature,flavor xing,channel entry and modern pharmacological effects of these traditional Chinese medicines showed that most of them were related to the biological activity of cathepsin S,which supported the validity of the screening results. Cathepsin S has a certain correlation with autoimmune diseases and can be used as a target for further study of traditional Chinese medicine.
Cathepsins ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Docking Simulation