PURPOSE: To compare the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the aqueous humor and serum of diabetics and non-diabetics. METHODS: We divided patients into two groups: seventy-six non-diabetic cataract patients and fifty-two diabetic cataract patients. The diabetic group was divided again into three subgroups: twenty-six patients with no diabetic retinopathy, thirteen patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and thirteen patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors compared the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the serum and aqueous humor of cataract patients. Statistic analysis was performed to form two comparisons: 1) a comparison between non-diabetics and diabetics and 2) a comparison among non-diabetics and the three subgroups of diabetics. RESULTS: In serum, calcium levels did not statistically differ between non-diabetics and diabetics. The phosphorus level was also not significantly different. In the aqueous humor, however, while calcium levels did not differ significantly, the phosphorus levels in diabetics were considerably higher than those in non-diabetics. When non-diabetics were compared to the three diabetic subgroups, calcium levels did not differ in serum or aqueous humor, but the phosphorus levels in diabetics with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were significantly higher than those in non-diabetics, diabetics without diabetic retinopathy, and diabetics with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The level of phosphorus in the aqueous humor and serum of diabetics was significantly increased, especially in diabetics with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. This result may be related to hydrophilic acrylic IOL opacification. Future studies regarding the pathogenic role of a high concentration of aqueous humor and serum phosphorus are required.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aqueous Humor/*chemistry ; Biological Markers/analysis ; Calcium/*analysis ; Cataract/complications/*metabolism ; Diabetic Retinopathy/complications/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To compare the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the aqueous humor and serum of diabetics and non-diabetics. METHODS: We divided patients into two groups: seventy-six non-diabetic cataract patients and fifty-two diabetic cataract patients. The diabetic group was divided again into three subgroups: twenty-six patients with no diabetic retinopathy, thirteen patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and thirteen patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors compared the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the serum and aqueous humor of cataract patients. Statistic analysis was performed to form two comparisons: 1) a comparison between non-diabetics and diabetics and 2) a comparison among non-diabetics and the three subgroups of diabetics. RESULTS: In serum, calcium levels did not statistically differ between non-diabetics and diabetics. The phosphorus level was also not significantly different. In the aqueous humor, however, while calcium levels did not differ significantly, the phosphorus levels in diabetics were considerably higher than those in non-diabetics. When non-diabetics were compared to the three diabetic subgroups, calcium levels did not differ in serum or aqueous humor, but the phosphorus levels in diabetics with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were significantly higher than those in non-diabetics, diabetics without diabetic retinopathy, and diabetics with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The level of phosphorus in the aqueous humor and serum of diabetics was significantly increased, especially in diabetics with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. This result may be related to hydrophilic acrylic IOL opacification. Future studies regarding the pathogenic role of a high concentration of aqueous humor and serum phosphorus are required.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aqueous Humor/*chemistry ; Biological Markers/analysis ; Calcium/*analysis ; Cataract/complications/*metabolism ; Diabetic Retinopathy/complications/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo observe the the protective effection of polysaccharides-2b of mudan cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa andr (PSM2b) on diabetic cataract.

METHODThe animal model of diabetic cataract in rats was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and freund's adjuvant complete (CFA). The initial opacity occurrence time in lens was investigated with cranny lamp, and opacity degree of lens was compared too. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-pX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in serum and lens were detected. At the same time, the activities of Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase, the content of macromolecular weight protein and infusibility protein in lens were detected too.

RESULTThe results examinated by cranny lamp showed that PSM2b could significantly postpone the occurrence and alleviate opacity degree of lens. Compared with model group, every treatment group of PSM2b could lower the level of MDA, high and middle dose groups could increase the levels of SOD, GSH-pX, CAT in serum and lens in evidence, and enhance the activity of Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase. These indexes present favorable positive correlation between dose and effect.

CONCLUSIONAll these results demonstrated that PSM2b had apparently protective effection on diabetic cataract in rats.

Animals ; Catalase ; blood ; metabolism ; Cataract ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; blood ; chemically induced ; complications ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; metabolism ; Lens, Crystalline ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; metabolism ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Streptozocin ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the aldose reductase inhibitory (ARI) activity of different fractions of Hybanthus enneaspermus for potential use in diabetic cataract.

METHODSTotal phenol and flavonoid content of different fractions was determined. ARI activity of different fractions in rat lens was investigated in vitro.

RESULTSThe results showed significant level of phenolic and flavonoid content in ethyl acetate fraction [total phenol (212.15±0.79 mg/g), total flavonoid (39.11±2.27 mg/g)] and aqueous fraction [total phenol (140.62±0.57 mg/g), total flavonoid (26.07±1.49 mg/g)] as compared with the chloroform fraction [total phenol (68.56±0.51 mg/g), total flavonoid (13.41±0.82 mg/g)] and petrolium ether fraction [total phenol (36.68±0.43 mg/g), total flavonoid (11.55±1.06 mg/g)]. There was a significant difference in the ARI activity of each fraction, and it was found to be the highest in ethyl acetate fraction [IC50 (49.26±1.76 µg/mL)] followed by aqueous extract [IC50 (70.83±2.82 µg/mL)] and it was least in the petroleum ether fraction [IC50 (118.89±0.71 µg/mL)]. Chloroform fraction showed moderate activity [IC50 (98.52±1.80 µg/mL)].

CONCLUSIONSDifferent fractions showed significanct amount of ARI activity, where in ethyl acetate fraction it was found to be maximum which may be due to its high phenolic and flavonoid content. The extract after further evaluation may be used in the treatment of diabetic cataract.

Aldehyde Reductase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Cataract ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Diabetes Complications ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus ; pathology ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Lens, Crystalline ; enzymology ; Phenols ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Violaceae ; metabolism

Epalrestat is the unique aldose reductase inhibitor on the market, which was mainly used for the diabetic neuropathy. Lenses osmotic expansion could be induced by galactose to mimic the pathological process of diabetic cataract in vitro. In present study, we mainly investigated whether epalrestat possesses inhibitory effect on the lens osmotic expansion. The results indicated that epalrestat could not only markedly inhibit rat lens osmotic expansion in vitro, but also significantly reduced the high expression of the osmotic expansion-related genes such as AR and AQP1 in mRNA and protein levels. The findings may provide an important reference to epalrestat in the clinical application for the treatment of diabetic cataract.
Aldehyde Reductase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Animals ; Aquaporin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cataract ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Galactose ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Lens, Crystalline ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Osmosis ; drug effects ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhodanine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Thiazolidines ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDCataracts is considered be formed because of an abnormal glucose metabolic pathway or oxidative stress. We explored the damaging role of ONOO- and antagonism of cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 (CCK-8) in diabetic cataractal rat lenses.

METHODSA diabetic cataractal animal model was established by peritoneal injection of streptozotocine (STZ). Thirty-six normal SD rats were taken as control group; seventy-two were given STZ (45 mg/kg) and then divided into STZ group and CCK-8 group (peritoneal injection CCK-8). STZ induced diabetic rats were treated with CCK-8 for 60 days. Lenses were examined with slit lamp at 20, 40 and 60 days. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis were used for determining nitrotyrosine (NT, a marker for ONOO-). PT-PCR and gene array analysis were used for determining the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase mRNA (iNOS mRNA) in lens epithelium (LEC).

RESULTSSTZ group rats developed lens opacity by 20 days that reached a high level by 60 days after STZ injection. CCK-8 group rats delayed the cataract formation. CCK-8 group rats delayed the cataract formation. There was no distinct expression of NT and iNOS mRNA in control group. In STZ group, there were distinct expression of NT and upregulation of iNOS mRNA; however, CCK-8 group showed weak expression of NT and downregulation of iNOS mRNA.

CONCLUSIONSNT, which may be a new form of oxidative stress, was expressed in diabetic rat LEC although CCK-8 could reverse NT damage in LEC. The results suggested that CCK-8 might be a useful therapeutic agent against diabetic cataract. The antagonizing mechanism of CCK-8 may be related to direct antagonism of ONOO- as well as its inhibition of the expression of iNOS mRNA for production of NO and therefore decrease in the formation of ONOO-.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cataract ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; genetics ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxynitrous Acid ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sincalide ; pharmacology ; Streptozocin ; Tyrosine ; analogs & derivatives ; genetics