PURPOSE: To investigate the results using the OQAS and the Pentacam in cataract patients classified according to the type of lens opacity. METHODS: The present study included 124 eyes of 92 patients who had cataract surgery at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital from December 2011 to January 2012 and were classified into nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract patients. The lens opacity was determined with OSI, MTF, Strehl ratio, width 10%, width 50% and the opacity of Scheimpflug image by the OQAS and the Pentacam. Additionally, the correlation between subjective cataract classification and objective opacity value was analyzed. RESULTS: The nuclear cataract group showed a 6.40 +/- 2.41 OSI value and had high opacity. The cortical cataract group showed the highest MTF cut-off value (12.02 +/- 6.19 C/deg). When evaluating Pentacam results, the posterior subcapsular cataract group had the lowest average level of lens opacity (9.12 +/- 1.08) followed by in increasing order, the cortical cataract group (9.79 +/- 1.67) and the nuclear cataract group (11.08 +/- 1.84). The results were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The OSI value of the OQAS was significantly correlated with nuclear and posterior opacity (p = 0.049, p = 0.039, respectively) except cortical opacity (p = 0.781). MTF and nuclear opacity showed statistically significant correlation and the lens opacity of Pentacam was correlated with nuclear and posterior opacities. In cortical cataract with severe peripheral opacity, the cortical opacity showed significant correlation with Maximum. CONCLUSIONS: The OQAS and Pentacam results showed high correlation with the nuclear and posterior opacities which can be useful for cataract surgery.
Cataract* ; Classification ; Humans ; Seoul

This report represents a quantitative analysis of the human lens changes in density correlated with aging using the Scheimpflug Camera(EAS-1000, Nidek) and image analysis technique. We measured the scattering light intensity(biometric; analysis) of the 13 points from the anterior capsule to the posterior capsule in 156 eyes. In generally, the scattering intensity of lens anterior part was greater than that of posterior part. The scattering light intensity of lens was increased with aging except in the posterior subcapsule and posterior capsule. This results will assist the classification and monitoring of human cataracts grade.
Aging* ; Cataract ; Classification ; Humans*

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with conventional cataract surgery on effective phacoemulsification time (EPT). METHODS: This study included 66 patients 100 eyes who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and 68 patients 100 eyes who underwent conventional cataract surgery. Both groups underwent phacoemulsification using pulsed ultrasound energy and EPT was evaluated. The groups were further analyzed according to preoperative Lens opacities classification system (LOCS) III grading. Patients who had femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery underwent lens fragmentation with quadrant, hybrid, or grid pattern and the EPT was respectively evaluated. RESULTS: The mean EPT was 5.85 +/- 4.31 seconds in the femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery group and 10.34 +/- 6.61 seconds in the conventional group. Overall, EPT was statistically significantly lower in the femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery group compared to the conventional group. When the groups were analyzed according to LOCS III grading, this result was consistent for all cataract grades and the reduction in EPT was increased with the higher LOCS III grade. When the groups were analyzed according to lens fragmentation patterns, the mean EPT was lower with 350 microm grid pattern than the quadrant or hybrid pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The femtosecond laser-assisted system in cataract surgery can be an efficient cataract surgery using lower EPT compared to the conventional procedure. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the mean EPT of cataract surgery using the femtosecond laser-assisted system among the 3 lens fragmentation pattern groups.
Cataract* ; Classification ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification* ; Ultrasonography

Phacoemulsification has been regarded as a preferable extracapsular cataract extraction due to rapid improvement of vicual acuity and small amount of surgically induced astigmatism. Since its introduction in 1967 by Kelman, the technique of phacoemulsification has been developed from sculpting method to divide and conquer and chopping methods by several cataract surgeons. The efficacy of phaco-drill techniquer with Microseal type phaco tip, developed by C-K Joo was evaluated in this study. 563 eyes were operated on by Joo from April, 1995 to April, 1996. The cataractous lenses were divided into NO2Inuclear opacity), NO3, NO4, and NO5 according to the Lens Opacification Classification System(LOCS) III and the number of each were 140, 207, 125 and 91, respectively. Rapid impr- ovement of uncorrected visual acuity was noted at postoperative on day; 0.5-0.6 in NO2, 0.4-0.5 in NO3, and 0.3-0.4 in NO4 and NO5. The average consumption of irrigating solution during the operations was under 100ml in most cases. The average real action(%, sec) of phacoemulsifications calculated as power x time was increased from 538 in NO2 to 3747 in NO5 depending on the severity of lens opacity. Combination of phaco-drill and chopping technique was used in 67 cases of NO5. Posterior capsule rupture occurred in 15 cases(2.66%). In this study we confirmed that phaco-drill technique with the phaco tip beveled down is a safe and efficient phacoemulsifying technique and be combined with the chopping technique.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Classification ; Phacoemulsification* ; Rupture ; Visual Acuity

The epidemiologic study to evaluate the prevalence rate and morphological characteristics of senile cataract in Korea was performed in two different geographic area with population-based study. The results of this study are as follow. In this study based on 40 years of age above, the prevalence rate of cataract was 32.8% in mountainous area (Chung Won) and 45.2% in rural area (Mun Kyung), it had a strong tendency to increase according to age in both areas. But there was no clear relationship in sexual difference. The classification of cataract to the stage showed that the incipient cataract was the most frequent stage in all age, but it was relatively decreased according to age. The immature, mature and hypermature cataract was increased according to age. In distribution of lens opacity to the morphological charactenstics, the single cortical opacity was the most frequent and the mixed opacity was the second in order, but the single nuclear and subcapsular opacity were rare. According to age, the cortical opacity was decreased, mixed opacity was increased, but nucJear and subcapsular opacity were not changed.
Cataract* ; Classification ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Korea* ; Prevalence*

The epidemiologic study to evaluate the prevalence rate and morphological characteristics of senile cataract in Korea was performed in two different geographic area with population-based study. The results of this study are as follow. In this study based on 40 years of age above, the prevalence rate of cataract was 32.8% in mountainous area (Chung Won) and 45.2% in rural area (Mun Kyung), it had a strong tendency to increase according to age in both areas. But there was no clear relationship in sexual difference. The classification of cataract to the stage showed that the incipient cataract was the most frequent stage in all age, but it was relatively decreased according to age. The immature, mature and hypermature cataract was increased according to age. In distribution of lens opacity to the morphological charactenstics, the single cortical opacity was the most frequent and the mixed opacity was the second in order, but the single nuclear and subcapsular opacity were rare. According to age, the cortical opacity was decreased, mixed opacity was increased, but nucJear and subcapsular opacity were not changed.
Cataract* ; Classification ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Korea* ; Prevalence*

PURPOSE: To compare effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), the severity of corneal swelling and corneal endothelial cell density after cataract surgery between the phaco chop method and the mini chop method. METHODS: Cataract surgery was performed by phaco chop (15 eyes) or by mini chop (13 eyes) method in 28 eyes of 27 patients. The nuclear opacity of cataract grade was more than 5 on LOCS (Lens opacities classification system) III. EPT and the amount of irrigated BSS solution were measured during the operation. Corneal thickness (preoperative, immediate postoperative, postoperative 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months) and corneal endothelial cell density (preoperative, postoperative 1month and 3 months) were measured. RESULTS: The EPT of phaco chop group was 5.2 sec and that of mini chop was 1.0 sec (p=0.000). The amount of irrigated BSS was 193.7 ml and 170.4 ml in the phaco chop group and the mini chop group, respectively. The increase in corneal thickness was 3.2% and 0.9% at immediately after surgery (p=0.128), 19.0% and 10.5% at postoperative 1 day (p=0.088), 5.7% and 1.5% at postoperative 1 week (p=0.080), 0% and -1.3% at postoperative 1 month (p=0.717), and -0.4% and -0.6% at postoperative 3 months (p=0.890) in the phaco chop group and the mini chop group, respectively. Corneal endothelial cell density decreased 23.0% in the phaco chop group and 9.4% in the mini chop group at postoperative 1 month (p=0.005) and 22.9%, 12.6%, at 3 months respectively (p=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: The mini chop technique reduced permanent endothelial cell damage in comparison with the phaco chop method and might be more effective in decreasing corneal swelling during the early postoperative period than the phaco chop method.
Cataract* ; Classification ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Postoperative Period

The congenital cataracts are lens opacity which are present at birth or within 3 months after birth. The pathogenesis of congenital cataract is no less varied and complex than that of adult-onset or senile lens opacification, but most of etiology is unknown. Inheritance can play a major role in their etiology and the most mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant. However, the possibility of preventing the disease in future generation through genetic counseling give the ophthalmologist responsibility in the recognition and classification of congenital lens opacities. We experienced hereditary congenital cataract, and so we reported these patients with review of literatures.
Cataract* ; Classification ; Genetic Counseling ; Humans ; Parturition ; Social Responsibility ; Wills

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of electroretinographic responses according to the lens opacity type and severity in cataract patients with normal retina. METHODS: Retrospective study was performed on 79 eyes of 79 patients who had undergone electroretinograms (ERG) before cataract surgery. The patients with high myopia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension or glaucoma were excluded. Cataracts were classified using Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Whether the ERG results are different according to the location and severity of lens opacity was analyzed. RESULTS: Marked reduction in amplitude and delay in implicit time were observed in mature cataracts. Amplitudes of a- and b-wave were reduced significantly, especially a-wave in maximal combined response and b-wave in rod response (P<0.01). Among the 4 groups, excluding the mature opacity, amplitude was reduced in posterior subcapsular opacity. Implicit times were also delayed, but not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Lens opacity, especially posterior subcapsular opacity affects the ERG results significantly. These findings should be considered in evaluating the retinal abnormalities in patients with cataract.
Cataract* ; Classification ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Myopia ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To investigate the outcomes of quantitative lens nuclear opalescence change after pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal gas injection in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane and macular hole. METHODS: All patients were divided into two group according to the kinds of injected gases, either Group 1 (fluid/air exchange) or Group 2 (20% SF₆ gas injection). Lens nuclear opalescence according to the classification of Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III, mean nuclear density and maximal nuclear density of Pentacam® scheimpflug image changed by image J, besides refractive errors were evaluated before surgery and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Out of 40 eyes of 40 patients included in the analysis, 21 received only fluid/air exchange (Group 1) and 19 received 20% SF₆ gas injection (Group 2). There were significant changes in lens nuclear opalescence between the study and control (unaffected) eyes. In both groups, the study eyes experienced significant progression of cataract compared with the control eyes, in terms of mean nuclear density, maximal nuclear density and LOCS III. In comparison according to the kinds of injected gases, there was a significant difference in mean nuclear density after 4 months, maximal nuclear density after 2 months and 4 months, LOCS after 2 months and 4 months, and refractive error after 1, 2, 4, and 6 months between both groups (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: After vitrectomy and intravitreal gas injection, changes in postoperative lens nuclear opalescence of the study eyes progressed more rapidly compared with the control eyes. This study identified that lens nuclear opalescence of Group 2 progressed rapidly, but after 12 months there was no significant difference of lens opacity between the kinds of injected gases.
Cataract* ; Classification ; Epiretinal Membrane* ; Gases ; Humans ; Iridescence ; Refractive Errors ; Retinal Perforations* ; Vitrectomy*