There are many reports about causes of corrosive agents such as acids and alkaline and occasionally hot food in either liquid or solid forms as causes of upper gastrointestinal mucosal injury. However, there have been no reports on bowel preparation solutions as a cause of upper gastrointestinal injury. We describe a case of bowel preparation solution (PICOLIGHT powder) induced thermal injury of the gastric mucosa with a review of the literature.
Cathartics ; Gastric Mucosa*

Cathartics ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Rheum ; chemistry

Taiki is a kind of fundamental vital energy filling the upper aspect of the body, and it can fall because of stress, heavy labor, diarrhea, excessive intake of drugs for regulating the flow of vital energy, or extreme deficiency in vital energy.We report the case of a 39 year old female patient who complained of dyspnea, psychic enervation, and other symptoms of falling taiki from the upper aspect of the body, caused by taking a cathartic drug (mashiningan) for constipation, while being treated for agitation and emotional incontinence. Shokanto improved this state of falling taiki from the upper aspect of the body.
Energy, Physics ; Vital ; Cathartics ; g <3> ; Due to

No abstract available.
*Ascorbic Acid ; Cathartics ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; *Polyethylene Glycols

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There are no established guidelines for bowel preparation formulation for bowel cleansing, nor is there an optimal method of dealing with inadequate bowel cleansing. This study investigated bowel preparation formulation preferences and responses to bowel preparation situations using surveys. METHODS: The study surveyed 221 Korean lower gastrointestinal endoscopists from January to March 2015 and assessed their responses. RESULTS: The analysis indicated that 2-L polyethylene glycol (PEG) plus ascorbic acid (Asc) was the preferred method (76.5%) and most responders expressed satisfaction with the formulation in both potency and safety. To address poor bowel preparation on the day of colonoscopy, the majority of physicians chose to order ingestion of additional preparations and proceed with the colonoscopy as scheduled (56.6%). In addition, concerns about renal safety and electrolyte stability were raised regarding oral sodium phosphate. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that 2-L PEG+Asc was preferred for potency and safety, and that Korean endoscopists preferred to proceed with colonoscopy in poor bowel preparation situations rather than choose an alternate diagnostic modality.
Ascorbic Acid ; Cathartics ; Colonoscopy ; Eating ; Methods ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sodium

For improved examination of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE), bowel preparation is an essential issue. Multiple factors like air bubbles, food material in the small bowel, and gastric and small bowel transit time affect the small bowel visualization quality (SBVQ), diagnostic yield (DY) and cecal completion rate (CR). Bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution enhances SBVQ and DY, but it has no effect on CR. Bowel preparation with PEG solution 2 L is similar to PEG 4 L in SBVQ, DY, and CR. Bowel preparation with fasting or PEG solution combined with anti-foaming agents like simethicone enhance SBVQ, but it has no effect on CR. Bowel preparation with prokinetics is not commonly recommended. Optimal timing for purgative bowel preparation has yet to be established. However, the studies regarding bowel preparation for DAE are not sufficient. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recommends 8–12 hours fasting from solid food and 4–6 hours fasting from liquids prior to the antegrade DAE. For retrograde DAE, colonoscopy preparation regimen is recommended. This article reviews the literature and ESGE, 2013 Korean published guidelines regarding bowel preparation for VCE and DAE, following suggestion for optimal bowel preparation for VCE and balloon enteroscopy.
Capsule Endoscopy ; Cathartics ; Colonoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Fasting ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Simethicone

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The successful colonoscopic insertion has been predicted by several clinical factors including female gender, obesity, poor bowel preparation, and a history of surgery. In addition, anatomical differences, such as Kudo's pattern (B, C of the sigmoid colon), rotation of the hepatic and splenic flexure, and the diameter of the sigmoid colon have also been considered to affect the success of colonoscopic insertion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical factors using virtual CT colonscopy in the case where the colonoscopic insertion is difficult. METHODS: From April 2005 to June 2005, 32 patients who experienced a delayed insertion time > or =10 minutes during colonoscopy (Group I) and other 34 patients whose insertion time was <10 minutes (Group II) were examined by virtual CT colonoscopy. The shape of the sigmoid colon was compared with Kudo's pattern, rotation of hepatic (HFR) and splenic flexure (SFR), and the diameter of the most distended sigmoid colon at the supine position (SCD) in both groups. Excessive SFR or HFR was defined if the splenic flexure or hepatic flexure was rotated by more than 360 degrees from the natural course of the colon. RESULTS: There were significant differences between group I (M : F=16 : 16, mean age: 61.7+/-13.8, SCD: 40.9+/-7.4 mm) and group II (M : F=25 : 9, mean age: 46.9+/-11.4, SCD: 39.7+/-7.2 mm) in terms of gender, age, BMI (24.1+/-3.5 kg/m2 in group I, 23.5+/-2.1 kg/m2 in group II), and the colonoscopic insertion time (18.1 minutes in group I, 6.3 minutes in group II). The Kudo's pattern was as follows: pattern A : B : C=23.3% : 36.7% : 40.0% in group I, and pattern A : B : C=50.0% : 37.5% : 12.5% in group II. Excessive rotation of the splenic flexure was 50% in group I, and 21.9% in group II. However, there were no clinical significant difference in bowel preparation, sedation, previous bowel operation, the type of cathartics and SCD. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomical differences can affect a difficult colonoscopic insertion, which includes shape of the sigmoid colon, excessive rotation of the splenic flexure. However a further large randomized trial study will be needed.
Cathartics ; Colon* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colon, Transverse ; Colonoscopy* ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity ; Supine Position

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The successful colonoscopic insertion has been predicted by several clinical factors including female gender, obesity, poor bowel preparation, and a history of surgery. In addition, anatomical differences, such as Kudo's pattern (B, C of the sigmoid colon), rotation of the hepatic and splenic flexure, and the diameter of the sigmoid colon have also been considered to affect the success of colonoscopic insertion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical factors using virtual CT colonscopy in the case where the colonoscopic insertion is difficult. METHODS: From April 2005 to June 2005, 32 patients who experienced a delayed insertion time > or =10 minutes during colonoscopy (Group I) and other 34 patients whose insertion time was <10 minutes (Group II) were examined by virtual CT colonoscopy. The shape of the sigmoid colon was compared with Kudo's pattern, rotation of hepatic (HFR) and splenic flexure (SFR), and the diameter of the most distended sigmoid colon at the supine position (SCD) in both groups. Excessive SFR or HFR was defined if the splenic flexure or hepatic flexure was rotated by more than 360 degrees from the natural course of the colon. RESULTS: There were significant differences between group I (M : F=16 : 16, mean age: 61.7+/-13.8, SCD: 40.9+/-7.4 mm) and group II (M : F=25 : 9, mean age: 46.9+/-11.4, SCD: 39.7+/-7.2 mm) in terms of gender, age, BMI (24.1+/-3.5 kg/m2 in group I, 23.5+/-2.1 kg/m2 in group II), and the colonoscopic insertion time (18.1 minutes in group I, 6.3 minutes in group II). The Kudo's pattern was as follows: pattern A : B : C=23.3% : 36.7% : 40.0% in group I, and pattern A : B : C=50.0% : 37.5% : 12.5% in group II. Excessive rotation of the splenic flexure was 50% in group I, and 21.9% in group II. However, there were no clinical significant difference in bowel preparation, sedation, previous bowel operation, the type of cathartics and SCD. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomical differences can affect a difficult colonoscopic insertion, which includes shape of the sigmoid colon, excessive rotation of the splenic flexure. However a further large randomized trial study will be needed.
Cathartics ; Colon* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colon, Transverse ; Colonoscopy* ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity ; Supine Position

Rhubarb is well-known for its cathartic effect, and this cathartic effect, which is closely correlated with "whter" of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is brought into play in colon. Recent researches about the relation between formation and effects have identified that the anthraquinone glycosides with 1,8-dio-hydroxy and without hydroxyl in the 2, 3, 6, 7 location, such as emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, et al, can bring about fairly obvious effects of "Watery Diarrhea". Aquaporins (AQPs) are expressed abundantly in colonic epithelial cells, and the abnormal expression of AQPs can lead to the less absorption of water in colon and/or the more secretion of intestinal juice, which suggest that AQPs might be one kind of the effector molecules, which some drugs playing pharmacologic actions in colon depend on. This assumption provides a novel field of vision. Is this "Watery Diarrhea" effect induced by rhubarb concerned with the location alteration or the expression change of AQPs. We deduce that the regulative effects of AQPs by rhubarb in colon might provide a new pharmacologic explation about the cathartic effect through the exploration of TCM and Chinese herbal drugs, with TCM theory and the analysis of data about efficiency and pharmacologic researches of rhubarb and the researches of AQPs. This deduction might be used to reveal why rhubarb can bring about multi-efficiency.
Cathartics ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Rheum ; chemistry

Renal failure due to nephrocalcinosis after large-bowel cleansing with sodium phosphate preparations before endoscopic procedures is an easily overlooked diagnosis. While it has been reported that acute renal failure can result from the use of oral sodium phosphate preparations, chronic renal failure has not yet been reported. We report a case of chronic renal failure due to oral sodium phosphate, in which a kidney biopsy was performed.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Biopsy ; Cathartics ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Nephrocalcinosis ; Phosphates ; Renal Insufficiency ; Sodium