To study the function of expelling water retention with drastic purgative of different polarities of Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar on the cancerous ascites model rats, the furosemide was taken as positive control drug, and the cancerous ascites model rats were respectively orally administered with different polarities of Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar for 7 d. The amount of urine and ascites, the level of urinary sodium, potassium, chloride ion and pH, and the content of PRL1, AII, ALD in serum were investigated. Compared with model groups, ethyl acetate extract group showed a decreasing trend in ascites; the amount of urine of showed a significant increase (P < 0.05); the level of urinary sodium, potassium, chloride ion (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), pH (P < 0.05), and the content of PRL1, AII, ALD in serum all showed a significant decrease (P < 0.01). The effects of petroleum ether extract and n-butanol extract were weaker than that of ethyl acetate extract. The water exact was the weakest. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract is the active part of Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar on the function of expelling water retention with drastic purgative on the cancerous ascites model rats, alleviating the water-electrolyte disorder and body fluid acid-base imbalance, regulating the renin angiotensin aldosterone system.
Animals ; Ascites ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Cathartics ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Potassium ; urine ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium ; urine ; Water ; metabolism

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an educational video program on bowel preparation for a colonoscopy. METHODS: The study used a non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized design as a quasi-experimental research involving 101 participants undergoing bowel preparation for a colonoscopy (experimental group 51, control group 50 subjects) at W. university hospital, from Aug. 7 to Oct. 31, 2013. The control group received verbal education with an explanatory note while the experimental group received education using a video program. To measure knowledge of diet restrictions and compliance with ingesting bowel preparation solutions, a questionnaire, based on The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy's Guide (2003), developed by Sam-Sook You, was used after revisions and supplementation was done. To measure bowel cleanness, the 'Aronchick Bowel Preparation Scale' was adopted. Data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: A higher proportion of the experimental group showed a positive change in knowledge level on diet restrictions (U=1011.50, p=.035) and ingestion of bowel preparation solutions (U=980.50, p=.019), a higher level of compliance with diet restrictions (U=638.50, p<.001), ingesting bowel preparation solutions (U=668.00, p<.001) and the level of bowel cleanness (chi2=17.00, p<.001) than the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that a video educational program for patients having a colonoscopy can improve knowledge, level of compliance with diet restrictions, ingestion of bowel preparation solutions, and bowel cleanness. Therefore video educational program should be used with this patient group.
Adult ; Cathartics/chemistry/metabolism ; Colon/physiology ; Colonoscopy ; Diet ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance/psychology ; *Patient Education as Topic ; *Program Evaluation ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo elucidate that rhubarb extract as a purgative should be delivered to colon from a pharmaceutical point of view.

METHODEffects of anthranoids and free anthraquinones as purgatives on the colon motility and transit time, the absorption in vivo, and the loss in the processes of extraction, concentration and dryness were reviewed, based on the recent 60 years pharmacological, pharmaceutical and clinical experimental studies at home and abroad.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONFree anthraquinones in rhubarb extract should be regarded as purgative principles. Close attention should be paid to the loss of free anthraquinones not only in the processes of extraction, concentration and dryness, but also in the process of transit in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Colon-targeting delivery of rhubarb extract, as a purgative, may prevent absorption of free anthraquinones in the upper gastrointestinal tract, thus improving clinical effects and lowering dosage.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Cathartics ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Colon ; metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Rheum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the difference and causes of purgative activity in three species of certified rhubarb, so as to lay steady foundations of further research on assessing purgative activity impersonally by using measurable indexes.

METHODThe potencies of three species were comparied with purgative ED, of mice as quantitative index which were calculated, and activities of Na+ K + -ATP ase in mouse colonic epithelial cell membrane were also investigated . The related purgative contents (conjunct and free rhein, chrysophanol, chrysophanic acid, sennoside A) were detected by HPLC and contents (total anthraquinones, anthraglucosennin; conjunct and free anthraquinones) were detected by UV.

RESULTThere were different purgative activities among three spieces of certified rhubarb. Each purgative ED, of mice was Rheum tanguticum ( ED50 = 0. 37 g x kg (-1)) , R. officinale ( ED50 = 0. 99 g x kg(-1) ) and R. palrnatum from Gansu (ED50 = 1. 83 g x kg(-1)) , the ratio of potency of those was 4. 94: 1. 85: 1. In the meanwhile, the difference of the inhibitory effect on Na+ -K + -ATP ase in mouse colonic epithelial cell membrane and relative purgative components also existed in the three species of certified rhubarb.

CONCLUSIONIt disclosed that there was notable diference of purgative activity and components among three spieces of certified Rhubarb, which probably resulted in the ultimate diference in clinical prescription and the production of Chinese patent medicines.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Cathartics ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Membrane ; drug effects ; enzymology ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Colon ; cytology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Rheum ; chemistry ; classification ; Senna Extract ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Species Specificity